Common Sense: The Foundations for Social ScienceF. L. van Holthoon, David R. Olson University Press of America, 1987 - 375 páginas Common sense involves not only the basic beliefs of a particular society but also the fundamental presuppositions of all human knowledge. Because it is both, it continues to bear the marks of ambiguity which characterized its use in the Enlightenment. But it is important to notice that any attempt at the specialization or extension of knowledge makes some assumptions about common sense plays either the role of the conservative voice which must be criticized and replaced by a more disciplined form of inquiry or it is the liberating view which may be used in the criticism, reform, and the eventual restructuring of some dominating and specialized world view. All this is particularly pertinent to the contributors to this volume who are internationally known representatives of the major branches of the social sciences for all of whom common sense is intimately related to their more formal social science inquiries. Volume VI in the Sources in Semiotics Series. |
Índice
Common Sense An Introduction | 1 |
The Uses of Common Sense | 2 |
Common Sense in Philosophy | 6 |
Common Sense in History | 7 |
Common Sense in Society | 9 |
Common Sense in Psychology | 11 |
Concluding Comments | 12 |
References | 14 |
On the Historical Change of Social Distributions of Knowledge | 192 |
Science Versus Common Sense? | 193 |
Rationalization of Common Sense? | 195 |
References | 197 |
Common Sense and Social Structure A Sociological View | 199 |
Functions of Common Sense | 202 |
The appeal function | 203 |
Social Structure and Common Sense | 204 |
Common Sense From Certainty to Happiness | 17 |
The Wheel of Commonsense Senses | 19 |
Certainty | 21 |
Happiness | 25 |
References | 33 |
Foundationalism and Common Sense | 35 |
Foundationalist Formula | 37 |
Criticisms | 39 |
Characterizations | 43 |
Criteria | 49 |
References | 54 |
Common Sense and Perception in the Philosophy of G E Moore | 55 |
Judgments of Perception | 57 |
The Analysis of Judgments of Perception | 65 |
The Limits of Phenomenological Analysis | 75 |
Conclusion | 76 |
References | 80 |
Sensus Communis in the Works of M Tullius Cicero | 83 |
Ciceros Career | 84 |
The Speeches | 86 |
His Works on Rhetoric | 89 |
The Philosophical Works | 91 |
Cicero as a Writer of Classical Latin | 92 |
Postscript | 94 |
References | 96 |
Common Sense and Natural Law From Thomas Aquinas to Thomas Reid | 99 |
A Prologue | 100 |
Common Sense Natural Law and Scepticism | 102 |
Postscript | 111 |
References | 113 |
Common Sense Between Bacon and Vico Scepticism in England and Italy | 115 |
References | 131 |
Enlightenment and the Decay of Common Sense | 133 |
References | 150 |
The Common Sense of Rousseau | 155 |
Emiles Education | 156 |
Common Sense and the Achievement Motive | 158 |
The Ideal State | 159 |
Rousseau on the Social Contract | 161 |
Emile and his Social Contract Rousseau on Common Sense | 164 |
Emile and Sophie | 166 |
The Common Sense of Rousseau | 168 |
On the Influence of Rousseau | 169 |
Rethinking Rousseaus Message | 172 |
References | 175 |
Some Thoughts on Common Sense and Science | 179 |
On the Structures of Subjective Knowledge | 182 |
On the Structure of Social Stocks of Knowledge | 185 |
Simple Social Distribution of Knowledge | 186 |
Complex Social Distributions of Knowledge | 189 |
Power | 207 |
Institutions | 208 |
Social sciences | 209 |
Summary and Conclusion | 210 |
Comparison to Other Concepts of Common Sense | 213 |
Common Sense from a CriticalHistorical Perspective | 217 |
The Dialectic of Commonsense Knowledge and Expert Knowledge | 221 |
The Problem of the Enlightenment Synthesis | 223 |
Enlightenment Thinking and the Ideology of Common Sense | 225 |
Marx and the Critique of Bourgeois Ideology | 226 |
The German Ideology | 227 |
Knowledge and Human Interests | 228 |
Democracy and Critical Common Sense | 231 |
References | 233 |
Common Sense and Common Convictions | 235 |
Sociology as a Science | 236 |
Phenomenological Sociology | 239 |
The Hermeneutical Point of View | 257 |
Description and Practical Reflection | 267 |
References | 272 |
Commonsense Mentalism and Psychological Theory | 277 |
The Faces of Commonsense Mentalism | 278 |
Smedslund on Commonsense Psychology | 281 |
The pure and the empirical | 284 |
Reconstructing the core of psychological theory | 289 |
Description and ascription | 291 |
References | 295 |
The Structure of Commonsense Reasoning About Personal Causality The Case of Avoiding Blame | 297 |
Subjective Competence Theory | 298 |
Structure | 299 |
Motivation | 304 |
Applications of the Theory to Four Examples | 307 |
The computer did it | 310 |
Childrens verbal exchanges | 314 |
Conclusion | 316 |
References | 318 |
Schooling and the Transformation of Common Sense | 319 |
Transformations in the structure of knowledge | 330 |
Transformation in the structure and the functions of language | 332 |
Transformations in the attitude to knowledge and personal competence | 336 |
| 341 | |
Common Sense and Scientific Thinking | 345 |
Two Ways of Thinking | 347 |
Commonsense Thinking | 348 |
Scientific Thinking | 351 |
References | 358 |
| 361 | |
| 367 | |
Otras ediciones - Ver todo
Common Sense: The Foundations for Social Science F. L. van Holthoon,David R. Olson Vista de fragmentos - 1987 |
Términos y frases comunes
18th Century action analysis argument Argument from Illusion attribution basic beliefs behavior body of knowledge causal Century certainty Cicero claim cognitive common knowledge common sense commonsense beliefs commonsense knowledge commonsense mentalism commonsense propositions commonsense reasoning commonsense view concept of common critical critique culture Direct Realism Durkheim effect Emile empirical Enlightenment epistemological everyday example existence experience expression fact foundational foundationalism foundationalist function G. E. Moore Habermas hermeneutics historical human intellectual interaction interest judgments of perception Kant kind language Luckmann means Moore Moore's moral natural law negative notion object one's particular perceived phenomenological sociology philosophers positive practical principles problem psychology question rationality reality reference Rousseau scepticism Schutz scientific sociology sense-datum sensus communis Smedslund social group social science social stock social world society solidarity specialized knowledge stock of knowledge structure subjective competence term theoretical theory Thomas Aquinas Thomas Luckmann tion true truth typifications understanding universal