PAM. Quid consolare me? an quisquam usquam gentium est æque miser?

Priusquam hanc uxorem duxi, habebam alibi animum amori deditum :

15 Jam in hac re ut taceam, cuivis facile scitu est, quam fuerim miser :

Tamen nunquam ausus sum recusare eam, quam mi obtrudit pater.

Vix me illi abstraxi, atque impeditum in ea expedivi animum

meum,

Vixque huc contuleram; hem, nova res orta est, porro ab hac quæ me abstrahat.

Tum matrem ex ea re me, aut uxorem, in culpa inventurum arbitror:

20 Quod cum ita esse invenero, quid restat, nisi porro ut fiam

miser ?

Nam matris ferre injurias me, Parmeno, pietas jubet :
Tum uxori obnoxius sum; ita olim svo me ingenio pertulit;
Tot meas injurias quæ nunquam in ullo patefecit loco.

13. IAMBIC TETRAMETERS.-Quid consolare me?] As is often the case in true anguish; consolation itself increases the malady. Consolare; why offer me consolation? whereby you evince that you know me to be wretched. D. usquam gentium] ¶ In ulla parte gentium. So ubivis gentium, line 4. æque miser?] T atque ego. And. iv. 2.

19.

"Miser æque atque ego."

14. habebam] The imperfect; that love had become inveterate in him at the time when he married. alibi] Alibi is used in reference to persons, in the same manner as unde and inde. R. D. "In another direction," or, on another object." i. e. on Bacchis. Compare And. v. 1. 10. "adolescentulo in alio occupato amore." deditum:] ¶ Given up; in complete surrender.

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15. Jam in hac re] ¶"Now, when any one hears me state this (Prius-deditum.) he may readily know (that I may be silent on this subject.) how wretched I must have been at the time of my marriage;-and yet”— &c. He puts forward the sorrow and affliction which he endured before he could love her, who, now when his affections have been bestowed on her, is about to be torn away (abstrahat). Scitu is the supine of scire.

16. obtrudit] Forced on him, against his will. So, And. i. 5. 16. "Ea quoniam nemini obtrudi potest, itur ad me.” D.

17. illi] Bacchidi. Al. illinc. impeditum] Virg. Æn. iv. 479. " Quæ mihi reddat eum, vel, eo me solvat amantem." D. T See And. iii. 5. 11.

18. huc] In Philumenam. porro] ¶ In continuation of the string of my misfortunes. Or, though not so well, "which is to sever me from her presently."

19. me, aut uxorem, in culpa inventurum] ¶ Will make out either that I or that my wife, is in fault." Hence our phrase, “To find a person guilty."

20. porro] See line 18.

21. injurias] T See Heaut. i. 1. 85. and And. v. 1. 8. pietas] ¶ Filial duty. And. v. 2. 28. "O Chreme, pietatem gnati!" also, below. iii. 5. 31.

22. obnoxius] ¶ Bound by gratitude. ita] "To such a degree." See And. i. 2. 2. Comp. Virg. i. 572. olim] ¶ Before I loved her. suo] ¶ By that suavity so peculiar to her.

23. Tot meas injurias] ¶ Asyndeton; understand et pertulit; according to the general explanation given here. injurias quæ] Grammatical structure requires quas; but Terence preferred quæ, that the sentence might conclude in comprehending all. This change of gender is common. R. D. RATHER, remove the stop at injurias, making qua the nominative; "endured me with

T

Sed magnum, nescio quid, necesse est evenisse, Parmeno, 25 Unde ira inter eas intercessit, quæ tam permansit diu.

PAR. At quidem hercle parvum; si vis vero veram rationem exequi,

Non maximas, quæ maximæ sunt, interdum, iræ injurias

Faciunt: nam sæpe est, quibus in rebus alius ne iratus quidem est,

Cum de eadem causa est iracundus factus inimicissimus. 30 Pueri inter sese quam pro levibus noxiis iras gerunt! Quapropter? quia enim, qui eos gubernat animus, infirmum gerunt.

