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might be made of a whiter marble; and the heads of Hadrian and Sabina might be put on two of the ancient figures, which was no uncommon practice among the Romans; and if we may give credit to Plutarch, the buildings of Pericles were not in the least impaired by age in his time; therefore, this temple could not want any material repairs in the reign of Hadrian."

With regard to the works of Hadrian at Athens, Spartan says, "that he did much for the Athenians";" and a little after on his second visit to Athens, "going to the East he made his journey through Athens, and dedicated the works which he had begun there and particularly a temple to Olympian Jupiter, and an altar to himself."

The account given by Dion Cassius, is nearly to the same effect, adding, that he placed his own statue within the temple of Olympian Jupiter, which he erected+.

He called some other cities after his own

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Venetian bomb, within a short time after the year in which they were made; which, however, must have been prior to the date of 1683, affixed to the plate in Barry's works (2 vol. p. 163. London, 1809.)

Some notes of Mr. Fauvel, a painter and antiquarian, who moulded and took casts from the greatest part of the Sculptures, and remained fifteen years at Athens, are given with the tracings of these drawings; in which it is said, with regard to these pediments, "These figures were adorned with bronze, at least if we may judge by the head of Sabina, which is one of the two that remain, and which, having fallen, and being much mutilated, was brought to Mr. Fauvel. The traces are visible of the little cramps which probably fixed the crown to the head. The head of the em

peror Hadrian still exists. Probably this group has been inserted to do honour to that emperor, for it is of a workmanship different from the rest of this Sculpture."

Your Committee cannot dismiss this name, and directed a part of Athens to be interesting subject, without submitting to styled Hadrianopolist: but no mention is the attentive reflection of the House, how made by any ancient author, of his touch-highly the cultivation of the Fine Arts has ing, or repairing the Parthenon Pausanias who wrote in his reign, says, that "the temples which Hadrian either erected from the foundation, or adorned with dedicated gifts and decorations, or whatever donatious he made to the cities of the Greeks, and of the Barbarians also, who made application to him, were all recorded at Athens in the temple common to all the gods§."

contributed to the reputation, character, and dignity of every Government by which they have been encouraged, and how intimately they are connected with the advancement of every thing valuable in science, literature, and philosophy. In contemplating the importance and splendor to which so small a republic as Athens rose, by the genius and energy of her citizens, exerted in the path of such studies,

It is not unlikely, that a confused recol-it is impossible to overlook how transient lection of the statue which Hadrian actually placed at Athens, may have led one of the earliest travellers into a mistake, which has been repeated, and countenanced by subsequent writers: but Mr. Fauvel, who will be quoted presently, speaks as from his own examination and observation, when he mentions the two statues in question; which, it is to be observed, still remain (without their heads) upon the pediment of the entrance, and have not been removed by Lord Elgin.

the memory and fame of extended empires, and of mighty conquerors are, in comparison of those who have rendered inconsiderable states eminent, and immortalized their own names by these pursuits. But if it be true, as we learn from history and experience, that free governments afford a soil most suitable to the production of native talent, to the maturing of the powers of the human mind, and to the growth of every species of excellence, by opening to merit the prospect of reward and distinction, no country can be better adapted than our own to afford an honourable asylum to these monuments of the school of Phidias, and of the adminis

An exact copy of these drawings, by the Marquis de Nointel's painter, is given in Mr. Barry's works; which are rendered more valuable on account of the destruc-tration of Pericles; where, secure from furtion of a considerable part of the Temple in the Turkish war by the falling of a

* Folio edit. Paris 1620, p. 6.

† b. 69. c. 16.

Spartian, p. 10.

§ Paus. Att. p. 5. Ed. Xyl.

ther injury and degradation, they may receive that admiration and homage to which they are entitled, and serve, in return, as models and examples to those, who by knowing how to revere and appreciate them, may learn first to imitate, and ultimately to rival them.

March 25, 1816.

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COUNTIES ACCORDING TO THEIR

AREA.

Square English
Statule Statute
Acres.

COUNTIES.

Miles

1. York

2. Lincoln..

3. Devon

4. No folk....
5. Northumberland
6. Lancaster....

15. Salop..

5.961 3,815,040
2,748 1,758,720
2,579 1,650,560
2.092 1,338,880
1.871 1,197,440
1,831 1,171,840
1,050,880

1,052 673,280
656,640

7. Somerset

1,642

6. Southampton

1,628

1,041,920

9. Kent

1,537

10. Essex

1,532

983,680
980,480

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16. Cornwall

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20. Chester..

21. Derby

1,026

22. Northampton

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COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE AREA,
FERTILITY, AND AGRICULTURAL
POPULATION, OF THE SEVERAL
COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND
WALES.

