Lectures on the History of Physiology during the Sixteenth,

Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries. By Sir M. FOSTER. (158. net. Cambridge University Press.) Every real student with the smallest dash of imagination cannot fail to be interested in the history of science. If only as an antidote in these days of feverish and too often shoddy research, it is good to contemplate those sober spirits of the past who devoted their lives to science, without the need for the hundred-and-one stimuli which nowadays goad the ambitious and worldly into that groove. No physiologist in recent times could use the English language with greater power than could the late Sir Michael Foster, and it is with real delight that we welcome this reprint of a great classic of physiological literature, which has been out of print for so long that many students of physiology of the present generation have been unable to secure a copy of it. The history of physiology is closely knit together with that of other experimental sciences, but especially with chemistry. Take John Mayow, Black, Priestley, or Lavoisier, for instance. It is certainly true (though the converse may not be) that there has been no really great conception in chemical science that has not left a deep and lasting mark-sometimes a scar on physiology; the phlogiston theory, for example. Stephen Hales was a great experimental botanist, as well as a physiologist. Harvey was a great morphologist. A book like the present one should therefore appeal to students in many branches of science, and also, by reason of its human interest to general readers too, if only to show how, like the poet's sultans, theory after theory, with its pomp,

Abode his hour or two and went his way."

Science and Human Affairs? From the Viewpoint of Biology. By Prof. W. C. CURTIS. (15s. net. Bell.) This book consists of three approximately equal parts. The first is a survey of the origins of science in the ancient world, of its decline in the Middle Ages, and of the emergence and development of modern science. Part II of the book traces the development of scientific biology, and gives a good acount of modern theories of evolution and heredity. In Part III— in our opinion the least successful section of the book-the author discusses various aspects-philosophical, psychological, and social-of modern scientific research and practice. The book as a whole should help appreciably to interpret the aims and ideals of science to the mind of the public. It contains twentyseven interesting diagrams.

Greek Biology and Medicine.

By H. O. TAYLOR. (5s. net. Harrap.)

Under the general title Our Debt to Greece and Rome," Messrs. Harrap are publishing a series of essays of which this is one. The lay reader, for whom it is written, will probably be astonished to learn from it how great were the achievements of such pioneers as Hippocrates, Aristotle, Theophrastus, and Galen in biology and medicine, although, as the author points out, our modern indebtedness is less for their substance than for the clear spirit of scientific investigation." The book is well written, and may be read with pleasure and profit by all who are interested in the history of the biological sciences. A Dictionary of Applied Physics. Edited by Sir R. GLAZEBROOK. In Five Volumes. Vol. IV.-Light-Sound-Radiology. (63s. net. Macmillan.)

The successive volumes of Sir Richard Glazebrook's "Dictionary of Applied Physics" fully maintain the high standard set by the first, and the complete series will be an indispensable part of the equipment of every institution where advanced physics is practised or taught. It is almost invidious to mention individual contributors, but we must not fail to draw special attention to the theoretical articles by Prof. Barton on " Sound," by Prof. Darwin on "Quantum and Radiation Theory," and by Prof. Conrady on Optics of the Microscope." Amongst the articles describing the results of recent experiments largely carried out by the writers themselves, we notice contributions from Dr. Coblentz on I Data in the Infra-Red," from Prof. Lowry on "Optical Rotation," and from Lord Rayleigh on the Scattering of Light by Gases." The technical aspects of light are dealt with in a series of articles, many of which are contributed by investigators at the National Physical Laboratory. Our thanks are due to editor and authors alike for an invaluable work. Alternating Current Electrical Engineering. By W. T. MACCALL. (15s. University Tutorial Press.)

