10 P. Ohe! D. Visus sum. P. Ehodum, bone vir, quid ais? viden' me consiliis tuis Miserum impeditum esse? D. At jam expediam. P. Expedies? D. Certe, Pamphile. P. Nempe ut modo. D. Imo melius, spero. P. Oh, tibi ego Tu rem impeditam et perditam restituas? hem! quo fretus sim, 15 An non dixi hoc esse futurum? D. Dixti. P. Quid meritus ? D. Crucem. Sed sine paululum ad me redeam: jam aliquid dispiciam. P. Cum non habeo spatium, ut de te sumam supplicium, ut volo ! Nec quid me;] Ti. e. quid de me faciam, scio. id ago] This I am seeking; namely, to find out what I am to do. D. 10. AN IAMBIC TETRAMETER CATALECTIC.Ohe!] Abhorrence and disgust on seeing Davus. Ehodum, bone vir,] This courteous address is irony and sarcasm. 11. impeditum] Involved, and cast, as it were, into fetters. Hence the baggage of an army, with which the soldier is loaded, is called impedimenta. R. D. T The contrary is expedire. Compare Hec. iii. 1. 17. 12. ut modo.] ¶ Scil. expediisti; i. e. not extricate me at all, but, on the contrary, involve me. tibi] ¶ You, who have proved how little trustworthy you are. ego] ¶ I, who have had costly experience of your villany. ut credam,] Scil. vis, or postulas, ut. R. D. furcifer?] One who, for a slight offence, was compelled by his master, more by way of disgrace than punishment, to carry a fork on his neck through the vicinity, his hands being tied to it, and to proclaim his fault, and warn others. D. 13. Tu] ¶ Emphatic, as tibi in preceding line. 14. conjecisti] See iii. 4. 23. 15. TROCHAIC TETRAMETERS CATALECTIC. -An non dixi] Where he says: "ut ab illa excludar, hac concludar." E. Quid meritus ? D. Crucem.] According to Athenian custom. Culprits, found guilty, were asked, what punishment they deemed their due; and the higher they professed to estimate the debt of vengeance, the more likely was it for the judges to bend to pity. Whence Socrates exasperated the tribunal to condemn him to death, for he replied to this usual question by demanding support in the Prytaneum, as a reward, so far was he from naming a punishment. N. 16. ad me redeam:] Recover my mind from its confusion. The contrary is, "exire ex se." R. D. See ii. 4. 5. ¶ Ut is understood between sine and "redeam." dispiciam.] Dispicere is, to search for counsel; despicere, to look downwards. D. 17. de te sumam] ¶ See note, Heaut. i, 1. 86. He naturally laments this: as revenge is one of the most grateful boons, which can be presented to the irritated mind of despair. 18. Namque hoc tempus] So Virg. Æn. i. 139. "Sed motos præstat componere fluctus;" and here is syllepsis: for the time, the one; cogit "" "sinit the other. D. Since sinit disturbs the sense, boldly put monet. B. However, such idioms are frequent. Instance the passage quoted by Rhunken: Cic. ad Attic. x. 3. "fortunam quidem ipsam, qua illi florentissima, nos duriore, conflictati videmur." Where "conflictari" cannot be joined with "florentissima" fortuna; for we say "uti florentissima fortuna." However, even this explanation is not necessary here. See my translation. HOCINE est credibile, aut memorabile, 5 Idne est verum? imo id est genus hominum pessimum, in Et timent: et tamen res premit denegare. 10 Ibi tum eorum impudentissima oratio est : Quis tu es? quis mihi es? cur meam tibi? heus, CHARINUS having heard, no doubt from Byrrhia (see ii. 5. 1.), that Pamphilus is to marry Philumena this day, accuses him of treachery in having given such assurances (ii. 1. 30. and seq.) of aversion to the marriage, while, as he now supposes, he was really favourable to it. 1. AN ANAPÆSTIC DIMETER.-That this line may be a pure dactylic, Bentley favours the reading, "Hoccine credibile,aut memorabile." 2. CRETIC DIMETERS.-vecordia] Not, madness, folly; but, malice, inhumanity, wickedness, ἀγνωμοσύνη. 