belong to Francoso, a notoriously lawless district, and frightened the Foz people into supplying them with food, by telling them they think no more of killing a man who offends them, than of wringing the neck of a chicken, but they did not commit any

violence. While Saldanha was at Oliveira d’Azemais, we saw the rebel army march out of the city, as was said, to attack him; but, in reality, merely to exercise the men. There were, at the utmost, six thousand, consisting of national guards, police, students, Francosos, municipal guards, &c. The national guards and police were respectably dressed. Their nominal uniform is brown, with a red cord on the collar and cuffs, down the trousers, and round the cap, but few wore it. They probably considered it wiser to have no distinguishing costume, in case of wishing to run away, for they are all merchants and shopkeepers. A few officers, too fat to walk, were on horseback. The artizans, such as smiths, tailors, shoemakers, &c., form another batallion. One regiment wore white trousers and cross-belts, another black trousers and white cross-belts, so that they looked tolerably uniform at a distance. The Miguelite General Povoas, Sa Bandeira, and the republican Antas, with other generals, rode together, the last-named a little apart, bowing in all directions, like a sovereign anxious to gain popularity. There were no vivas, nor other manifestations of feeling of any sort. Three men were flogged publicly in the city on the previous day, and two at Villa Nova, for attempting, it was said, to induce the troops to return to their allegiance. Two of them died during the night. Although there were wars, and rumours of wars, there was a great deal of social intercourse among the foreigners, and we enjoyed a very pleasant ball given by the officers of the Polyphemus, on board their ship, and another one was afterwards given by the officers of the Gladiator.

On the 27th of March, we witnessed the embarkation of the expedition to the Algarve, under Sa Bandeira. The men were accompanied to the river's side by their wives and daughters weeping bitterly, some of them surrounding the general, accusing him of an intention to destroy them in some strange land across the sea, and asking who was to feed them when their protectors were gone. He pacified them by giving orders that all should receive rations while the troops were away. One poor woman threw herself into the river when her husband embarked, and was nearly drowned. A Portuguese lady, however, told us that she suspected the soldiers' wives showed more grief than they really felt, as it is a common practice with the fishermen when they return home to inquire if their wives screamed much when they went away, and, if the neighbours say no, that they grow jealous and beat them. I'he fish-wives certainly at times exhibit

very strong marks of affection for their lords. This expedition formed the nucleus of the insurgent army in the south, which soon afterwards had a very severe action with the Conde Vinhaes, in which many of the poor fellows were killed. We had a Portuguese blockading squadron off the bar for some months, but, notwithstanding, vessels got in and out without much difficulty, though occasionally fired at. One evening one of the squadron, a fine corvette, signalised that she would join the junta, and directly crossed the bar under a salute from the castle and neighbouring batteries, while the road along the river was alive with people on horseback and foot, appearing to be wild with delight at the

Oct. --VOL. LXXXI, NO. CCCXXII.

L

prospect of a termination to the blockade. The crew had risen on the officers, and confined all but one or two who had been seduced from their duty. Notwithstanding the defeat of their forces in the south (which they pretended not to believe), and that England had commenced her threatened interference, the junta still held out and declared that they feared no force the minister of the queen could send against them, and even Colonel Wylde's persuasions had no effect ; in fact, they have been such unscrupulous robbers, right and left, and are so completely at the mercy of the populace, that they dared not give up the contest without first securing their own personal safety. The city of Oporto every day becoming in a more disorganised condition, and threatened on one side by Saldanha's army, on the other by the Spaniards, and seaward by the English, was no longer (should the junta prove obstinate) a safe residence for ladies.

On the 29th of May a considerable body of well-appointed troops, under the command of Das Antas, embarked on board the junta vessels, with the professed object of making an attack on Lisbon. No sooner did the rebel expedition get outside than they were surrounded by the British squadron, and sent off to Lisbon, doubtless to the very great satisfaction of Das Antas, who thus easily got out of the scrape, to reserve himself for a future opportunity to carry out his projects. The interference of England was a blow to the rebellion from which it could not recover. Although the cry of “ Morram as Inglezes” has been occasionally heard, none of the few English who remained have been in the slightest degree annoyed, and the streets were placarded with an address calling upon the Portuenses to abstain from injuring those English who have trusted to their friendship Day after day the rebels held out against the queen, and Passos, haranguing the populace in the Rua Nova, reminded them how Dom Pedro, with less than 7000 men, defended Oporto against 60,000, while they, having better fortifications, might hope to withstand any army that might come against them.

