whose personal knowledge of several portions of these countries was derived from a residence in the Levant in 1831, 1832, 1833, and whose manuscripts, most liberally and obligingly communicated, have served as a valuable foundation for a laborious comparison of the highest authorities of the past, and of the most recent publications of the day. Among the various authors consulted have been Tournefort, Clarke, Hobhouse, Hope, Holland, Morrit, Leake, Gell, Pashley, Wordsworth, Hamilton, Walsh, Arundel, Giffard, Urquhart, Knight, Best, and the recent highly interesting labours of Fellows. To the information supplied by them, and by the classic authors, have been added the details of Constantinople and the Bosphorus, now for the first time selected for the English reader from the learned labours of Baron von Hammer, in his work on "Constantinople and the Bosphorus." This Second Edition has been still further enriched by many valuable communications from recent travellers, who have compared, verified, and corrected, when necessary, the statements of the First Edition on the spot. It is hoped that this example will continue to be followed by all travellers who may have occasion to use the present work; for it is only by the results of many observations, and by a careful comparison of the statements of successive travellers, that a Guide Book can be made complete. The Editor, therefore, entreats the traveller's indulgence, whilst soliciting the communication of any information calculated to rectify errors or supply defects. In all cases it will be desirable to specify the pages of the Handbook to which such corrections or additions apply.

In some portions of Asia Minor which have been very little traversed, the routes have been selected from the notes of travellers who, not having written with the specific object of guiding others, have dwelt with less distinctness on the details

of distances.

In all such cases the intervals have been marked

by the tract of country traversed each successive day.

The interesting and important discoveries of Mr. Fellows in the S. W. corner of Asia Minor deserve especial mention, since that enterprising and observing traveller has opened out to the investigation of Europeans a new country, with vast ruined cities previously known only by name, and many of them not even by name, enriched with the noblest specimens of architecture and sculpture, some of them dating from the first period of Greek art. The discovery of the vast ruined cities of Selge, Ezani, Sagalassus, Side, Xanthus, Tlos, and Telmessus, was among the results of his first journey. Mr. Fellows has since found seven more cities, chiefly situated in the province of Lycia; Pinara, Arycanda, Caryanda, Sidyma, Massicitus, Calymda, and Gaga, which had been lost for twenty centuries, all abounding in noble edifices and other works of art. The route followed in the first journey is that contained in Routes 100 and 101 of this volume, and the information they contain is chiefly derived from Mr. Fellows' most interesting work, "An Excursion in Asia Minor." Another work of great value, the possession of which is indispensable to the traveller, is Mr. Hamilton's "Travels in Asia Minor,". a work remarkable for its research and for its minute scientific examination of a difficult but most interesting country. The portion of this Handbook which describes the ground visited by Mr. Hamilton has been obligingly revised by that gentleman, whose notes and corrections will no doubt make it most acceptable to the future traveller.