26. parvum ;] Scil. esse invenis, quod evenit. unde, &c.; or something similar. vero] Either a noun, adverb, or conjunction. D. Read, "si vis veram verba ad rationem exigi." B. ¶ Vero means, but. Parmeno first concedes that the cause of the ire must have been small; but, says he, a minute investigation may show the contrary. exsequi;] i. e. inquirere, pervestigare. Liv. 3. 8. "exsequendo subtiliter numerum." Hence Livy often joins exsequi with quærendum or scitandum. R. D. ¶ To follow up; to pursue to the attainment of.

nature, is not "magnum," although it may appear "haud parvum " at first view.-Having thus premised, I EXPLAIN thus:-"Sometimes, the ire which are greatest [i. e. from the greatest cause] do not produce the greatest injuriæ (such as those are, which we now witness)," for iræ which are smallest [i. e. form the smallest cause] are known to produce them; or, in other words, "However great the injuriæ may be, the cause of the iræ which produced them, is but trifling." This interpretation leaves a want of terseness in Parmeno's argument, and perhaps attaches an unsatisfactory meaning to "maxime;" however, I only propose it as it appears to me pigratov xaxv, and preferable to conjectural emendations.

28. nam sæpe est,-Quum] ¶ i. e. sæpe est tempus quum (in quo). "The occasion often occurs wherein," &c. This is advanced by Parmeno as an argument to prove line 27.

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"The

27. Non maximas, &c.] Injuriæ produce For, a trifling cause, such as would not iræ; not iræ, injuriæ. But here he uses make an ordinary man conscious of ira (irafaciunt izaλλantins, reproving the error of tus) at all, often makes the choleric man a Pamphilus in estimating the quantity of inju- most bitter enemy." quibus in rebus] ¶ Anria by the extent of ira. Others explain acolouthon; for de iisdem rebus ought to folfaciunt by probant, ostendunt. D. To aid low, instead of de eadem causa. Compare this perplexed sentence, read "non maxima Hec. ii. 2. 12. and Heaut. v. 1. 4. -injuriæ;" so that ire may be put by a Græ- occasion often happens, when in what things cism for iras; as in verse 31. B. ¶ The (in those things in which things) another has annotators here seem to have determined that not been even irritated, from the same cause "maximas injurias" allude to the same as a passionate man has become most hostile." magnum, nescio quid." But it might 30. quàm] The sense requires quas. B. mean, the present apparent injuries (of Phil-¶ Join quàm with levibus : "For offences umena leaving Sostrata, &c. or, the supposed "matris injuriæ " of line 24.), and might therefore be distinct from the cause from which the ira between Sostrata and Philumena arose ("unde ira-intercessit."). Then, It is evident from the whole tenor of Parmeno's words (and particularly from lines 30. and 33.) that his object is to show that the cause of the ira ("unde ira-quæ tam perm.") which has proved now of so lasting a

iras

how slight!" See Heaut. ii. 1. 10.
gerere ?] So, "odium gerere "(Liv. xxviii.
22.); "cupiditatem gerere" (Justin. 17. 1.);
"desideria gerere (Quinctil. declam. 10.);
where gerere is for habere.
gerere is very frequent. R. D.

"Animum

31. quia enim,] T See And. v. 1. 4. qui] The consequent to the relative is expressed here, and its antecedent (animum) is omitted. Comp. And. prol. 3. infirmum gerunt.]

Itidem illæ mulieres sunt ferme, ut pueri, levi sententia: Fortasse unum aliquod verbum inter eas iram hanc conciverit. PAM. Abi, Parmeno, intro, ac me venisse nuncia. PAR. Hem,

quid hoc est ? PAM. Tace:

35 Trepidari sentio, et cursari rursum prorsum. PAR. Agedum, ad fores

Accede propius. hem, sensistin'? PAM. Noli fabularier.

Proh Juppiter! clamorem audivi. PAR. Tute loqueris; me vetas. M. Tace, obsecro, mea gnata. PAM. Matris vox visa est Philumena.

Nullus sum. PAR. Qui dum? PAM. Perii! PAR. Quamobrem? PAM. Nescio quod magnum malum 40 Profecto, Parmeno, me celas. PAR. Uxorem Philumenam Pavitare, nescio quid, dixerunt: id si forte est, nescio.

PAM. Interii: cur mihi id non dixti? PAR. Quia non poteram una omnia.

PAM. Quid morbi est? PAR. Nescio. PAM. Quid? nemon'

medicum adduxit? PAR. Nescio.

PAM. Cesso hinc ire intro, ut hoc quamprimum, quicquid est, certo sciam?