All lovers of peace were beginning to hope that affairs would be arranged without further bloodshed, when, on the 2nd of July, Saldanha, being close to the city on one side and the Spaniards on the other, we were startled by hearing the people crying out that the city was attacked; the alarm-bells ringing and the bugles calling to arms, cannon thundering along the streets, and regiments of the Patulea hurrying in fighting order to the lines. Saldanha it appeared had thrown out some skirmishers who had driven in the pickets at Villa Nova. Before twelve o'clock a captain and some men were killed, and a number of wounded were brought in. In the centre of the city several regiments with artillery were drawn up as a reserve, while the batteries were crowded with spectators. On the southern banks of the river numerous parties were popping at each other from among the walls and hedges.

the walls and hedges. One Patulea party of about fifty men occupied a loop-holed wall near an open space, with some ruined houses on one side. From the cover of these ruins they were firing at some royalist caçadores, who occupied a house and gardenwall in front, in which, towards the evening, they also made loop-holes, firing from thence and from the windows very briskly. One man, ensconced in a corner, deliberately fired upwards of twenty shots. They all the time were at intervals visited by shot and shell from the Serra

on their

and Gaia batteries, which, with the assistance of the musketry, considerably dilapidated the house. Further to the east were two parties firing at each other across a garden filled with beautiful carnations, and shrubs, and flowers of every hue, and near St. Christovão, among the hedges and trees, were smaller parties busily engaged. Sometimes one man would wait his opportunity under cover, fire, and then sail across an open space to take up a fresh position, while numbers of Saldanha's men and other spectators were lounging about out of gun-shot, and every garret-window in Oporto was occupied by a telescope. Saldanha gained his point, which was to drive in the Patulea picket, and to obtain possession of the heights above Villa Nova.

On the Sunday following, although negotiations were actually then in progress, there was some heavy firing along the line of batteries to the south, but in the evening the townspeople went out to visit the different Spanish camps in the neighbourhood, and unarmed Spaniards were seen lounging about the city at night ; till musket-shots, followed by a volley, were heard, and some heavy guns began to play, and then commenced a tremendous uproar, bells ringing, bugles calling to arms, musketry popping, big guns thundering, cavalry galloping, women shrieking, and cries of “Fly, fly ; here they come !"

Of course it was thought that the city was stormed by the Spaniards, and several of the poor people in the neighbourhood rushed into the houses to beg for shelter. In an hour all was quiet, when it appeared that a Patulea sentinel, suddenly waking from a nap, had fired on two butchers

way to the public slaughter-house situated among the rocks to the north of the city, mistaking them for Spaniards who had cut him off. The cause was ridiculous, but the sound of warfare thus suddenly striking the ear in the still hour of night, while the calm pale moon was shining on the city, was highly exciting.

There is no doubt that the junta were very anxious to get out of the affair, but their great difficulty lay in disarming their rabble forces, and they feared to become themselves the victims of those they had so long misguided for their own selfish ambition. Even while Bernardino was conferring with General Concha, a shot from one of the batteries killed a Spanish soldier, and the only excuse Bernardino could offer was that the junta could not always control the people. One day, indeed, the Patulea manned the Victoria

battery on the north of the river, and amused themselves by systematically firing at the queen’s troops, sending boys about with a measure to beg for old shot preserved in the neighbouring houses since the siege.

On the 30th, the treaty being arranged, several cartloads of arms were collected, and the Spanish army, in long glittering files, encircled the city, occupying every redoubt and battery. At 4 P.M. the main body, about 3000 strong, marched in by the Lapa Church, its bells ringing joyously while they formed in the square of St. Ovidio. What a contrast they presented to the Patulea! Every one of them were young and picked men, in full uniform, white gloves, trousers, and gaiters, their muskets highly polished, their knapsacks of hide with the hair on, cartouche boxes white, and their great coats with a covering of blue and white stripes. The cavalry amounted to 250, and looked pretty well, but the artillery excited most interest, as each gun, its carriage, and ammunition, was carried on the backs of separate mules of enormous size and strength, and attended by fine young men six feet high, in dark blue and crimson uniforms.

