2. The Manks Bible, containing the Old and New Testament in one volume, 5000 copies.

3. The German Pocket Testament, 10,000 copies.

4. The Portuguese Testament, for, the use of Catholics, from the version of Antonio Pereira, (printed at Lisbon,) 5000 copies.

5. The Portuguese Testament, from the version of Joam Fereira de Almeida, (printed at Batavia,) 5000 copies.

6. The Arabic Psalter, from the version printed at Mount Lebanon, 3000 copies.

7. The Hindostanee New Testament, by Martyn, 5000 copies.

8. The Malay New Testament in the Roman character, 10,000 copies. 9. The ancient and modern Greek Testament, in parallel columns, 8000 copies.

10. The completion of the Syriac Gospels and Acts of the Apostles printed under the inspection of Dr Buchanan.

11. The Turkish New Testament at Paris, 5000 copies: Besides various editions of the English Scriptures, from the authorised presses. In addition to English Bibles and Testaments, the principal works now in course of preparation are,

1. The Portuguese Bible, from the version of Joam Fereira de Álmeida, 5000 copies.

2. The Malay Bible, in Roman character, 5000 copies.

3. The Malay Bible in the Arabic character, 5000 copies; and 5000 extra Testaments for the Netherlands Bible Society.

4. A new Translation of the Testament into Modern Greek, by an Archimandrite of Constantinople.

5. The Syriac Old Testament, 4000 copies quarto, to accompany the New Testament, already printed.

VOL. XII. PART II.

On Thursday the 20th of May the General Assembly of the Scottish Church was opened by the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Morton, his Majesty's High Commissioner; and on that and the following day the Assembly were occupied with the usual routine business. In truth, if we except Mr Anderson's case, which was that of a minister acting as factor or commissioner for the Duke of Gordon, the proceedings of this reverend body were, upon the present occasion, nearly destitute of any general interest. Mr Anderson's case was argued chiefly on points of form; the Presbytery having taken up his case in his absence, without citation, and the Synod having made a new case of it altogether. The Assembly were obviously much perplexed between what they felt to be due to the clerical character, and to those secular interests to which the clergy are as alive as the laity. All agreed in disapproving of a clergyman's engaging in such occupations as interfere with the proper discharge of his pastoral functions; but the difficulty of drawing the line between those occupations which are harmless and those which assume a different character seemed equally impressed on the venerable Court.

On Tuesday the 25th, a petition was read from Dr A. Small, minister of Stirling, appellant, against a sentence of the Synod of Perth and Stirling, of date the 20th of March preceding, allowing Dr Knox to tender a dissent and complaint against that part of the conduct of the Presbytery at their last meeting, when Dr Knox was present, in which they received and sustained a presentation and other papers, in favour of Mr Andrew Bullock to be minister of Alva, in respect there was no man.

date from the presentee produced, authorising any persons to lay these papers before the Presbytery. After hearing parties, and a short debate, it was finally agreed, without a vote, to sustain the appeal and reverse the sentence of the Synod.

On Wednesday the Assembly took into consideration a petition from Dr A. Small and Mr J. Dempster, members of the Presbytery of Stirling, dissenters and complainers against a sentence of the Presbytery, of date the 27th of April last, respecting the election of elders in the town and parish of Stirling. Another petition was also given in by three inhabitants of Stirling against the same sentence. Parties and their counsel being fully heard, and removed, a long debate took place, in the course of which Dr Inglis moved, To dismiss the complaint and appeal, and approve of the conduct of the Presbytery, but at the same time supersede the interlocutory judg. ment of the Presbytery appealed from, in order to the Assembly pronouncing a final judgment on the whole case: And the Assembly do accordingly express their high disapprobation of a selection of additional elders entirely out of the congregation of the East Church of Stirling, to the exclusion of that of the West Church; and appoint the kirk-session of Stirling forthwith to make such an election and ordination of elders as shall equalize the number of elders connected with each of the respective congregations. At the same time the General Assembly earnestly recommend to the Magistrates and Town-Council of Stirling, and all concerned, to consider whether measures ought not to be adopted for procuring a di. vision of the town and parish of Stir

ling into two separate parishes, each of which may be provided with a separate kirk-session." In the sequel this motion was carried by a great majority.

