vas, a vessel). The passage of fluids out of their proper vessels, and their infiltration into the surrounding tissues. EXUDATION. Transpiration. The flow of liquid from the surface of the skin or membrane, an ulcer, &c. EXUVIE (exuo, to put off). The slough, or cast-off covering of certain animals, as those of the snake-kind. EYE. Oculus. The organ of vision. The following is a systematic arrangement of the diseases to which this organ is liable: I. Diseases of the Eye, generally. 1. Ophthalmia (plaλuòs, the eye). Generally, any inflammation of the eye. 2. Ophthalmitis. Inflammation of the globe of the eye 3. Exophthalmia (ès, out, oplaλμòs, the eye). Proptosis, or protrusion of the globe of the eye. BEER proposes to call the affection exophthalmus, when the protruded eye is in its natural state; exophthalmia, when it is inflamed; and ophthalmoptosis, when the displacement is caused by division of the nerves and muscles of the orbit, or by paralysis of the latter. 4. Lippitudo (lippus, blear-eyed). Catarrhal ophthalmia. 5. Epiphora (èπipéрw, to carry with force). Watery eye. 13. Ectropium (èк, out, τрéπw, to turn). Eversion of the eye-lids. 14. Entropium (èv, in, τρéπw, to turn). Inversion of the eye-lids. 15. Epicanthus (èri, upon, kavos, the corner of the eye). A fold of skin covering the internal canthus. 16. Hordeolum (dim. of hordeum, barley). Stye; a tumor resembling a barley-corn. 17. Lagophthalmos (λays, a hare, paλuòs, the eye). Hare-eye; shortening of the upper lid. 18. Milium (a millet seed). A small white tumor on the margin of the lids, containing a substance nearly like boiled rice. 19. Nævi materni, or mother-spots, occurring on the eye-brow, or upper lid. 20. Pediculi ciliorum. Lice of the eye-lashes. Phtheiriasis. A watery vesicle of the ciliary margin. 21. Phlyctenula (dim. of phlyctana). 22. Ptilosis (Tiλwσis, the moulting of birds). Madarosis. Alopecia. Loss of the eye-lashes. 23. Ptosis (Twois, prolapsus). A falling of the upper eye-lid. 24. Symblepharon (ovv, together with, Bλépapov, the eye-lid). The connexion of the lid to the globe of the eye. 25. Trichiasis (Opit, тpixòs, hair). An unnatural direction of the cilia inwards against the eye-ball. 6. Cirsophthalmia, (Kıpσòs, varix, opOaλuòs, the eye). Varicositas oculi, or varicose ophthalmia. A varicose affec-ening and induration of the palpebral 26. Tylosis (rúλos, callosity). Thicktion of the blood-vessels of the eye. 7. Empyesis oculi (èv, in, πõov, pus). Suppuration of the eye. 8. Ophthalmoplegia (opłaλμòs, the eye, Tλnoow, to strike). Paralysis of one or more of the muscles of the eye. 9. Hypoæma scorbuticum (vπò, under, aiua, blood). A scorbutic blood-shot appearance of the eye. 10. Hydrophthalmia (üdwp, water, bøOaλuòs, the eye). Hydrops oculi, or dropsy of the eye. This has been also termed bu-phthalmus (ßous, an ox, opbaλMòs, the eye), or ox-eye. II. Diseases of the Eye-lids. 11. Ankyloblepharon (¿ykúλos, bent, Bλépapov, the eye-lid). A preternatural union of the two lids. 12. Chalazion (xáλača, a hail-stone). An indurated tumor of undefined margin, occupying the edge of the lid. It is called, in Latin, grando; and, from its being supposed to be the indurated remains of a stye, it has been termed hordeolum induratum. pachea blephara, and pachytes (maxus, margins. The terms pachy blepharosis, thick), denote the thickened state of the lids. III. Diseases of the Conjunctiva. 27. Encanthis (èv, in, kavēòs, the corner of the eye). Enlargement of the caruncula lacrymalis. A 28. Pterygium (πтéρν, a wing). thickened state of the membrane, probably so called from its triangular shape. IV. Diseases of the Cornea and chambers of the aqueous humors. 29. Ceratocele (Kéρas, Képаtos, cornu, kýλn, a tumor). Hernia of the cornea. 30. Corneitis, ceratitis, or keratitis. Inflammation of the cornea. 31. Hæmophthalmus (aîμa, blood, ¿pOaλuòs, the eye). Effusion of blood into the chambers of the eye. 32. Hypogala (vrò, under, yáλa, milk). The effusion of a milk-like fluid into the chambers of the eye. 33. Hypopyon (vrò, under, TUOV, pus). The presence of pus in the anterior ripe, or unripe. BEER divides them into chamber. the true and the spurious. 34. Hypolympha (vrò, under, and lympha). The effusion of lymph in the chambers of the aqueous humor. 