and the results of this tour were lithographed and published in the well-known work entitled, "Roberts' Sketches in the Holy Land, Syria, and Egypt." Between 1849 and 1855, he made several visits to Belgium, France, and Italy. Mr. Roberts, in 1858, was presented with the freedom of the city of Edinburgh, "in testimony of the appreciation of his high artistic talents, and of the lustre which his works have shed on his native city." It has been said of him :-"His name will justly occupy a foremost place in the British school of architectural and landscape painting. His mastery of effect and breadth of treatment in interiors was very great, though it must be admitted that they sometimes savoured of the trick of stage decoration, to which, during so many years, his hand had been applied. His paintings in oil numbered about two hundred and sixty, those in water-colours, not including sketches innumerable, amounted to five times that number. A collection of seventy-three oil paintings and sketches, and eight hundred water-colour drawings and sketches, which were found in his studio after his death, were exhibited during some months (1865) at the Architectural Gallery in Conduit Street, and afterwards sold at Christie's and Manson's, producing, collectively, upwards of sixteen thousand pounds.

Mr. Roberts, throughout his life, kept copious journals, in which he included pen sketches of all his pictures as they left his studio, the date of their exhibition, name of their purchasers, and the price which he received for them." He continued to work to the last; and died suddenly in November, 1864.

William Bonnar, a distinguished portrait painter, was born in Edinburgh in 1800. He produced a large number of fine pictures, some of which have been engraved and widely circulated. He died in 1853.

Thomas Duncan was born in 1807, at Kinclaven, Perthshire, and educated at Perth. He early manifested an inclination for drawing such objects as struck his fancy; but his parents ignored this, and placed him in the office of a writer, with whom he completed the period of his engagement. At last his father consented to let him follow his own taste; and he proceeded to Edinburgh and placed himself under Sir William Allan, then the head of the Scottish Academy. Duncan's talent speedily developed, and soon outstripped all his competitors in the most difficult department-the drawing of the human figure.

His first picture that attracted public attention was the "Milk

maid," and shortly after he exhibited "Old Mortality" and "The Braw Wooer." The exact drawing, fine feeling, and masterly execution of those early works gave high promise of future excellence. From this time his improvement was remarkable, insomuch as to secure to him the position of professor of colour in the Edinburgh Academy, and subsequently the chair of drawing in this school. In 1810 he sent to the Royal Academy of England his fine work, "Prince Charles Edward and the Highlanders entering Edinburgh after the battle of Prestonpans." The following year he exhibited a touching picture from the ballad of Auld Robin Gray, called "The Waefu' Heart," the next year "Deer Stalking," and in 1843 "Charles Edward asleep after the battle of Culloden, protected by Flora Macdonald." He was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1843. He died in May, 1845, at the early age of thirtyeight. Had his life been prolonged, he would have attained a high position in historic painting. As a colourist he had few superiors.

In

William Simson was born at Dundee in 1800, and received his education in art at the Trustees' Academy in Edinburgh. In the early part of his career, his works consisted mostly of small coast scenes, sketched on the shores of Leith and Fife. But, in 1829, he executed a large picture entitled, "The Twelfth of August;" the next year, "Highland Deer Stalkers," and "Sportsmen Regaling." After this, for some years he was engaged in portrait painting. 1835, he visited Italy, where he remained three years. He returned in 1838, settled in London, and at the opening of the Royal Academy, in Trafalgar Square, exhibited two pictures. Amongst the long list of his works may be mentioned, "Mary Queen of Scots and her retinue returning from the chase to the Castle of Stirling," exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1841;""The murder of the two Princes in the Tower," exhibited at the British Institution in 1842; and "The arrest of William Tell," which contains many figures. His works are characterised by imaginative power and excellent colouring; some of his portraits are very fine. He died in London in 1847.

Sir John W. Gordon was born in Edinburgh in 1788, and studied art at the Trustees' Academy, under Mr. Graham,11 for four years.

11 Graham is reported to have been a warm-hearted and kindly man, and it is evident that he was a very successful teacher of art; from the large number of his pupils who attained distinction, he seems to have had the faculty of arousing the enthusiasm of his scholars. He left some specimens of his own paintings in

His aspiration ran towards historic painting, and he worked in this line for some time; but finding that it would not pay, turned his attention to portrait painting. On the death of Sir William Allan, in 1850, Gordon was elected to succeed him as president of the Royal Scottish Academy. In short, at this time he was considered one of the foremost living portrait painters in Scotland. He produced many portraits, some of them of well-known public men. He died at Edinburgh in 1864.

William Dyce was born at Aberdeen in 1806; his father was a physician, and a fellow of the Royal Society. He was educated at Marischal College, and graduated M. A. at the age of sixteen. afterwards studied art in the Edinburgh Academy; and before he was twenty, visited London, and became a probationer in the Royal Academy; but being dissatisfied with the method of instruction, he did not enter as a student. He proceeded to Rome, and studied from works of the Roman and Tuscan schools. In 1826, he returned to Scotland; but the following year he again visited Rome, and studied early Christian art. On returning home in 1830, he settled in Edinburgh, where he resided eight years. But having failed to obtain sufficient encouragement in historic painting, he had recourse to portraiture. He sometimes exhibited pictures at the Royal Scottish Academy, of which he was elected an associate in 1835.