The report of the Committee on the means of education in great cities, and of religious instruction in jails, which was read on Friday, proved that the recent investigations in the South had not been lost upon the clergy of our national church. The report, however, discloses no new views. The Rev. Mr Douglas made some energetic and pointed remarks on the experiments sometimes made on the minds of criminals previous to execution. These were received with great impatience, and the speaker literally overwhelmed by clamour. An argument is not very conclusively answered by noise. Without meaning or intending that a criminal should be denied the consolations of religion at a moment when their support is peculiarly necessary, and, above all, when it imports his future welfare that he should be led to entertain correct notions of his past conduct, we hold that it is no less abhorrent to the genuine principles of religion, than dangerous to the well-being of society, that a felon should be encouraged in the idea that a late repentance may atone for a life of crime, and that eternal felicity follows such repentance as a matter of course. But we abstain from any further comment.

On Saturday the Assembly were occupied with mere business of routine during a considerable portion of the sitting; and on Monday (the 31st), after receiving the reports of various committees, and disposing of some other business, his Grace the Commissioner dissolved the Assembly in the usual manner.

FRANCE. In the beginning of the present year there was published at Paris, by M. le Comte Chaptal, a work entitled, "De l'Industrie Française," in which the ancien ministre de l'Interieur enumerates in detail both the sources and the products of French agricultural and commercial industry. From the cadastral operations and other data, M. Chaptal estimates the extent of territory yielding a revenue, in some shape or other, at 52,000,000 hectares; the gross average amount of the crop of all kinds (calculated from the mean of the 14 years immediately preceding) at 119,106,766 hectolitres; the wool, silk, and hemp raised at 81,763,422 kilogrammes; and the products of manufacturing and commercial industry at 1,820,102,409 francs.

The sequel of Denon's splendid work on Egypt, the first part of which appeared in 1809, and the second in 1811, having been recently published, we subjoin a synoptical view of its various and interesting contents.

The Description of Egypt consists of three parts:-1 Antiquities; 2. Modern State; 3. Natural History. In the first two, the places are de scribed according to their geographical position, in going from the south to the north, from the island of Philæ to the Mediterranean, and from the east to the west, from Pelusium to Alexandria. In the Natural History, the mineralogy has also been ar ranged from the south to the north. The Antiquities comprise all the monuments anterior to the conquest of Egypt by the Arabs: every thing that is posterior to that epoch is comprehended in the Modern State. Each of these three parts has several cor

responding volumes of plates and of text.

The first volume of Antiquities comprehends, independently of the island of Philæ, all the country situated between the last cataract and the city of Thebes; namely, Syene, Elephantina, Ombos, Selselch, Elethyia, Edfû, Esneh, and Erment. The second and third volumes are formed entirely of the antiquities of Thebes, and comprise all the papyri, paintings, and other subjects found in the sepulchral chambers. The fourth and fifth volumes contain the monuments situated below Thebes; namely, Dendera, Abydus, Antropolis, Hermopolis Magna, Antinoë, Fayoum, Memphis, the grottoes, and the rest of the Heptanomid; Lower Egypt, Heliopolis, Canopus, Alexandria, and Taposiris. To these are added the collections of hieroglyphics, inscriptions, medals, vases, statues, and other antiques.

The first volume of the Modern State comprehends Upper and Middle Egypt; Cairo and Lower Egypt, with the isthmus of Suez and the environs. The second volume comprises Alexandria, the collection of arts and trades, that of costumes and portraits, that of vases, household furniture, and instruments,and lastly, that of inscriptions, coins, and medals.

The two volumes of Natural History are composed of the mammiferæ, the birds, and the fishes of the Nile, of the Red Sea, and of the Mediterranean; of the insects of Egypt and Syria; of the vermes, mollusca, and zoophytes; of the plants; and of the rocks, simple minerals, and fossils of Egypt, and the peninsula of Mount Sinai.

The plates are distributed in the following order :--1. General and topographical plans; 2. Particular plans of edifices, sections, and elevations; 3. Details of architecture; 4. Bas-reliefs, paintings, statues, ornaments, &c. The total number of plates is eight hundred and forty, forming nine volumes, exclusively of the Geographical Atlas, in fifty sheets, forming a separate section.

"The Text is composed, 1. Of an historical preface, and of an explanation of the plates; forming a tenth volume of the same size as the engravings, that is, large atlas: 2. Of several volumes of descriptions and of memoirs, divided into three classes, corresponding to those of the plates, and distinguished, like them, by the title of Antiquities, Modern State, and Natural History. These volumes are all of the size of medium folio.

The Descriptions of the cities, and of the monuments, form as many chapters as there are places described or represented, and are arranged in the same order as the plates. Their object is to make known the ancient and the present state of the places described; and this exposition is accompanied by historical and geographical remarks.

The Memoirs consist of researches and dissertations on general or particular subjects; such as the physical state of Egypt, the history and geography of the country, legislation and manners, religion, language, astronomy, arts, and agriculture, among the ancient and modern Egyptians. These memoirs are placed one after the other without any determined order, like the Academical Collections.