35. Opacity (opacus, opaque). A general term, popularly called film, including all changes affecting the transparency of the cornea: these are 1. Arcus senilis (senile bow), or gerontoxon. The opaque circle, or half circle, formed in old age. 2. Nebula (a cloud). Haziness; dul ness. 3. Leucoma (NEUKòs, white), or albugo. A denser opacity extending through the laminæ. 4. Macula (a spot). A small patch, or speck. 36. Staphyloma (σтapʊìǹ, a grape). Increased size of the cornea, with opacity. V. Diseases of the Iris, lens and capsule, and vitreous humor. 37. Coloboma iridis (koλóßwμa, a mutilated limb). Fissure of the iris, with prolongation of the pupil. 38. Glaucoma (yλavкòs, azure). Formerly cataract, but now discoloration of the pupil. 39. Iritis. Inflammation of the iris. 40. Mydriasis (μúdos, moisture). Dilated pupil. 41. Myosis (uów, to close, v, the eye). Contracted pupil. 42. Prolapsus iridis. A hernia-like protrusion of the iris through a wound of the cornea. The tumor, thus formed, is sometimes called staphyloma iridis; the protrusion of the whole iris is termed staphyloma racemosum; a small prolapsus, myocephalon (uvia, a fly, Kepaλ, the head); those of larger size have been named clavus (a nail), helos (λos, a nail), and melon (μñλov, an apple). 43. Synchysis (σúyxvois, a melting). fluid state of the vitreous humor. True Cataract. 1. The Lenticular, of various consistence, as the hard or firm; and the soft, caseous, gelatinous, or milky. 2. The Capsular; termed the anterior, the posterior, and the complete. 3. The Morgagnian, sometimes called the milk cataract, or confounded with the purulent; one of the rarest forms of the disease. 4. The Capsulo-lenticular; the varieties of this form are termed, with reference to their appearances: Marmoracea, or the marbled. The trabecularis, or the barred. This is the "cataracte barrée," or bar-cataract of the French, and the "cataract with a girth or zone," of Schmidt. Spurious Cataract. Lymphatica, or lymph-cataract. VII. Operations for Cataract. 2. Extraction, or the removal of the opaque lens from the eye, by division A of the cornea, and laceration of the capsule. 44. Synechia (ovvéxw, to keep together). Adhesion of the uvea to the crystalline capsule, which is termed posterior; and that of the iris to the cornea, which is anterior. 45. Synizesis (ovvičnois, collapse, sinking in). Atresia iridis. Closure of the pupil. VI. Cataract. 46. Cataract. Opacity of the crystalline lens, of its capsule, or of the Morgagnian fluid, separately or conjointly. Cataracts were formerly denominated 3. Keratonyxis (Képas, Képatos, a horn, vioow, to puncture); or the operation of couching performed by puncture of the cornea. VIII. Operations for artificial pupilcoremorphosis (кóρη, pupil, μóppwois, formation) : 1. Coretomia (кóρn, pupil, Toμn, section), or iriditomia; the operation by incision. 2. Corectomia (kóρn, pupil, kкToμǹ, excision), or iridectomia; the operation by excision. 3. Coredialysis (κón, pupil, diáλvois, | Bos, fear), or intolerance of light. This loosening), or iridodialysis; the operation is connected with by separation. 4. Iridencleisis (ipis, iris, eykλeiw, to inclose); the strangulation of the detached portion of the iris. 5. Iridectomedialysis (¡pės, iris, èktoμn, excision, diáλvois, separation); the ration by excision and separation. ope 6. Scleroticectome (sclerotica, and eкTOμn, excision); the operation for forming an artificial pupil in the sclerotica. IX. Amaurosis. Imperfection or loss of sight from affection of the retina, optic nerve, or sensorium. Literally, it means dimness of sight, and is applied, generally, to the following forms and degrees: 1. Amblyopia (außλis, dull, v, the eye), the incipient or incomplete; the epithet amaurotica is sometimes attached to it. 2. Gutta serena (drop serene; so named from the idea of an effused fluid at or behind the pupil), the complete; often synonymous with amaurosis. 3. Suffusion (suffundo, to suffuse) is a term applied generally by Celsus, &c. to amaurosis, arising from cataract, &c. The ὑπόχυμα, οι ὑπόχυσις, of the earlier Greek writers, includes amaurosis and cataract; the latter was afterwards called 10. Oxyopia (ofùs, acute, öves. sight), or acuteness of sight, for a short time, at intervals. 11. Strabismus (σтpaßioμòs, squinting, from σтpaßòs, i. q. σтpeßλòs, twisted), or squinting; when the eye turns inward it is called convergens; when outward, divergens. 12. Luscitas (luscus, blind of one eye), or obliquity of the eye. XI. Other defects of sight (vitia visús),— 13. Visus coloratus, or chrupsia (xpóa, colour, öves, sight), or coloration of objects. 