Explanation of the Columns, with Observations."

COLUMN I-AREA of England and Wales, in Square Statute Miles, as measured upon Arrowsmith's Large Map (date 1815-16) which being founded on the Trigonometrical Survey is little liable to future alteration; and the Measurement of it having been accomplished by means of an actual Division of the Surface into Square Miles, scarcely admits of error as to the Area of England and Wales; nor would the Area of each County be less accurate supposing its detached parts to be all known. Of such irregularities Fiftythree have been taken into account in these Calculations, and those which remai u undiscovered are presumed to be of inconsiderable dimensions, though perhaps not few in number. Most of the detached parts are assessed in the County wherein they are locally situate.

To convert the English Square Mile into a measure applicable to the Maps of all civilized Nations (for the purposes of compa rison) it is only requisite to reckon it as Three-fourths of the Area of a Geogra phical Mile; or that Four Square English Miles are equal to Three Geographical. This proportion may be deemed exact; for supposing a Degree of Latitude (between 51 and 52°) to measure 60,864 Fathoms (on the authority of General Mudge) the Area of an English Square Mile compared to that of the Geographical Square Mile is as 300 to $99 6-10ths.

11.-RENTAL of Land as returned liable to the Tenant's Tax, for the year ending April 1811. See p. 65 of the Accounts relative to the Property-Tax, printed by Order of the House of Commons, 26 February 1819.

III. AMOUNT of TITHES (from p. 71 of the same Account) being £2,553,249 per Annum, upon a Rental of £29,476,852, or 1s. 74. in the £.; but a comparison of Columns II. and III. will shew how much this burden varies in the several Counties; Hampshire paying 3s. 10d. in the £, and Sussex Ss. 8d.; Lancashire no more than 8d. About Half the Tithes belong to the Parochial Clergy.

The Columns II. and III. added toge 57,960 37,094,400 ther, shew the ANNUAL VALUE of the

LAND as compared with the Area of the several Counties, supposing the Rental and

Tithe to have been assessed to the full Value. Several of the Counties are liable to some degree of inaccuracy in this Computation, not only from the detached parts before-mentioned, but also from certain Parishes extending into Two Counties, in both which cases the Assessment is made and the Tax levied wholly in whatever County may have been pointed out by the Annual Land Tax Acts, many of which contain Clauses of this kind; a different Rule, depending upon the situation of the Parish Church, is prescribed by the Militia Acts, while as to County Rates and the Poor Laws, and for all the purposes of Civil Jurisdiction, the ancient limit of the Two Counties is decisive, and attendances for Parish business are doubly expensive. No fewer than 184 Parishes are known to labour under this complicated inconvenience, which, as well as the irregular limits of Counties (before mentioned) obviously requires rectification, and at the same time all Extra Parochial places should be subjected to the otherways general Laws of the Realm.

IV. ANNUAL VALUE of LAND per Square Mile; and such Mile being 640 Statute Acres, the Annual Value of the Acre may thence be deduced. In this view the Counties of Leicester and Somerset are the most fertile (Middlesex always excepted) their whole Surface averaging at 28s. and 27s. per Acre. The whole Šurface of England and Wales averages at 17s. 2d. per Acre.

V.-POPULATION, according to the Returns of 1811, exclusive of the Army and Navy.

VI.-DENSITY of POPULATION, or number of Persons on a Square Mile.

producing £89 from each Agricultural Family, which is above double the average of the other counties. Some part of the County of Durham is, indeed, reckoned to. the Northumberland Assessment, from the cause of inaccuracy mentioned in the preceding Observations I. and III.; but, this circumstance allowed for to the utmost, Northumberland would exhibit a Surplus Produce of £80 per Agricultural Family, Durham being thereby raised to £58. But the high Rents of Northumberland are said to have required Abatement earlier and in a greater degree than elsewhere, when the depreciation of Agricultural Produce took place. All the Calculations herein made refer to the year 1811, as being the most recent in which both the Population and Rental were ascertained. If it were desirable to institute a similar Comparison for any subsequent year of which the Rental is procurable at the Tax Office, One and a Half per Cent. per Annum might be added to the Population of 1811, that having been the Rate of Increase in the preceding Ten Years.

SCOTLAND and IRELAND are nearly equal to each other in Area, and together are equal to ENGLAND and WALES. The Assessed Rental of SCOTLAND in 1811 was £3,899,364. J. R. 1816.

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE

FROM THE

BRITISH DOMINIONS IN INDIA,

AND THE

SETTLEMENTS IN THE EAST.