As a text-book for students of electrical engineering this volume dealing with alternating current practice, may be strongly recommended. It is illustrated by a large number of clear diagrams, and contains plenty of questions and numerical problems. The work appears to be thoroughly up to date, and

Third

that the treatment is comprehensive is shown by the inclusion of a chapter on lamps, rectifiers, and valves. There is also a suggestive chapter on harmonic analysis with examples. Outlines of Evolutionary Biology. By Prof. A. Dendy. Edition (Revised and Enlarged). (16s. net. Constable.) It is important, as Prof. Dendy remarks, that the general public should realize that the foundations of the doctrine of evolution have been in no way undermined by recent investigations, but, on the contrary, have been strengthened and extended. In this expert but impartial account the doctrine is presented from various angles in the light of recent discovery and speculation. In the nature of things, such an exposition demands rather close attention and thought from the reader, but it is as free from technicalities as a book of the kind can be, and the style is admirably clear throughout. This new edition of a deservedly popular book contains a considerable amount of new matter, notably a brief description of the remarkable work of Morgan and his colleagues on the location of Mendelian factors. It is significant of the author's judicial attitude that he considers the modern doctrine of the non-inheritance of acquired characters to be still an open question. No one seriously interested in biology can afford to miss the book. It is provided with nearly 200 helpful and attractive illustrations and a glossary of technical terms.

Plant Names. By Dr. T. S. LINDSAY. (2s. 6d. net. The Sheldon Press.)

Every school library ought to possess a copy of this very instructive and entertaining little book. It abounds in curious derivations, which will delight all lovers of plants.

Engineering Science: A Text-Book for Engineers and Engineering

Students. By A. G. ROBSON. (7s. 6d. net. Chapman & Hall.) The syllabus of Engineering Science, which has developed quite recently and is the product of efforts to establish in technical schools a satisfactory course in mechanical engineering, includes mechanics, hydraulics, and the theory of heat and heat engines. A text-book suitable for students taking the subject must include a wide-range of experimental work, with the necessary minimum of theory, and a varied selection of examples or problems: in these respects the volume under review fulfils its purpose satisfactorily. As the preface states, it is assumed that the student has taken previously a course in general elementary science; and, it may be added, in some sections a sound knowledge of elementary mathematics is necessary. The chief point for criticism is the frequent occurrence of sentences in which the composition is at fault; thus, on page 112, 'Joule found that a load of 778 lb. secured I ft. above a level, could by means of rotating vanes in 1 lb. of water as the load fell, raise the temperature of the water 1° F. ": also, on page 98, The shear upon the section is the resultant shearing thrust of all the thrusts to either side of the section." Wireless of To-day. Describing the Growth of Wireless Tele

graphy and Telephony from their Inception to the Present Day, the Principles on which they work, the Methods by which they are operated, and their most Up-to-date Improvements, all told in non technical Language. By C. R. GIBSON and W. B. COLE. (7s. 6d. net. Seeley, Service.) This is a well-written and trustworthy account of the subject ; and it can be recommended to non-scientific readers. Butterflies and Moths and How to Know Them. By Dr. S. C JOHNSON. (IS. net. Holden.) Jy. British Spiders: Their Lives, Loves, and Tragedies. By E. C. ASH. (Is. net. Holden.) Jy. Pond Life: A Story of a Strange World. By E. C. ASH. (IS. net. Holden.)

Judged by present-day standards, these useful little books are astonishingly cheap. They are simply and interestingly written, are of convenient size for the pocket, and should be popular among young naturalists.

The Properties of Engineering Materials. By W. C. POPPLEWELL and H. CARRINGTON. (285. net. Methuen.)

This is an excellent text-book on Strength of Materials," which should appeal not only to third and fourth year students of engineering at the universities, but also to the practising engineer. The book is in two parts: the first gives the usual mathematics and is comparable with such text-books as those of Sir J. A. Ewing and Prof. Morley; the second, devoted to a discussion of the properties, modes of manufacture, and testing of materials, owes much to Prof. Unwin's "Testing of (Continued on page 428.)

