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List of the Articles Exported.

TABLE III. Showing the principal articles of domestic produce exported from the United States in 1817, arranged according to their value.

Articles exported.

Value.

Proportion of the whole.

J. Cotton,

$22,628,000

per. cent. 33.12.

2. Wheat, flour and biscuit,

18,432,000

26.98

3. Tobacco,

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4. Lumber,gles, hoops, hewn timber, 3,196,000

4.68

masts and spars,)

5. Rice,

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6. Pot and pearl ashes,

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7. Indian corn, and meal,

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8. Dried and pickled fish,

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9. Beef, tallow, hides and live cattle.

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10. Skins and furs,

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11. Rye and meal,

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12. Pork, bacon, lard and live hogs,

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13. Horses and mules,

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14. Soap and tallow candles,

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15. Gunpowder,

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16. Tar, pitch, rosin and turpentine,

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Whale oil, whale bone and
spermaceti candles,

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18. Flax-seed,

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19. Butter and cheese,

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Remarks. The cotton was raised almost entirely in the states south of Virginia and Kentucky. The wheat and flour were raised principally in the middle and western states, and the tobacco in Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina. The lumber was cut chiefly in the forests of Maine, New Hampshire, and the low country of the Carolinas and Georgia. The rice grew undoubtedly in the swamps of the Carolinas, Georgia and Louisiana. The pot and pearl ashes came from New England and New York, The dried and the Indian corn from every part of the Union. fish are cod fish; the pickled fish are herrings, shad, salmon and mackerel. Almost all of them were caught by the fishermen of Massachusetts. The beef, tallow, hides and cattle were raised principally in the pastures of New England. The skins and furs were purchased from the Indian hunters. The rye, pork, horses, mules, soap and candles came chiefly from New England, but partly from the middle and western states. The tar, pitch, rosin and turpentine were obtained from the Carolina pines. The whale oil, whale bone and spermaceti candles were the fruits of the enterprise of the Nantucket and New Bedford whale men.

Questions. 1. What is the principal article of export from the United States? What portion of the whole is cotton? 2. What is the second article of export, in value? How large a portion of the whole is wheat and flour? 3. Mention the seven articles next in value to wheat in their order. 4. Where is the cotton raised? 5. Where is the wheat raised? the tobacco? the lumber? the rice? 6. Who caught the fish? 7. Where were the cattle raised? &c.

Increase and decrcase of Exports.

TABLE IV. Showing the increase and decrease in the quantity of the staple productions of the United States exported at different periods.

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Remarks. It is worthy of remark in this table, that the amount of cotton exported has increased regularly from 100,000 pounds to more than 85,000,000. It is now the staple production of the United States, and constitutes one third of the whole value of our exports. This astonishing revolution in our agriculture and commerce is to be ascribed to the invention, by Mr. Whitney, of a machine for cleansing upland cotton from its seeds. Before the invention of that machine, it was so difficult to cleanse the cotton, that the cultivation of it was not profitable. But now it is culti vated in all the country south of Virginia and Kentucky, where the land will admit of it. The fourth and fifth columns show that the amount of tobacco and rice has decreased. This was owing to the increase in the amount of cotton; for, when the cultivation of cotton became profitable, the planters neglected tobacco, rice, indigo, and every other crop, and employed their slaves almost exclusively on their cotton plantations.

Questions. 1. Which of the exports of the United States has increased most since 1790, cotton, flour, tobacco, or rice? 2. Which next? 3. Which has decreased? 4. What occasioned the increase in the cultivation of cotton? 5. What occasioned the decrease in the cultivation of tobacco and rice ?

Destination of the Exports.

TABLE V. Showing the annual value of the produce exported to each foreign country, calculated on the average of ten years, ending September 30, 1812.

(From Seybert's Statistical Annals.)

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Remarks. The amount of exports to the various countries is very different in different years; but the British dominions always receive the largest portion of our domestic produce, particularly cotton. The Spanish, Portuguese and French dominions, have usually been next to the British.

The period to which the table refers was a period of war, during which the carrying trade of the continental powers fell into our hands. From the fourth column it appears that the nations for which we carried most were the Dutch, French, and Spanjards. Since the return of peace in 1815, the quantity of the foreign produce exported from this country, as appears from Table I. has been very small, compared with its amount from 1802 to 1812, and in 1816 and 1817 the largest portion of it went to

the South American states. From the seventh column it appears that more than one fourth part of the whole produce exported during the period mentioned in the table, went to the British dominions. In 1816 and 1817 the proportion was about one half.

Questions. 1. Which foreign nation received the largest amount of our domestic produce between 1802 and 1812 ? 2. Which three nations stood next to the British? 3. Which nation received the greatest amount of foreign produce from the United States? 4. Which two nations stood next to the Dutch? 5. How large a portion of our exports between 1802 and 1812. was destined to the British dominions?

A List of the principal Articles Imported.

TABLE VI. Showing the annual value of the several species of merchandize imported into the United States, the value of what was exported with allowance of drawback, and the value of that portion on which duties were actually collected, together with the net duty paid on each article, calculated on the average of the three years ending September 30, 1804.

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Remarks. The goods paying duties ad valorem, (that is, a certain per cent. on the value of the article) constitute commonly more than one half of our imports. They consist principally of manufactured goods, particularly woollens and cottons. The coffee, sugar, rum, and other articles above enumerated, pay specific duties: that is, a certain sum on every pound or gallon of their weight or measure.

Of the goods paying duties ad valorem, more than three quarters came from the British dominions, and the rest chiefly from China, Germany, Russia, and France. From the table it appears, that nearly all these goods were consumed within the United States, only one tenth part being re-exported. The coffee camę

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