66 3. gaudeant-comparent] ¶ Al. gaudeat— comparet. This change of number, where we might expect gaudeat (scil. quisquam) is far from being forced. Cuiquam" is qu. "cuiquam hominum;" to which naturally succeeds, "ut gaudeant." Thus, below, we have " genus hominum-queis," where cui might rather be expected. Quisque, however, often usurps the prerogative of a noun of multitude, in taking a plural verb. Sall. Cat. 37. "sibi quisque ex victoria talia sperabant." ex incommodis] Menander in Stobæus: Tais ἀτυχίαις μήποτ' ἐπίχαιρε τῶν πέλας. W. 4. Alterius, &c.] Livy, iv. 58. says: "ex incommodo alieno suam occasionem petere." Comparare is for parare, i. e. quærere, acquirere, Heaut. ii. 4. 17. R. D. 5. Idne est verum?] D. and E. understand "verum hominum genus;" meaning, "Is that the natural and general race of men (that acts thus)? nay (not only so; but) that is the most abandoned race," &c. ¶ But verum might have the wide import of ἀληθινόν. "Can that be just-reasonable ?" as it is commonly interpreted, Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 313. "te quoque verum est," &c. 6. modo] ¶ For tantummodo; and joined with denegando. Who are ashamed only in refusing; experience no shame, but fear, in not fulfilling. I think, however, that modo means nunc or aliquando, antithetic to Post. 7. perfici,] Græcism for perficiendi. R.D. coacti] Scil. se aperire; or, denegare. 8. se aperiunt,] T Disclose their real character of inhumanity and obduracy, which lurked under mere plausible professions. 9. timent:] Either absolutely: "become cowardly;" or, understand "denegare." premit] T Al. cogit; but the o being long is opposed to the metre. On denegare, see Heaut. iii. 1. 78. And observe the synalepha. 11. Quis tu es? quis mihi es?] The first refers to rank; the second to connexion or relationship. D. cur meam tibi?] ¶ "Cur meam rem tibi dem tibi postules. or, 12. Proximus] Those who ought to be dear to us are called proximi and propinqui. D. ¶ I myself have right to be my best friend, and must therefore prefer my own interest to yours. ubi fides?] Where are his promises. E. ¶ Or, "where are your promises ?" 13. hic,] Scil. in non-perficiendo. ubi opus est,] Scil, verecundiâ. Non verentur; illic, ubi nihil opus est, ibi verentur. 15 Sed quid agam? adeamne ad eum, et cum eo injuriam hanc expostulem? Ingeram mala multa? atque aliquis dicat, nil promoveris. Multum. molestus certe ei fuero, atque animo morem gessero. P. Charine, et me et te imprudens, nisi quid di respiciunt, perdidi. C. Itane imprudens ? tandem inventa est causa: solvisti fidem. 20 P. Quid tandem? C. Etiam nunc me ducere istis dictis postulas. P. Quid istuc est? C. Postquam me amare dixi, complacita est tibi. Heu me miserum, qui tuum animum ex animo spectavi meo! P. Falsus es. C. Non tibi satis esse hoc visum solidum est gaudium, Nisi me lactasses amantem, et falsa spe produceres? 14. A TROCHAIC TETRAMETER BRACHYCATALECTIC.-illic,] Scil. in denegando. ubi opus est―ubi nihil opus est,] ¶ There is cause for shame in not performing a promise; but there is not cause for shame in not making it. 15. TROCHAIC TETRAMETERS CATALECTIC. -Sed quid] ¶ Here Charinus returns from his discursive reflections on human inhumanity; and considers his own case, and how he is to act. adeamne] ¶ See iii. 2. 2. and on the subjunctive, see iii. 4. 19. 16. Ingeram] Scil. Pamphilo. As a shower of missiles. Regerere, with the same allusion, means, "to hurl back-retort." Hor. Sat. i. 7. 29. "regerit convicia." mala] Maledicta, convicia. Promoveris means profueris. R. D. ¶"You have not promoted the object at which you aimed." This subjunctive perhaps is put for the indicative by attraction to dicat; or explain it elliptically. (see iii. 4. 19.) "It-is-possible that you shall avail nought?" i. e. you shall perhaps avail nought." 17. IAMBIC TETRAMETERS. Multum.] ¶ Scil. promovebo. The multum to Charinus would be revenge. See iii. 5. 17. certe fuero,]"At least there-is-a-probability that I shall be," &c. morem gessero.] See i. 2. 17. On the mood, see on fuero, and on 16. 