fect is produced by the locusts? 7. What effect is produced by the corals ? 8. What parts of the world are troubled with the corals? 9. What animals Aourish in the temperate zone ? 10. What animals are found near the 60th degree of latitude ? 11. What parts of the world produce the best furs ? 12. What ferocious animal inhabits the frigid zone ? 13. What remarkable fish in the polar seas? TEMPERATURE. The two leading causes which affect the temperature of any region are distance from the equator, and elevation above the level of the sea. In proportion as you go from the equator towards the poles the cold increases, and in proportion as you ascend above the level of the sea the cold increases. Hence, uoder the equator, low countries are excessively hot and unhealthy, but regions elevated 6,000 or 8,000 feet enjoy a delightful temperature, while at 13,000 or 14,000 feet, the climate is the same as in the frozen zone, and at 15,000 feet is the region of perpetual congelation, where ice never melts, and all mountains are covered above this height with eternal snow. The following table shows the mean tenperature at the level of the sea, in all the successive latitudes, and the height at which perpetual congelation takes place. Latitude. Mean Temperature. Perpetual Congelation. Feet. 15,207 14,764 13,478 11,484 9,001 6,334 3,818 1,778 457 32° 0' 0 80 90 Questions. 1. What are the two leading causes which affect the temperature of any place ? 2. In ascending a lofty mountain does the climate become warmer or colder ? 3. What is the climate of low countries in the torrid zone ? 4. What is the climate of places near the equator, which are elevated 6,000 or 8,000 feet above the level of the sea ? 5. What is the climate at the height of 15,000 feet under the equator ? 6. What is the climate at 9,000 feet in the latitude of 40°? 7. How high must a mountain rise in latitude 80° before its top will be covered with perpetual snow? 8. What is the mean temperature at the level of the sea, under the equator ? INDEX. Aberdeen 482 Barbadoes island 588 Ararat mountain 486 Barbary states 295 Barbuda island 366 Barca 274 Barcelona 449 Arkansas river 72, 221 Bassora 221 Batavia 491 Bath, England, 449 Bath, Maine, 529|Bathurst 517 Aruba island 255 Bavaria 596 Bayonne 591 Ascension island 599 Beaufort, S. C. 579 Bedouins 481 Begherme 530 Belfast 166 Assumption 286 Belgrade 496 Bellows' falls 489 Atacama desert 284 Beloochistan 477 Benares 529 Benguela 408 Benin 81 Ben Nevis 468 Berbice 553 Bergen 464 Bergoo 589 Berlin 601 Bermuda islands Berne 491 Beverly 436 Biafra 415 Bilboa 489 Biledulgerid 502 Birmingham 581 Babr el Azrek 588 Black river 494 Black sea 496 Blakely 491 Blue ridge 397 Bog river 299 Bogdo mountains 142]Bokhara 579 298 579 572 434 503 594 Bologna 594 Bombay 551 Bona 81 Bonn 518 294 Bootan 543 Cape of Good Hope 581 Cochin, China 533 445 426 527 473 Caraccas city 265 Colorado river 228 95 Caribbean islands 235 Columbia river 73, 224 389 Caribs, Indians, 267 Columbia college, 1361 N. Y. 124 346 Columbia District 144 415 Columbia, S. C. 161 195 449 Carpathian moun Comorro islands 594 275 293 571 Concord 262 Congo river 5 75 580 106 482 Connecticut river 72, 107 416 Constance lake 395 81 Constantina 572 458 Constantinople 476 260 Copenhagen 352 293 270 Copts 552 Coquimbo 527 Cordova, S. America 286 544 477 334 393 201 368 388 Cosseir 564 Cherson 366 Council bluff 372 509, 510 Chiapa de los Indios 234 Creek Indians 366 238 280 195 Cuidad Real 235 266 517 Chimborazo mount'n 259 Cumberland river 188 534 Curacoa island 254 273 532 Choctaw Indians 174 Cyprus 340 Dahomey 580 344 585 488 564 425 427 Danube river 300, 466 478 595 Darfur 595 416 427 Dartmonth college 86 419 Dead sea 487 473 253 431 Delaware state 138|Forth river 318 Grand isle 216 276 576 Grand river, Miss. 218 Grand river, U. C. 65 302 478 489 56 155 Frankfort on the Green mountains 77, 89 Oder 427 Green bay settlement 215 595 Franklin, Missouri, 210 Grenada island 586 Fredericksburg, Va. 151 Guadaloupe island 377 Frederickston, N. B. 61 Guadalquiver river 431 414 Guanaxuato city Guancavelica 274 353 Guaraunos, Indians, 266 Guatimala 591 Guatimala city 234 577 Guayaquil 317 268 578 471 449 49 Garonne river 384 Hæmus mountains 377 542 426 397 Hallowell 459 Hamburg 421 174 George lake 115 Hamilton college 353 Georgetown, D. C. 146 Hampden Sidney college 153 410 70 135 164 Hartford 108 514 Hartz mountains 401 377 Harvard college 99 337 Havannah 441 Hayti 228 Hebrides 553 Heckla mount 510 97 Herculaneum 578 Hermon mount 589 Hesse Cassel 577 Hesse Darmstadt 419 Hesse Homburg 344 Hildburghausen 419 573 Gothland island 349 Himmaleh mts. 346 Hindoo Coosh mts. 509 512 578|Hispaniola 378 Grampian mts. 320|Hoang-ho river 435 Hockhocking river 193 124 239 210 497 416 415 66 Hohenzollera 420 Knoxville 184 Madras $19 425 Madrid 433 696 Maese river 374 592 494 Magdalena river 260 426 Maggiore lake 449 521 403 79 530 435 344 530 349 Maldives 528 581 31 1 Malstrom 342 463 566 317 323 Manchester 310 221 576 415 378 Mantchoos country 546 470 264 576 Licking river 188 Maracaibo city 279 331 Marblehead 97 273 Margarita island 335 Mariegalante 547|Lipari islands 458 Marietta 317 Lippe Detmold 420 Marquesas 388 308 Martha's Vineyard 102 Luango 251 384 Maryland 140 500 306 Massachusetts 92 590 2571 599 174 580 189 Meaco 547 422 Mecca 500 462 Mecklenburg 417 500 512|Lyme mountains 257 Mediterranean sea 299 419 97 Melinda 592 887 Melville island 601 Memphremagog lake 89 286 81 Menomonees 219 529 Missouri, 407 268 |