was was France. Who rendered necessary, ration of the Constitutional Charter, the the heroic exertions of these martial order of things which had been happily rebands, to save astonished Europe established in France, as also in the object from the deadly grasp ?-It of restoring between France and her neighFrance. For this France must pay.dence and goodwill, which the fatal effects bours, those relations of reciprocal confiAnd though France be not humbled, of the Revolution, and of the System of she must be mortified: though not im- Conquest had for so long a time disturbed poverished, she must be taught restitu- persuaded, at the same time, that this last tion. The traitors in her bosom must object can only be obtained by an arrangelearn their impotence, while her king ment framed to secure to the Allies, protriumphs in the resumption of his power. per indemnities for the past, and solid guaIt is easy enough to state these prin- cert with His Majesty the King of France, rantees for the future; they have in conciples, and to enforce their propriety: taken into consideration, the means of to reduce them to practice, to give them giving effect to this arrangement; and being animation and predominance, is the la- satisfied that the indemnity due to the Albour of no ordinary mind. That has lied Powers cannot be either entirely terribeen effected, by retaining an over- torial, or entirely pecuniary, without prewhelming power in France, until the judice to France in the one or other of army which, by addicting itself to the her essential interests, and that it would principles and fortune of Napoleon, had be more fit to combine both the modes, in supported its treason against the king, would result, were either resorted to sepaby force of arms, was disbanded :rately. Their Imperial and Royal Majesuntil such a power was raised up in its ties have adopted this basis for their prestead, as might support loyalty, and pro- sent transactions, &c. tect the crown. Then, and not till then, was it safe for the Allies to withdraw; and if, in the course of five years, the The principles we have stated, are those expressed, in the Preamble to the DEFINITIVE TREATY. An introduction which it required no little skill to draw up. It simply states the fact of the case, in the following terms. IN THE NAME OF THE MOST HOLY AND The Allied Powers having by their united efforts, and by the success of their arms, preserved France and Europe from the convulsions with which they were meBaced by the late enterprise of Napoleon Buonaparte, and by the Revolutionary System reproduced in France, to promote its success; participating at present with His Most Christian Majesty in the desire to consolidate, by maintaining inviolate the Royal Authority, and by restoring the ope order to avoid the inconvenience which As to the territorial cessions by France, they are rather nominal than real: they pare off a few acres of her boundary, to. meet the convenience of her neighbours; but, the loss of them nothing impairs the formidable strength of the French dominions, or the general interests of Europe. The fifth Article is the most material; and that we give in its Official integrity. ARTICLE V. The state of uneasiness and of fermenta tion, which after so many violent convul sions, and particularly after the last catastrophe, France must still experience, notwithstanding the paternal intentions of Her King, and the advantages secured to every class of His Subjects by the constitutional Charter, requiring, for the security of the neighbouring States, certain measures of precaution, and of temporary guarantee, it has been judged indispensable to occupy, during a fixed time, by a corps of Allied Troops, certain military positions along the frontiers of France, under the express reserve, that such occupation shall in no ways prejudice the Sovereignty of His Most Christian Majesty, nor the state of possession, such as it is recognized and confirmed by the present Treaty. The number of these troops shall not exceed one hundred and fifty thousand men. The Commander in Chief of this army shall be The Special Convention, referred to in this article, is of the following tenor: This army shall be maintained by the French Government in the manner following: ministrations, as well as for the arming The Civil Administration, the Administration of Justice, and the collection of taxes and contributions of all sorts, shall remain in the hands of the agents of His Majesty the King of France. The same shall be the case with respect to the Customs. That the disturbers of the public will do their utmost by disseminatpeace ing false reports, by propagating their sanguinary doctrines, to create misunderstanding between these troops and the inhabitants, cannot be doubted: that they will endeavour to corrupt the loyalty of these troops, cannot be doubted: that among so great a number of troops some will be found unwise enough to listen to the syren tales told them, cannot be doubted. It follows, that the system to be enforced, is a