According to "Recherches sur les Bibliothèques Anciennes et Modernes," &c. there are in Paris five

public libraries, besides about forty special ones. The Royal Library contains about 350,000 volumes of printed books, besides the same number of tracts, collected into volumes, and about 50,000 manuscripts; the Library of the Arsenal contains about 150,000 volumes, and 5000 manuscripts; the Library of St Genevieve about 110,000 volumes, and 2000 manuscripts; the Magazine Library, about 90,000 volumes, and 3437 manuscripts; and the City Library, about 15,000 volumes. In the provinces, the most considerable are those of Lyons 106,000; Bourdeaux 105,000; Aix 72,670; Besançon 53,000; Toulouse 50,000; Grenoble 42,000; Tours 30,000; Metz 31,000; Arras 34,000; Le Mans 41,000; Colmar 30,000; Versailles 40,000; Amiens 40,000. The total number of these libraries in France amounts to 273; of above 80 of these, the quantity of volumes is not known. From the data given in this work, it appears, therefore, that the grand total of those which are known, amounts to 3,345,287, of which there are 1,125,347 in Paris alone.

Count Volney has recently published an elementary work, under the title of "The European Alphabet applied to the Asiatic Languages." It is the sequel of another of his productions, entitled, " A Simplification of the Oriental Languages, or a new and ready Method of acquiring the Arabian, Persian, and Turkish Languages, by the means of European characters." With the Roman alphabet, and a few additional signs, the author proposes to express all the Asiatic idioms; and thus to facilitate literary researches into the languages, history, sciences, arts, and immense literary stores, of Asia.

This elementary work, which is dedicated to the Asiatic Society of Calcutta, is divided into five chap

ters, but may be more properly comprised in three parts, the first of which consists of definitions respecting the general system of sounds uttered, and the letters or signs intended to represent these sounds. In the second part, the author explains, and discusses all the vocal or tonic pronunciations employed in the languages of Europe. These are reduced to nineteen or twenty vowels, and twenty-two consonants, agreeing nearly with those of the richest of the Asiatic languages, particularly the Sanscrit. The twenty-five or twenty-six letters of the Roman alphabet are not sufficient to represent all the variations of the voice, at the same time that this alphabet possesses the great advantage of presenting the simplest forms, and also that of being employed throughout Europe, America, and the European colonies of Asia. Our author proposes to render it universal, by drawing from the basis itself of this well-known alphabet, the other simple signs necessary to pourtray foreign sounds. In the third part, M. Volney gives a practical exemplification of his theory, by applying it to the Arabic alphabet, that being one of the most complicated of the Asiatic alphabets; and after having analyzed this alphabet in all the processes of its formation, he resolves it entirely into the European characters, and others, equally simple, deduced from them. This process may be applied to the Turkish, Persian, Syriac, Hebrew, and Ethiopian languages, and even to the Sanscrit and Chinese.

M. Esquerol, physician of the Salpètriere at Paris, has published a pamphlet, describing the establishments for lunatics in France, and the means of ameliorating their condition. This writer expresses an honest indignation against the barbarous treatment almost universally exercised throughout the Depart

To as

ments on the unfortunate victims of insanity. Not only in France, but in England, and Germany, he has found them, he says, " lying on wet straw, in filthy infectious cells, without fresh air, or water to quench their thirst, loaded with irons, and driven about with blows, and scourges, like so many wild beasts." certain how far the ameliorations introduced into the asylums at Paris had been copied in the provincial establishments, the doctor made it his business to inspect personally all the houses for the reception of insane persons, throughout the kingdom. The present publication is but the programme of a larger treatise, wherein he intends to detail the observations made at each house, hospital, or prison, respectively; as also to institute a comparison of the usages in France with those of other countries, and especially of England.

The third and last part has lately appeared of L'Histoire d'Astronomie Ancienne, par M. Delambre, Perpetual Secretary to the Royal Academy of Sciences, &c. Ancient astronomy is generally supposed to have terminated with the school of Alexandria, and modern astronomy to have commenced with the era of Copernicus. M. Delambre deviates from this opinion, and commences his chronology of the middle age in the ninth century, and terminates it at the year 1579. Rejecting received authorities and dates, he computes his two extremes from the most ancient of the writings left by the Arabian astronomers, and the publication of a treatise on Astronomy by the geometer Vieta. The author first considers the astronomy of the Arabs, and other Orientals; then that of the Europeans; and lastly, the history of gnomonics. This history he brings down to the end of the seventeenth century. He differs from Bailly and others, as to the high antiquity of the