OF THE JEWS IN COCHIN. (From the Journals of Messrs. Nott and Hall, American Missionaries to India.)

VII.-PROPORTION of AGRICULTURAL POPULATION, expressed in Centesimal parts "We several times visited the Jews The Counties of Bedford and Hereford rank highest in this respect among the at Muttoncherry, near Cochin, went into English Counties, as shewing 68 families their synagogues, and conversed with their in 100 to be "employed in and main-priest and most intelligent men. tained by Agriculture;" in Wales, where the Division of Labour is not carried so far, and the Artisans and Tradesmen subsidiary to Agriculture are consequently less numerous, some of the Counties exhibit a higher proportion.

VIII.-AMOUNT OF THE NET PRODUCT, in the form of Rent and Tithe arising from each Family employed in Agriculture. The most obvious causes of great Surplus Pro- | duce of this kind are, a large proportion of Pasture, Fertility of Soil, and abundance of Capital judiciously applied. The County of Northumberland is very remarkable, as

"The White Jews have but one Synagogue in this part of the country. The Black Jews have eight. Of the White Jews there are forty-two families, and eighty males above thirteen years of age, at which time according to their custom they are no longer minors. Their whole number amounts to about two hundred souls. The whole number of Black Jews in this part of the country amounts, according to their estimate, to five or six hundred. Some intelligent European gentlemen thought that their number was much greater, but they gave no reasons for dif

JEWS.

fering from the estimate of the Jews themselves. The most interesting things about "The Jews are the first foreign inhabi these Jews are the time and manner oftants. Their origin and the period at their arriving in this country. We saw which they arrived at this place is buried the copper plates mentioned by Dr. Bu-in obscurity, at least we have not hitherto chanan. There can be no doubt but that found among them any notable memorials the Jews were here as early as 490 or memorandums, which could properly of the Christian era. But beyond this elucidate their arrival on this Coast, and all is darkness and uncertainty. They thereby remove every doubt on that score." differ widely among themselves, and seem to possess no authentic accounts of the ON THE ISLAND OF MADAGASCAR: time or manner of their coming to In(From Mr. Newell's Journal.) dia. It does not appear that many of the White Jews understand Hebrew, though at a million and a half; whether this esti"The population of Madagascar is rated they all read printed Hebrew in their Sy-mate be correct or not, I was not able to nagogue. We were told that none of the Black Jews understood Hebrew, and that none of them are intelligent and well informed men. The White Jews all agree in saying that the Black Jews are not of Jewish descent. They say, that when the Jews first came to this country, they bought Hindoo slaves, and that they circumcised them, and educated them in the Jewish religion. Eventually these Black Jews became numerous, and the White Jews judging it expedient for several reasons, began to release the former, and to allow them to build separate synagogues, but they were not considered as qualified to perform the synagogue worship without the superintendance of a White Jew, which as we were informed, is the case to this day.

"The White Jews still hold slaves whom they pointed out to us, and they certainly had the very likeness of the Black Jews. They allow the Black Jews no terms of equality, and will not allow them to sit in the Synagogue, except on the floor. On the other hand the Black Jews claim to themselves the most remote residence in the country, but we saw no evidence to support such a claim. They certainly seem to have the exact countenance of the natives, and could not be distinguished from them, as all other religious sects in India, are distinguished, by their dress, some mark on their face, or by something in the cut of the hair or beard; all of which are under the direction of their religion. So far from this are the White Jews, that by their features and complexion, they are known as readily as the Englishman. Indeed, by common consent, a great part of the White Jews, (some say threefourths) have emigrated from European states within two or three centuries past.

EXTRACTS

From the Cochin Register made in 1781, under the direction of Arrian Moens, the Datch Governor at that time.

ascertain. I conversed with a gentleman, who had resided some time on the island; and with another who had been cast away there, and had seen different parts of it, and with several, who had touched at different places on the coast. From the information of these persons I collected the following particulars, in which they all agreed.

"The people are divided into a great many separate and independent tribes, which are subject to their respective chiefs; there is no union among them, no commou other, and the prisoners, which are taken chief; they are generally at war with each in battle are either sold to slavery, or put to death. Since the abolition of the slave trade, they are generally put to death; five hundred have been known to be executed at once.

"There is no such thing as law or justice among these people. The stronger bears rule. It is a common thing to make prisoners of all white men who go among them. Several instances of this have recently occurred.

"The Madagascars are evidently of the negro race. They are not quite so black as the negroes in America, but have nearly the same features, and their heads are covered with wool instead of hair. I have seen them frequently in the Isle of France. There is no written language in Madagascar, and no language that is common to different tribes. There is a vast variety of dialects there, as in most savage

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countries.

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