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the Materials of Construction." It is particularly valuable to the student, as there are an unusually large number of worked examples and many illustrations; references are given in footnotes. Comprehensive as the book is, we have noticed some omissions. For example, there are several pages on the heat treatment of steel, but no reference to such general effects of temperature change on the properties of materials as have recently been investigated by Prof. Lea: there is a chapter on the optical method, but no account of Prof. Coker's experiments on cutting tools and on contact pressures and stresses, which may yield valuable results in the near future: many standard tests are given, but no details of the Charpy and Frémont tests. Further, the chapter on Hardness' might be improved as details of the work of Sir Robert Hadfield, Dr. Rosenhain, Messrs. H. Moore, R. L. Smith, and others are now readily accessible. A bibliography would make it easier for the student to extend his reading and for the authors to bring their matter up to date in future editions.

Architectural Building Construction: A Text-Book for the Architectural and Building Student. By W. R. JAGGARD and F. E. DRURY. Volume II, Part II. (18s. net. Cambridge University Press.)

In most books on Building Construction, the subject is entirely divorced from architectural design and isolated " parts" are discussed. The plan adopted by Messrs. Jaggard and Drury is novel and educationally sound, although open to the objection that its scope is limited, as each detail belongs to one or other of two buildings, general contract drawings of which are given. The first fourteen chapters deal with carpentry, joinery, plumber's work, plastering, glazing, and painting, the figures and illustrations being clear and well selected. An excellent short chapter on materials follows. The limitations imposed by the authors' scheme leads to somewhat empirical treatment roofs, for example, are not designed without the use of stress figures. In such cases we should have preferred a more general treatment. The book should be valuable to students, but we suggest the addition of a list of reference books. A complete contrast is afforded by:

A First Course in Building Construction. Formerly entitled, First

Stage Building Construction.

By Dr. B. CUNNINGHAM.

Third Edition. (4s. 6d. University Tutorial Press.) Written frankly for special examinations, the matter is so condensed that the book almost resembles a dictionary of technical terms, a resemblance aided by the mixture of type used. Redeeming features are Chapter X which deals with wooden roofs in an interesting way and Chapter XVI which gives an elementary discussion on ironwork in buildings.

The Geology of the Metalliferous Deposits. By Dr. R. H. RASTALL. (21s. net. Cambridge University Press.)

Dr. Rastall is so well known as an expositor that there is no need to praise the present volume. It may well stand in the library of the ordinary geologist, who cannot collect the more ambitious treatises, beside T. Crook's Economic Mineralogy," as a book of ready reference. The diagrams gathered from recent sources show the ore-deposits in their relation to the rocks of the districts successively described, and we could wish, as geologists, for a few photographs of actual rock-faces, such as those published in some American bulletins. Where so much ground is covered in a single handy volume, we can hardly ask for more. We might have liked a mention of the remarkable iron-ore, chamosite, exploited in the inclement Isle of Raasay. The index of place-names does not do justice to some of the major descriptions in this very useful volume, nor does that styled general" include all the minerals justly regarded as imp ortant. The book is excellently produced. Chemical Encyclopædia: A Digest of Chemistry and Chemica Industry. By C. T. KINGZETT. Third Edition. (30s. net Baillière, Tindall & Cox.)

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TRAVEL BY POSTER.-Miss M. W. Guy, of the Brighton Grammar School, is arranging to hold an exhibition of the School Travel Collection of Posters, Maps, and Pamphlets in the Whitechapel Art Galleries in October next. The movement was started with the idea of giving practical illustrations in geography lessons by means of posters issued as advertisements by various towns and agencies, and it has already attracted wide attention.

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After many delays this monumental work can now be announced as ready early in June. This is a unique book and a fine piece of scholarship. Demy 8vo. Cloth. 12s. 6d. net. Postage 8d. THE ORAL METHOD OF TEACHING LANGUAGES. A suggestive book by the adviser to the Japanese Department of Education, expounding the merits of this method. 3rd Impression. 'Thoughtful and practical."-Spectator. Crown 8vo.

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