system of vigilance: the officers of these troops have the safety of Europe in their hands: they, if active, will confer security on the civilized world; if negligent, will have to pay with their lives the forfeit of their temerity. We have not stated these ideas without having well considered the subject, according to the best information that has reached us. In the suppression of factious writings, discourses, principles, consists the safety of France: in the alertness and vigour of the allies, consists the safety of Europe. The smallest error, overlooked, may lead to consequences, which we tremble to think of; the slightest indulgence of unhalIt is agreed that the total amount of daily lowed passions, may prove fatal to a rations shall never exceed two hundred system professedly intended to subserve a temporary purpose, till time and thousand for men, and fifty thousand for events have given solid strength to a horses, and that they shall be issued according to the Tarif annexed to the pre-power too recent to be called old; too The lodging, the fuel and lighting, the provisions and forage, are to be furnished in kind. sent Convention. With respect to the pay, the equipment, the clothing, and other incidental matters, the French Goverument will provide for such expense by the payment of a sum of fifty millious of francs per annum, payable in specie from month to month, from the first of December, 1815, into the hands of the Allied Commissioners. France engages equally to provide for the keeping up of the fortifications, and of the buildings of the Military and Civil Ad old to be termed recent. The revulsion of affairs to which France had been a prey, afforded an opportunity for re-stating some of those claims on that country which had lain dormant, though not abandoned, in the In fact, previous arrangement of 1814. it was scarcely possible, among such an infinite diversity of interests to think of them all, to adjust them all, at that criti cal moment. Among others left unsettled, was the claim of British creditors on France, for justice against the Confiscations and Sequestrations, which, at different times, had been issued by her various tyranuic Governments against their property, in that Country, A Convention regulates this: of which we only quote one article, with the condition of the whole. to whom the occupation of the frontier of France is entrusted, yet, it must be remembered, that, the Allied Sovereigns, themselves, stand personally pledged to promote the stability of the arrangements made. They have pledged themselves to augment their military forces, if necessary; to employ the whole resources of their Dominions, if necessary; but, while we hope, and trust, that no such necessity will arise, we cannot but see in the following agreement, a mode for preventing that necessity by anticipation. It is, we believe, new in the annals of Diplomacy; but, it is not the only novelty, to which late affairs have given birth. To facilitate and to secure the execution the connections which at the present moof the present Treaty, and to consolidate ment so closely unite the four sovereigns for the happiness of the world, the high con The subjects of His Britannick Majesty, holders of permanent stock under the French Government, and who on that account have, since the first of January, 1798, suffered by the confiscations or sequestrations decreed in France, shall them elves, their heirs or assigns, subjects of His Britannick Majesty, be inscribed in the great book of the consolidated debt of France, for an amount of stock equal to the amount of the stock they possessed prior to the laws aud decrees of sequestration or of confiscation above-mentioued. In the cases in which the edicts or detracting parties have agreed to renew their crees constituting the above-mentioned stock shall have added thereto profitable conditions, or favourable chances, account shall be had thereof in favour of the creditors, and an addition, founded upon a just evaluation of such advantages, shal! be made to the amount of the stock to be inscribed, The new inscriptions shall bear date and bear interest from the 22nd of March, 1816. Such subjects of His Britannick Majesty, who by receiving their annuities at a third, after the 80th of September, 1797, have submitted themselves by their own act to the laws existing upon this subject, are exempted from the above-mentioned dispositions. meetings at fixed periods, either under the immediate auspices of the sovereigns themseives, or by their respective ministers, for the purpose of cousulting upon their common interests, and for the consideration of shall be considered the most salutary for the measures which at each of those periods the répose and prosperity of nations, and for the maintenance of the peace of Europe. If the term of five years, during which the Allied troops hold possession of the frontier provinces of France, should be allowed to slip away unimproved, by her neighbours, who have the greatest occasion to dread her insurgence, no severity of censure could be sufficiently severe the heaviest imputations would lie on their prudence and foresight, on their talents and understanding. would be in vain, even to attempt to the Powers have announced their intenserve such beedless no-thinkers.