14. Visus defiguratus or metamorphopsia (μεταμόρφωσις, transformation, ὄψις, sight), or distortion and confusion of objects. 15. Visus dimidiatus, or hemiopsia (uov, half, öves, sight), or half-sight; an affection of the sight, in which the sphere of vision is diminished, so that the person sees only a part of an object. 16. Visus duplicatus, or diplopia (deTλóos, double, and y, sight), or double vision. 17. Visus interruptus (interrumpo, to interfere with), or broken interrupted vision. 18. Visus lucidus, or photopsia (pws, pwròs, light, ovis, sight), or luminous vision, in which flashes of light appear to pass before the eyes, when the eyelids are shut, particularly in the dark. This is the marmaryge (μapμapvyǹ, dazzling light) of Hippocrates. 19. Visus muscarum, or myodesopsia (uvia, musca, a fly, ős, visus, sight), or the appearance of flies, &c., floating before the eyes. A single black speck is called scotoma (σKóтos, darkness); the more moving substances are termed muscæ volitantes or mouches volantes. 20. Visus nebulosus (nebula, a cloud), or misty, clouded vision. 21. Visus reticulatus (rete, a net), or a gauzy, net-like appearance of objects. EYE OF TYPHON. The mystic name given by the Egyptians to the 9. Photophobia (pws, pwròs, light, pó- Squill, or sea-onion. 118 F, or FT. Abbreviations of fiat, or fiant, let it, or them, be made; used in prescriptions. FACE AGUE. Tic douloureux. A form of neuralgia, which occurs in the nerves of the face. FACET (facette, a little face). A term applied to an articular cavity of a bone, when nearly plain. FACIES. The face; the lower and anterior part of the head, including the nose, mouth, eyes, and cheeks. See Vultus and Frons. 1. Facies Hippocratica. The peculiar appearance of the face immediately before death, described by Hippocrates. 2. Facies rubra. The red face; another name for the gutta rosacea. See Acne. F 3. Facial angle. An angle composed of two lines, one drawn in the direction of the basis of the skull, from the ear to the roots of the upper incisor teeth, and the other from the latter point to the most projecting part of the forehead. 4. Facial nerve. The portio dura of the seventh pair. The fifth pair is designated as the trifacial. 5. Facial vein. A vein which commences at the summit of the head and forehead. See Angular. 6. Face grippée. The pinched-in face; a peculiar expression of features in peritonitis. See Physiognomy. FACTITIOUS (factito, to practise). Made by art, as factitious cinnabar, in distinction from the natural production. This term is also applied to diseases which are produced wholly, or in part, by the patient; and to waters prepared in imitation of natural waters, as those of Brighton. FACULTY (facultas, from facere, to make). The power or ability by which an action is performed. A term employed to denote the professors of the medical art. FÆCES (pl. of fæx, dregs). Dregs or lees of wine; the settlement of any liquor. The excrement of animals. which runs off from the still after the proof spirit is taken away. FALCIFORM (falx, falcis, a scythe, forma, likeness). Scythe-like; a term applied to a process of the dura mater, and the iliac process of the fascia lata. FALLING SICKNESS. Caducus morbus. Epilepsy; an affection in which the patient suddenly falls to the ground. FALLOPIAN TUBES. Two trumpetlike ducts, arising from the sides of the fundus uteri, and extending to the ovaria; so called from Gabriel Fallopius. The commencement of each is termed ostium uterinum; the termination, ostium abdo-. minale; the fimbriated extremity, morsus diaboli. FALSE CONCEPTION. Anormal conception, in which, instead of a wellorganized embryo, a mole or some analogous production is formed. FALSE MEMBRANE. This is always the result of inflammation, as that produced in pleurisy, in peritonitis, in croup, &c. FALSE WATERS. Fausses eaux. A term applied by the French to a serous fluid which accumulates between the chorion and the amnios, and is discharged at certain periods of pregnancy. This must be distinguished from the liquor amnii, which they term simply the waters. FALX, FALCIS. A scythe, or sickle. A scythe or sickle-like process. 1. Fala cerebri, or falx major. The sickle-like process or lamina of the dura mater, situated between the lobes of the cerebrum. 