indiscriminate mixture in our workhouses has been attended with deplorable moral results. And of all departments of a poorhouse the hospital department is that which will ever bid defiance to all attempts to prevent indiscriminate admixture, and which, by associating together—for all are subject to the same diseases and accidentsthe moral and immoral, virtuous and vicious, honest and dishonest, must ever be the most demoralizing in its influence.

SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 22ND.-We spent this day in "Genoa la Superba,” but made our stay very short, as we had been here more than once before. The city deserves the distinctive appellation conferred on it— or at least did deserve it-from the grandeur and material (marble) of its palaces. We rambled for a few hours over it. In front

of the cathedral are two colossal crouching lions, of white marble, looking very fierce. They excited, at first, admiration, as I contemplated the heads and manes, but a moment afterwards a feeling of the ridiculous extinguished all my admiration; for the artist, who knew little of zoology, had sculptured the tails of the animals coming out in front from between their hind legs, which, as everyone knows, is an indication of fear; as the proverb says, “like a dog running away with his tail between his legs," and gives an inexpressibly ridiculous incongruity to these otherwise fine statues.

There is a very ingenious contrivance for maintaining roughness of pavement in Genoa in all those parts of the streets where the street has any inconvenient slope. The ordinary pavement is like that of London and Dublin-blocks of hard greenstone laid in parallel layers; but on ascents, or where there is greater danger than usual of horses

slipping, the pavement consists of alternate layers of the hard stone and narrow layers of baked tile; and as the tile and stone, from their different degrees of hardness, wear unequally, there is thus always preserved a continuously rough surface.

A

B

A

B

A, Thin layer of baked tile interposed between the layers of the ordinary paving blocks, B B.

Art has here copied Nature-not a bad instructress. In the construction of the elephant's tooth there are alternate layers of enamel and bone, which, being of unequal degrees of hardness, always wear unequally, and thus continuously maintain a rough surface for grinding.

In observing on this form of pavement I may also notice a kind of tramway used for

a long period of years in the streets of Turin, and other cities of Italy, which appears to be well adapted for its purpose of facilitating traffic, and which seems to be free from all the objections urged against iron tramways in streets. These tramways are made of thick, massive blocks of hard granite, about 3 feet long and 2 feet wide, laid along end to end, and thus presenting a continuously level surface, on which wheels run as smoothly as on the best iron way. There is a double line in every street, the rest of the street being paved; and this flag tramway, being perfectly level with the pavement, presents no obstruction whatever to vehicles of all kinds running on and off it. If a quickgoing vehicle overtake a slow-going cart on it, the former passes on, and, gaining the front, takes up again the stone tramway. The breadth of the tramway, about 2 feet, enables all vehicles, from the handcart to