45 Quonam modo, Philumena mea, nunc te offendam affectam ? Nam, si periculum ullum in te inest, periisse me una haud dubium est.

PAR. Non usus facto est mihi nunc hunc intro sequi;

Nam invisos omnes nos esse illis sentio.

Heri nemo voluit Sostratam intro admittere:

50 Si forte morbus amplior factus siet,

(Quod sane nolim, maxime heri causa mei,)
Servum ilico introisse dicent Sostratæ ;

Comp. Adel. iv. 2.10. and Heaut. i. 1. 118. and iv. 1. 5. So i for origov. Plutarch. Lycurg. Εἰ καλῶς κείμενοι νόμοι τυγχάνουσι, ἠρώτησε.

42. unà omnia.] Scil. tibi dicere.

43. nemone medicum] ¶ For, if a physician had seen her, the nature of her illness would have been known.

44. Cesso hinc] Thus the poet makes Pamphilus, fearing that his wife is dangerously ill, enter straightway, and unexpectedly discover a delivery. D.

45. IAMBIC TETRAMETERS CATALECTIC. Quonam modo,] Amatoria άorgopn. So, in the Phormio, i. 4. 24. "Quod si eo meæ fortunæ redeunt, Phanium, abs te ut distrahar, Nulla est mihi vita expetenda." D. offendam] Compare Heaut. iii. 3. 44. Pamphilus uses the word, merely because his arrival will be, to Philumena, unexpected.

46. periculum] Love would not allow him to use the word perire, with respect to her; but periculum. D. perisse me una] So, Propert. Eleg. ii. 21. 42. "Vivam, si vivet, si cadet illa, cadam." R. D. Also Hor. Od. iii. 9. 24. "Te cum vivere amem, tecum obeam libens." Periisse ;] "that I have already perished," ," "received my death blow.' Pamphilus, saying thus, goes in, alone.

47. IAMBIC TRIMETERS.-Non usus facto] Ti. e. Nunc hunc intro sequi non mihi usus facto est. Usus facto for utile factu. See Heaut. i. 1. 28. So, opus for necessarium and necessaria (plural). See And. ii. 1. 37.

48. Nam] The poet here supplies a reason sufficient to check even a man of

curiosity, such as Parmeno, and prevent, not only him, but presently Sostrata also, from entering. D. omnes nos] ¶ All my master's family; Parmeno, as well as the rest, could arrive at no other conclusion, from what he saw, than that the other family had conceived a hatred for them.

49. Heri nemo, &c.] A proof of the hatred. D. ¶ Not so. Parmeno gives an additional reason for not going in after Pamphilus. If Philumena grows worse, he says, they will make out that further contagion (of the animosity between the families) has been conveyed to the patient; they cannot say that Sostrata is the bearer of it, for they did not give her admittance within the door; but they will assert that Sostrata's servant entered on the errand, and encreased the disorder.-His mention of the hatred, line 48. brings forcibly to his mind the infatuation (so supposed) of Phidippus' house in shunning his master's family; thence he is led to anticipate the ridiculous extreme to which they may probably carry the phrenzy, in imputing any additional virulence, which Philumena's illness may assume, to infection, as if of a plague, wafted by some means from Sostrata.

51. Quod] T The accusative to nolim. See And. i. 2. 1. maxime] ¶ Chiefly for the sake of my own master, as I care not for Phidippus and Myrrhina. Donatus seems to explain maxime, "chiefly, though not altogether."

52. ilico-dicent] ¶ They will instantly say; as they would be glad to catch at any pretext for cherishing their feuds.

Aliquid tulisse comminiscentur mali

Capiti atque ætati illorum, morbus qui auctus sit : 55 Hera in crimen veniet; ego vero in magnum malum.

ACTUS III. SCENA II.

SOSTRATA, PARMENO, PAMPHILUS.

NESCIO quid jamdudum audio hic tumultuari misera :
Male metuo, ne Philumenæ magis morbus aggravescat:
Quod te, Esculapi, et te, Salus, ne quid sit hujus, oro.
Nunc ad eam visam. PAR. Heus, Sostrata. S. Hem! PAR.
Iterum istinc excludere.

5 S. Ehem, Parmeno, tune hic eras? perii; quid faciam misera?