The commissariat department contained 1500 beasts, 360 of which were loaded with ham and bacon. They brought their flour and made their own bread, and many had loaves strapped on to their packs. Little did the rebels think whom they talked of resisting. On Sunday morning the Spanish army heard mass in the square of St. Ovidio, where an altar was placed for the purpose, and at the elevation of the Host, they all, to the number of 6000, knelt down in the most reverential way. They are in a very perfect state of discipline, and if a thief is discovered among them, he is immediately shot. Two were thus executed for robbery on this Sunday. I observed a party of men drawn up to prepare for a grand review, to take place in the afternoon. The coat of their officers was covered with orders: the men were called over by name, and their packs and epaulettes adjusted by the officer, who looked as if he was kneading them into shape. They have behaved very well, and ingratiated themselves much with the Portuguese.

On the 7th, Saldanha, at the head of his army, entered the city. The streets were strewn with flowers and decorated with flags : troops were drawn up on each side, rockets innumerable were let off

, “vivas” were given, bells rang, and the bands who a few days before had played the song of “ Maria da Fonte,” now played the hymn of their lawful sovereign. First came a squadron of lancers, then Saldanha, Concha, and their glittering staffs, followed by 500 well mounted cavalry, and then the infantry, about 6500 strong, headed by Cazal and General Misquita, while bouquets and flowers were showered on their heads, as they marched on their

way

to hear mass. What a contrast does Oporto present to what it did a few days ago! The streets are now crowded with carriages, horses, and officers and men, in gay uniforms of every hue and shape, civilians bustling about in every direction, trade in full activity, the river crowded with shipping, and people, who had not been seen for months, appearing again in public. The friends of Cabral are again in power. In fact, the Queen of Portugal has been placed by her allies exactly in the same position she enjoyed before the rebellion. That she and the king will do their utmost to merit the assistance afforded them I am fully assured, and entreat my countrymen, if they have a spark of chivalry and generosity in their composition, not to believe the base falsehoods which have been circulated to her disparagement by her enemies. Such was the state of affairs when I quitted the lovely and romantic shores of Lusitania, with a sincere affection for her inhabitants, and a deep regret that there is so slight a prospect of her enjoying any continuation of peace and prosperity.*

It was fortunate that the waiting room was entirely deserted save by one single drowsy domestic, who scarcely opened his eyes when we entered, for this circumstance gave the page

time to compose

himself and conceal the agitation under which he laboured. Scarcely had he seated himself, and wiped the drops of perspiration from his brow, grasping the basket, however, with one hand, fearing even to deposit it on the bench where he was seated, when his majesty entered. It was well for the boy that the activity he was in duty bound to display covered in some measure his confusion, for I have since learnt that Frederic was a terrible reader of countenances, and would have guessed the guilt of the poor page upon the testimony of his features alone, if he had but paused to examine them, but he was in haste to enter, and seizing the basket from the hand of the page, without waiting for the etiquette of introduction, he opened the door with his own royal hand and entered. I almost felt as if I could have leapt from my confinement, so great was my joy at again beholding all these well remembered scenes. We traversed the Salon de Reception. It had remained the very same. The bed-chamber, too, with its blue damask hangings and white fringes--the toilet all of rich lace and bugle trimmings, which I used to gaze at through the open door, while

my beloved mistress was undergoing the various mysteries of comb and powder-puff at the hand of her maid—it was unaltered. The aspect of all these things so excited me, that when we arrived at the door of the boudoir, I felt that my delight could scarcely be increased even by the contemplation of the heavenly countenance I had so longed to see. The door opened, and once more I was within the walls of the little boudoir where I had known so many happy hours. My first eager glance through the open wickers of the basket was in search of the princess. I beheld her at a distance, lying at full length on a couch in the angle of the chimney. The king had entered without knocking, like one who neither fears repulse nor cares to offend, and he paused before he advanced, perhaps with the fancy that the princess might be sleeping. It would, indeed, have appeared so on first inspection, for she lay quite motionless, but her eyes were unclosed, and at the noise of the opening door, she turned them in that direction, but did not rise or take any further notice of the entrance of his majesty, as if the circumstance had struck upon her outward sense but conveyed no impression to her brain. The king advanced a step or two into the room, and said, in a low voice,

“Come, sister, love, rouse yourself. See, I bring news that will give you pleasure. Rise, dearest, see what a splendid day-every thing is smiling —and I have brought with me two old friends you will, I think, be glad to see.'

The princess had raised herself slightly at the first sound of her brother's voice. She had started to her feet when he had spoken of the joyful news,