18. Charine,] The poet makes Pamphilus speak first, to soften Charinus' rage; lest, otherwise, the latter should be made to break out in a tragic exclamation. D. quid] ¶ secundum quid; as ì adverbially, scil. xará rɩ. respiciunt,] The gods respiciunt, when they preserve men, or release them from misfortunes. R. D. T See v. 6. 11. 19. TROCHAIC TETRAMETERS CATALECTIC. -inventa est causa:] You have devised imprudence as an apology for treachery. solvisti fidem.] THe does not ask, "ubi fides?" having already (line 12) considered the futility of such a question; but he ironically says, "solvisti fidem." solvisti] He who gives a promise is said, fidem astringere, as Eun. i. 2. 22.-He, therefore, who fulfills it, fidem solvit. R. D. 20. Quid tandem ?] T At a loss to know how to construe the impassioned address of Charinus. istis dictis] ¶ "With such expressions as Quid tandem? pretending innocence on the subject. ducere] As yuv. Lucian, Jup. and Juno, nai ayu σè nai pigu, Tñs pivòs, paoiv, Eλxwv. L. ¶ See i. 2. 9. 21. complacita est] ¶ Complacere, ovvagśsv, properly means "to please several persons together;" thence, "to please exceedingly" in the abstract; I suppose, as this is usually true concerning a thing which pleases many. Placeo has in the perfect both placui and placitus sum. 22. Heu me] T The use of the accusative after interjections perhaps arose from such expressions as 'Heu, me miserum Di respiciant, servent;" or, "me miserum vide;" whence ecce put for vide takes the accusative. 23. Falsus es.] The passive with the force of the Greek middle "you have deceived yourself." The adjective "falsus" always active. is 24. lactasses] See below, v. 4. 8. produceres ?]¶ Literally "lengthen me;" i. e. induce me, as it were, to bend myself forward to grasp at what you made to appear just within reach. So nagadonia in Euripides, and προσκαραδοκέω in the New Testament, 25 Habeas. P. Habeam? ah! nescis quantis in malis verser miser, Quantasque hic svis consiliis mihi confecit sollicitudines, Meus carnifex. plum capit? C. Quid istuc tam mirum est, de te si exem P. Haud istuc dicas, si cognoris vel me, vel amorem meum. C. Scio: cum patre altercasti dudum; et is nunc propterea tibi 30 Succenset; nec te quivit hodie cogere, illam ut duceres. P. Imo etiam, quo tu minus scis ærumnas meas, Hæ nuptiæ non apparabantur mihi; Nec postulabat nunc quisquam uxorem dare. C. Scio: tu coactus tva voluntate es. P. Mane: 35 Nondum scis. C. Scio equidem illam ducturum esse te. P. Cur me enecas? hoc audi. nunquam destitit Instare, ut dicerem, me ducturum, patri: Suadere, orare, usque adeo, donec perpulit. C. Quis homo istuc? P. Davus. C. Davus? P. Interturbat. C. Quamobrem? "to look with outstretched head," i. e. to expect, to look out for anxiously. 25. Habeas.] The resignation of an angry mind. Compare above: "aut si tibi hæ nuptiæ sunt cordi. P. Cordi!" D. Compare v. 3. 18. "immo habeat, valeat, vivat cum illa." R. D. 26. IAMBIC TETRAMETERS.-suis] "His own;" i. e. favourable to himself; where his own interest alone was kept in view. So Hor. Epod. ix. 30. "Ventis iturus non suis." confecit] Mark the change of mood " verser -confecit" for confecerit; usual with the most exact writers. Liv. xxxviii. 33. "non quia salvos vellet, sed quia perire causa indicta nolebat." R. D. For confecit read conflát for conflavit. G. 27. de te si exemplum capit ?] Whether "if he imitates you;" or, "if he exacts punishment from you;" (as elsewhere "uterque exempla in te edent")? But the former is preferable. D. 29. Scio:] Stronger than cognosco, the word which Pamphilus uses. "I am fully aware of all; this is the fact no doubt, cum patre duceres (ironically)." propterea] Because you, forsooth, "altercasti." altercasti] Anciently for altercatus es. Altercari is, properly, "to speak alternately even without dispute; thence transferred to the contradiction of persons expostulating and quarrelling. R. D. 30. nec te quivit cogere,] ¶ How mightily obstinate you were in refusing to obey! E 31. IAMBIC TRIMETERS.-Imo etiam quo] Several interpretations for this passage are noticed by D.-"Nay but hear me, since (quo for quoniam) you are too little acquainted," &c.