-But, tion, that while France is in no capacity io impede their operations-white an It When the three millions five hundred thousand francs of interest, mentioned in the niuth article, shall have been inscribed in the uame of the Commissioners who are to hold that sum in deposit, and on the first demand which shall be thereafter made by the French government, his Britannick Majesty shall give the neces sary orders to carry into execution the res toration of the French Colonies, as stipu.fficient army is interposed on the fronlated by the Treaty of Paris, of the 30th of May, 1814, comprehending Martinique and Gundaloupe, which have been since occupied by the British Forces. The inscription above-mentioned shall be made before the 1st of January, at the latest. But, though we have suggested an opinion that the tranquillity of Europe depends much on the conduct of those hers, certain strong places shall be provided, certain fortresses shall be erected, which, by opposing the operations of en attacking force, may oblige an enemy to lose time sufficient in whatever inroads he may make, to allow of assistance arriving from the general confederacy. But fortifications are expensive erections. It may well be, that the coun This The King of Bavaria, or such 15 71 tries to be protected by them, are not able to raise the necessary sums. also is provided against; and a part of the money to be paid by France, is to be employed in raising defences against French aggression; the remainder is to Of the twenty five millions which reremunerate to a certain degree-for, main to be distributed, five shall be apwholly remunerated, it cannot be the propriated to finish the works at Mayence, alacrity with which the nations of Eu-and the remaining twenty shall be assigned rope started forward to support the com mon cause. for the erection of a new federal fortress As this is one of the novel-upon the Upper Rhine. ties of the time, we allot a portion of our pages to a statement of this distribution, as marked in what is denominated "A Protocol." The Allied Powers, acknowledging the necessity of guaranteeing the tranquillity of the countries bordering on France, by erecting fortifications on certain points the most exposed, have determined to set apart for that object a portion of the sums which are to be paid by France, leaving the remainder for general distribution, under the head of Indemnities. A fourth part of the total sum to be paid by France, shall be applied to the erecting fortifications. But as the cession of the fortress of Saar-Louis, equally founded on the motive of general safety, renders the construction of new fortifications in the vicinity of that fortress superfluous, and that the same has been estimated at fifty millions, by the Military Committee who were cousulted upon that point, the said fortress shall be set down at the above-mentioned sum, in the calculation of the sums to be expended in fortifications, so that the aforesaid fourth part shall not be deducted from the seven hundred millions of francs promised by France, but from seven hundred and fifty millions, including the cession of Saar-Louis. In conformity with this disposition, the sum destined for fortifications is fixed at 187 millions of francs, viz. 1871 millions in real value, and fifty millions represented by the fortress of Saar-Louis. In apportioning these one hundred and eighty seven and a half millions of francs amongst the States bordering on France, the undersigned ministers have had in view the necessity, more or less urgent, of those states to have additional fortresses, and the expense, more or less considerable, which the erecting them would incur, compared with the means which they severally possess, or will acquire by the present treaty. According to these principles, His Majesty the King of the Netherlands will receive The King of Prussia The King of Sardinia Millions 60 20 10 Although all the Allied States have afforded proofs of the same zeal and devotion for the common cause, there are some, notwithstanding, like Sweden, (which, from the very commencement, was released from all active co-operation, in consequence of the difficulty of conveying her troops across the Baltic), who have made no efforts whatever: others, like Spain, Portugal, and Denmark, although they have armed to assist in the struggle, have been prevented by the rapidity of events from effectually contributing to its success. Swisserland, which has rendered most essential services to the common cause, did not accede to the Treaty of the 25th of March on the same conditions as the other allies. These states are thereby placed in a different situation, which does not allow of their being classed with the other Allied States, according to the number of their troops: it is therefore agreed, in order to obtain for them a just indemnity, as far as circumstances will permit, to apportion twelve and a half millions in the following manuer: To Spain. Millions. 