In 1837, he published a pamphlet on the Management of Schools of Design, recently established by the Government, and in which he proposed a scheme for the improvement of the Trustees' Academy in Edinburgh. It presented a statement of perhaps the most complete scheme of art education then known in this country, which made him known to the Government. He was appointed superintendent and secretary to that branch of the Board of Trade which had charge. of the new schools. Commissioned by the Government, he instituted a careful examination of the Continental systems of art instruction, and his report, with some modifications, was adopted as a text-book for several years. In 1842, he was appointed inspector of the his "Death of General Fraser," and the "Death of David Rizzio." Graham was a North countryman, and was originally a coach-painter; nevertheless, by his teaching he gave a greater impulse to the culture of art in Scotland than any man of his time.

Another name deserves to be mentioned: James S. Stewart was born in Edinburgh in 1791, studied under Graham at the Trustees' Academy; and he became one of the most distinguished engravers of his time. He died at the Cape of Good Hope in May, 1863.

provincial schools, but he resigned this office in 1845. He lectured on the theory of the fine arts in King's College, London; he is also the author of many essays on art and allied subjects.

His paintings are pretty numerous, and some of them are highly finished and greatly esteemed. He also executed decorative work in churches, and in some of the royal palaces. As an artist, his designs were well conceived, the attitude of his figures graceful, and the expression apt and pathetic. He died in 1864, in the fifty-eighth year of his age.

Sir George Harvey was born at St. Ninian's, near Stirling, in 1806. He was first apprenticed to a bookseller in Stirling, but he devoted his leisure hours to art. At the age of eighteen, he entered the Trustees' Academy in Edinburgh, where he studied two years. He was imbued with Puritan sentiments, and has done ample justice to that side of the national character, by depicting the earnestness and energy of the Covenanters. He produced his "Covenanting

Preachers" in 1830; "Covenanters' Communion," 1840; "Sabbath Evening," 1841; and his "Battle of Drumclog," 1836, in which he represented, with remarkable effect, the aspects of a hand-to-hand struggle. In a different style his "Highland Funeral" appeared in 1844; and his "First Reading of the Bible in the Crypt of St. Paul's" in 1846, which among his many other successful pictures has been engraved. He was elected President of the Royal Scottish Academy in 1864. He died on the 22nd of January 1876.

Robert S. Lauder was born near Edinburgh in 1803, and early manifested a taste for art. He entered the Trustees' Academy in the year 1818, and prosecuted his studies for four years. After this, he went to London, and for three years practised drawing in the British Museum, and embraced every opportunity of improving his taste and knowledge. He returned to Edinburgh in 1826, and was elected an associate of the Royal Institution. In 1833, he visited the Continent, and remained abroad five years, the greater part of which he spent in Italy. He studied intently at Rome, Florence, Venice, and Bologna, returning in 1838, and afterwards residing in London till 1849.

In 1849, he exhibited his "Bride of Lammermoor" in the Royal Academy; and subsequently exhibited other pictures which were readily purchased. The leading characteristics of his pictures which at once attract the eye, are his rich and tasteful colour, and admirable management of light and shade. He died on the 22nd of April 1869.

David Scott was born in Edinburgh in 1806. His father was a landscape engraver, and he learned the rudiments of his art from the prints, scraps, and sketches, lying in all corners of the house. While very young, he engraved illustrations for various works; and soon after turned his attention to painting. In 1832, he proceeded through France to Italy, where he visited every city in any way remarkable for its art collections. He stayed in Rome about a year, painted a number of small pictures, and one large picture entitled, "Family Discord-the Household God destroyed." He returned home in the spring of 1834, and the next year he was elected a member of the Royal Scottish Academy. The following are a few of his works:-"Nimrod the Mighty Hunter;" "Wallace defending Scotland; "Mary Queen of Scots receiving her death warrant;" "Jane Shore found dead in the street;""Merry Wives of Windsor, played before Queen Elizabeth ;""Christ in the Garden;""Peter the Hermit addressing the Crusaders." Many of his other large pictures and also his small ones are representations and illustrations of very interesting subjects.

He also aspired to literary distinction. He is the author of a series of papers on the characteristics of the great masters of painting, which were published in Blackwood's Magazine in 1840. He also wrote a few pieces of verse and several tales. He died in the month of March, 1849.

Horatio MacCulloch was born in Glasgow in 1806, where he received his first instruction in painting from Mr. Knox, a landscape painter of some reputation. He was a diligent student of nature, as seen in the scenery on the banks of the Clyde, the Kelvin, the Cart, and the wilder regions of the Western Highlands. He afterwards removed to Edinburgh, and exhibited at the Royal Scottish Academy in 1829 "A View of the Clyde." His pictures readily obtained purchasers, and he was elected an associate of the Royal Scottish Academy in 1834, and a full member in 1838. He has long been recognised in Scotland as one of the leading painters of local scenery of his time. He died in 1867.

Alexander Johnston was born in Edinburgh in 1815; and studied art in the Trustees' Academy. He afterwards went to London, and studied under Hilton in the Royal Academy. He began pretty early to exhibit his pictures, and gradually attained a good position. In 1842 he exhibited at the British Museum his " Braw Wooers " and "The landing of Jeanie Deans at Roseneath," and "The Cove