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siderable property in Kerry, to the improvement of which he applied himself with great zeal, thereby earning the gratitude and affection of his tenants at a time when the feeling against all landlords if supporters of the English Government was most bitter. Here he entertained Durnford during one of the long vacations while they were at Oxford, and the latter derived his personal impressions of Ireland entirely from this visit, as he never again entered the country. The correspondence between the two friends continued till Marshall's early death in 1837. He fell a victim to consumption, which had already carried off all his brothers and sisters; and during his last illness, while lying a hopeless invalid at Torquay with his mind entirely devoted to his approaching end, he was visited by Durnford, who recorded with great minuteness the substance of their conversation on Marshall's religious convictions, and also on his intentions respecting the succession to his property, which he had determined to leave to a distant relative not yet arrived at manhood. Among his letters to Durnford are several references to the life at Magdalen. The following was written in April 1827, after Durnford's election to a Fellowship:

'I am delighted at 's secession and your consequent elevation. Your mind is doubtless ere this filled with the full dignity of Donship, though that countenance of yours, with the exception of the [word illegible] is little indicative of the High Table. I am not surprised at the account you give of the

Magdalen gentlemen commoners. I should only be surprised if, constituted as the College is, they were other than they are. That common room is a most pernicious thing.'

The next letter is dated May, 1829, and was written after Durnford had decided on taking Holy Orders and had abandoned his previous intention of adopting the Bar as his profession :

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'Confess that your change of profession had its origin in idleness. . You know as well as I do that you require some present stimulus to exertion which the profession of the Law would have afforded you, but that of the Church will not. I am confident you had applied you would have succeeded at the Bar, having great elocution and quickness of repartee. I fancy I see you some years hence such a being as old Chapman-to whom, by the way, I think you have a considerable likeness-perambulating the cloisters with a bare sufficiency of ideas to keep the centre of the pavé and find the way to the Hall.'

While reading for his degree Durnford became a private pupil of James Garbett, Fellow of Brasenose, and first-class in Lit. Hum. in 1822. Garbett was a fine scholar and was elected Professor of Poetry in 1842 after a contest with Isaac Williams, which stirred the University to its depths, being a trial of strength between the Evangelical and Tractarian parties. Subsequently he became a Prebendary and Archdeacon of Chichester, which office he held during the first nine years of Bishop Durnford's episcopate. During this time he never fully realised

that the former relations of tutor and pupil had been reversed, and his advice was tendered in a manner rather suggestive of their permanence.

Among the friends outside his own college with whom Mr. Durnford principally associated were J. G. Cole, of Exeter, Sir S. R. Glynne, of Christ Church, C. Palairet, of Queen's, and T. W. Carr, of Brasenose, to whom reference has been already made. He was with Mr. Durnford in college at Eton, though somewhat senior, and gained the Ellerton Theological Essay Prize in 1826. He was subsequently ordained and held several curacies in the diocese of Norwich, from which he corresponded with his friend in a spirit of affection and intimacy showing the strength of their attachment. The following letter, written by him in April, 1827, is interesting:

'I have been at J. B. Sumner's since I saw you, and had a delightful time. He, indeed, is a

charming Christian and true pastor. Never was there a person more judiciously zealous. I preached before him, and he since has written, I think, invit

ing correspondence. We spoke much of you. He said all he wished to hear of you was that you had a lively interest in "the one thing needful." I told him I was afraid you used at Oxford to abuse Evangelicals, but I hoped you would soon be more forbearing.'

Another letter from Carr, of the same year, describes Mr. Durnford as follows:

'There is a certain bonhomie about your manner

of saying things, even in condemnation, which always saves you from resentment. Just the reverse with me, who, G. Vernon used to say, showed so much of "the lurking devil in my sneer," that I am sure to make enemies. I get on much better with ladies than men. I sometimes flatter myself that I have found the key to their vanities, but however that may be, they are the only persons I am ever a favourite with, whilst you are always in all men's praises and in ladies' also.'

Some further reference to Carr will be made in connection with Mr. Durnford's return to Eton as a private tutor. He died in 1840. Of the other friends, J. G. Cole became a Fellow of Exeter, where, in April, 1827, he is reported by a common friend to be endeavouring to improve the vulgar taste of the High Table by introducing sundry French ragoûts and fricassées.' He subsequently inherited property at Marazion, Cornwall, from his uncle, Sir Christopher Cole, K.C.B., and owned a house in Charles Street, Berkeley Square, where Mr. Durnford afterwards frequently stayed with him. Of Sir S. Glynne, whose name is so well known in connection with his brother-in-law, Mr. Gladstone, it is unnecessary to speak. Charles Palairet devoted himself to clerical work in Newfoundland. In all these cases the friendship which originated at school or college was maintained through life.

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CHAPTER II

Private Tutorship-Travels on the Continent-Extracts from Journal -Presented to Rectory of Middleton-Description of the ParishHis Influence with the People-Description of the Church-Parish Work-Schools-Visiting-His Marriage-Relations with the First Bishop of Manchester-Made Archdeacon of Manchester-Interest in Municipal Affairs-His Garden-His Friendships-Bishopric of Chichester accepted.

IN 1826 Mr. Durnford was offered and accepted the position of 'private tutor' at Eton to Edward Harbord, the eldest son of Lord Suffield, and the next five years were spent either at Eton or at Gunton Park, Lord Suffield's country seat. He had ultimately two of Lord Suffield's sons under his tuition. It was then far more common than it is now for boys of good family to have, in addition to their regular tutor at Eton, a private tutor who supervised their work and gave the individual attention which could not be given in any other way owing to the small number of masters; and Mr. Durnford found among the private tutors of that day one at least whose society was thoroughly congenial, and with whom he formed a close and lasting friendship-George Augustus Selwyn, who became the first Bishop of New Zealand, and afterwards Bishop of Lichfield. In a letter from his friend Carr, of Brasenose College, written in 1826, his

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