5 2 21 3 The burthen of the war having been borne in the first instance by the armies under the respective commands of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington, and Field Marshal Prince Blucher; and these armies having moreover taken the city of Paris, it is agreed that there shall be re tained out of the contributions paid by France, the sum of twenty five millions for the service of Great Britain, and twenty five millions for that of Prussia. Subject to the arrangements which Great Britain is to make with the Powers, whose forces constituted the army of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellingtou, as to the sum which is to fall to their share under this head. The fifty millions stipulated by the article of the Military Convention, annexed to the Treaty of the 20th instant, for the The following article shews, that the importance of the Graphic arts, which France has been the first to feel and acknowledge, is at length extending itself into the conviction of Europe. It ought to have occupied a principal place 71 therein, long ago. 16 71 71 71 When France shall only pay, as will be the case in the first year, thirty millions, or any other sum less than fifty millions, for the object above specified; the same proportion shall be observed in the distri bution of the sum so modified. Doubts having arisen upon the 31st article of the Treaty of the 30th of May, 1814, concerning the restitution of the maps of the countries which have ceased to belong to France, it is agreed that all the maps of the countries ceded, including those which the French government has caused to be executed, shall be exactly given up, with the copper plates belonging to them, in the space of four weeks after the exchange of the ratifications of the present Treaty. The same shall be done respecting the archives, maps, and plates, for a time by the different armies, as it is taken away from the countries occupied stipulated in the second paragraph of the 31st article of the said Treaty. Thus it appears, that every power in Europe is interested in the punctuality of France, in making good her payments. If she fails, the failure falls on all. There is not a great power which will tamely submit to the breach of faith; there is not a small power which will not fill with complaints, the courts of all concerned. It should seem, also, that during five years, no power cau find its interest in forsaking the confeThe following notes derive an imporderacy. French bribes, French in- tauce from subsequent events. Since fluence, French intrigue, will most pro- have not heard any affirm-as some did, their communication to Parliament we bably exert themselves to no great effect, during the course of these pay-volved in the conduct pursued by the previously, that British faith was inments; and happy should we be to think, that 'ere that time elapses, the French nation will be so well convinced of the ne cessity for national honour, and public faith,-so much better taught, so VIRTUOUS! that bribery, influence, intrigue, will be abhorrent from its feelings, its principles, and its wishes. French Government towards Marshal Ney. The dates of these papers shew of Paris, at the time when it was signed. the construction put on the Capitulation Copy of a DISPATCH from Earl Bathurst to The Duke of Wellington; Downingstreet, 7 July 1815. Whether the Millennium be so close War Department, London, at hand as some very worthy persons MY LORD, 7th July 1815. imagine, we confess our ignorance; but, ALTHOUGH your Grace has stated dis should we live to witness this happy al- tinctly that the Convention entered into by teration, we shall need but little addi- you and Marshal Prince Blucher on the tional argument, to persuade us of the one hand, and certain French Authorities approach, perhaps of the proximity, of decided all the Military questions had on the other, upon the 3d instant, while it that happy period. We should hail the touched nothing political; and, although signs of the times, with a welcome, neit cannot be imagined that in a Convention ver before experienced by mortal man; negotiated with these Authorities, by Prince and should hope, what would forbid Bucher and your Grace, you would enter it? for a kind of heaven descending on into any Engagement whereby it should earth. The mere idea is too pleasant be presumed that his Most Christian Mato be relinquished, and we close these jesty was absolutely precluded from the lucubrations with the vision ;-a delu-just exercise of his Authority in bringing sion, if it be one, into which we willingly fall, and from which we shall not willingly be awakened. to condign Punishment such of his Subjects and unprovoked Rebellion, forfeited all as had, by their treasonable Machinations claim to his Majesty's clemency and forbearance; yet, in order that no doubt |