The Arabs and Mediaeval Europe

Abu Mashar ad-Din Adelard Albert of Aix Alfonso Annales Arab sources Arab World Arabs and Europeans Aristotle army astrologer attack attitude Baybars Cairo Caliph canon capture chansons Christ Christian Chronicle church common contemporary court Cronica crusading culture East Egypt Emperor enemy Ernoul Eulogio Europe example fact faith fighting Frankish Franks Frederick Fulcher Gesta Gesta Francorum Greek Guibert Haskins holy Ibn Rushd Ibn Sina ideas interest Islam Jerusalem Jews Joinville killed King knights later Latin learned less London Lord Lucera martyrdom martyrs mediaeval Mediterranean MGH Ss Middle Ages mosques Muhammad Muslim natural Norman pagans papal Paris perhaps philosophers pilgrims polemic Pope prisoners Prophet Quran Raymund religion religious Ricoldo Roman rulers Saladin Saracens seems sense Sicily society Spain Spanish story Sultan things thirteenth century thought Toledo trade tradition translation Tripoli twelfth century William of Tyre women writers