-"6 Nay but hear why (quo for quare). you are," &c.-" Imo etiam, quo tu minus scis ærumnas meas, eo magis audi.”"Imo etiam Hæ nuptiæ non apparabantur mihi, quo ipso minus tu scis ærumnas meas." quo tu minus scis] Read "quo scias magis." G. 32. Ha] D. reads Hæc; and the ancients used to say hæc for hæ. R. D. 34. coactus tua voluntate] Hom. Il. 4. ixv, dénovтi dì Duμã. Mane:] So persons say, when they are impatient at their speech being interrupted by another. R. D. 36. enecas?] With your interruption. Eun. iii. 5. 6. "rogitando obtundat, enecet." R. D. ¶ Rather: by obstinately attributing duplicity to me. nunquam destitit] ¶ Scil. Davus, "meus carnifex." He resumes his explanation from line 27, where Charinus interrupted him, and caused the long parenthesis 27-36. 37. Since this line is too long, some omit me; I expunge esse. B. The text "dicerem me esse ducturum" is retained by Hare, who shortens the last syllable of dicerem. 40 Nisi mihi deos satis scio fuisse iratos, qui auscultaverim. C. Factum hoc est, Dave? D. Factum. C. Hem! quid ais, Eho, dic mihi, si omnes hunc conjectum in nuptias D. Ego, Pamphile, hoc tibi pro servitio debeo, Tvum est, si quid præter spem evenit, mi ignoscere. 55 Parum succedit quod ago? at facio sedulo. Vel melius tute reperi; me missum face. P. Cupio. restitue, quem a me accepisti, locum. 40. Nisi] Put for sed, especially after nescio. Bentley has collected examples. R. D. deos fuisse iratos,] That I acted foolishly, was not in my senses. For the ancients believed that the gods took mind and self-possession from one whom they wished to punish; but imparted a sound mind to their favourites. R. D. ¶ Comp. Hom. Il. 6. 234. ἔνθ' αὖτε Γλαυκῷ Κρονίδης φρένας ἐξέλετο Ζεὺς. 41. IAMBIC TRIMETERS. Factum hoc est,] Not as discrediting; but as reproving Davus.D. 42. At] A fit word to begin an imprecation: Virg. Æn. xi. 535. "at tibi pro scelere." Hor. Epod. v. 1. " at O Deorum quisquis." D. 43. dic mihi,] A person uses these words when either enquiring curiously, or interrogating angrily and imperiously. R. D. 44. quod,] From quis. hoc,] quod tu dedisti; scil. "ut diceret se ducturum patri." 45. Deceptus] ¶ Deceived in my hopes of success; disappointed. non defatigatus.] ¶Not worn out, either as to bodily exertion, or as to cunning in devising new schemes. Scio.] A favourite word of Charinus, to express irony and sarcasm. 46. Hac non successit] Understand "quod conabamur." D. ¶ Or, "quod ago" as below, 55. Cedere means, "to issue "whether well or ill; succedere and procedere, suτux, "to issue favourably; according to wishes." 47. processit parum,] T Sall. Jug. 35. "sin id parum procedat, quovis modo Numidam interficiat." [scelus ? 48. jam] "Cannot be converted e'er long into good." A speedy remedy was necessary, as the doom of Pamphilus was to be sealed that day; compare 58.-Or, "Cannot now (it being too late) be converted," &c. Adopt the former. 49. Imo etiam.] T Nay I do think " posse jam-malum;" inasmuch as (nam) the only malum to you must be, that you have not sufficiently ruined me; which you can turn into salus (comfort and satisfaction) to yourself by doubling my distresses. This is sarcasm. advigilaveris,] i. e. curam intenderis. Ad in composition increases the force of the verb. R. D. ¶ See iv. 2. 11. 52. noctesque et dies,] T See i. 1. 134. manibus pedibusque] With the greatest assiduity; without any intermission. Que is elegantly put before another copula, Ad. i. 1. 39. " æquumque et bonum." Liv. Præfat. "cum votisque ac precationibus." R. D. 54. Tuum] ¶ Scil. officium, munus. 55. Parum succedit] Though it is my part to afford my services; yet it is not of me to control fortune. D. sedulò.] Sincerely, sine dolo. D. 56. Vel] "Either forgive this, or yourself devise a better," to prove that I am to be blamed. melius] Consilium. me missum face.] T Employ me no more in the business. See note v. 1. 14. 57. Cupio.] T Te missum facere. But before you get clear of the affair, you must undo |