2. Falx cerebelli, or falx minor. The small sickle-like process of the dura mater, situated between the lobes of the cerebellum. FAMES (payw, to eat). Famine, hunger. Hence the terms cura famis, or abstinence from food; and fames canina, voracious or canine appetite. See Bulimia. FAMILY. A group of genera, which are connected together by common chaob-racters of structure. The term order is synonymous. FAGIN. A narcotic substance tained from the nuts of the Fagus sylvatica, or common beech. FARCIMEN. The name given by FAINTS. The weak spirituous liquor Sauvages to the equine species of scro fula, commonly called farcy. The porcine species he denominated chalasis. FARI'NA (far, farris, corn). Meal, or vegetable flour, made from the seed of the Triticum Hybernum, or Winter Wheat. See Amylum. Farinaceous. A term for all those substances which contain farina; viz. the cerealia, legumes, &c. FAR-SIGHTEDNESS. An affection occurring in incomplete amaurosis. See Presbyopia. FASCIA (fascis, a bundle). Literally, a scarf or large band. Hence, it is applied to the aponeurotic expansion of a muscle. 1. Fascia lata. A name frequently given to the aponeurosis of the thigh. 2. Fascia superficialis. A membrane extending over the abdomen, and downwards over the front of the thigh. velum palati, the uvula, the tonsils, and the posterior part of the tongue. FAUNA (Fauni, the rural divinities). A term denoting the animals peculiar to any particular country. FAUX. The gullet-pipe; the space between the gula and the guttur, or the superior part of the gula. The term is used in botany to denote the orifice of the tube formed by the cohering petals of a gamopetalous corolla. FAVUS (a honey-comb). A non-acuminated pustule, larger than the achor, and succeeded by a yellow and cellular scab, resembling a honey-comb FAYNARD'S POWDER. A celebrated powder for stopping hæmorrhage, said to have been nothing more than the charcoal of beech-wood, finely powdered. FEBRIFUGE (febris, a fever, fugo, to dispel). A remedy against fever. 3. Fascia transversalis. A dense layer of cellular fibrous membrane, lying beneath the peritoneum, and investing the transversalis muscle. 4. Fascialis. Another name for the its supposed efficacy in gout. tensor vagina femoris muscle. Febrifugum magnum. The name given by Dr. Hancocke to cold water as a drink in ardent fever. The same remedy has been termed arthritifugum magnum, from FASCICLE (fasciculus, a little bundle). A form of inflorescence resembling a corymb, but having a centrifugal, instead of a centripetal, expansion. It is a kind of compound corymb. FASCICULUS (dim. of fascis, a bundle). A little bundle; a handful. Thus, a muscle consists of fasciculi of fibres. FASCIOLA HEPATICA. The fluke, a worm frequently found in the hepatic vessels of the sheep. It is also called distoma hepatica. FAT. Adeps. Solid animal oil. Human fat consists of two proximate principles, elaine and stearine, the former constituting the oily or liquid, the latter the fatty or solid substance. Fatty or unctuous bodies are divisible into 1. The Oils, which are liquid at the ordinary temperature, and are common to both the vegetable and animal kingdoms; and • FEBRIS (ferveo, or jerbeo, to be hot). Pyrexia. Fever; a class of diseases characterized by increased heat, &c. It is termed idio-pathic, i. e. of the general system, not dependent on local disease; or symptomatic, or sympathetic-a secondary affection of the constitution, dependent on local disease, as the inflammatory. The hectic is a remote effect. Pinel distinguishes the following varieties: 1. The Angeio-tenic (àyyeîov, a vessel, Teivw, to stretch), or inflammatory fever, situated in the organs of circulation. 2. The Meningo-gastric (μývıy§, a membrane, yaσrip, the belly), or bilious fever, originating in the mucous membrane of the intestines. 3. The Adeno-meningeal (àðèv, a gland, unvey, a membrane), a form of gastric fever, depending on disease of the mucous follicles. 4. The Ataxic (a, priv., ráşıs, order), or irregular fever, in which the brain and nervous system are chiefly affected. 5. The Adynamic (a, priv., dúvaμis, power), or fever characterized by prostration or depression of the vital powers. FEBURE'S LOTION. A celebrated remedy for cancer, consisting of ten grains of the white oxide of arsenic, dissolved in a pint of distilled water, to which were then added one ounce of the extractum conii, three ounces of the liquor plumbi subacetatis, and a drachm of laudanum. |