are now both dead, and the island has become the theatre of new revolutions.

Capes and Bays.] At the N. W. extremity of the island is cape St. Nicholas or the Mole; in the N. E. old cape Francois or Cabo Viejo Francois; in the S. E. cape Engano; and in the S. W. cape Tiburon. On the eastern side of the island. between old cape Francois and cape Engano the most prominent points are cape Cabran, cape Samana, and cape Raphael. On the south side are cape Espada, a little S. W. of cape Engano; cape Mondon, the most southern point of the island, and point Abacou a little S. E. of cape Tiburon. On the western coast are cape Dame Maria, a little N. of cape Tiburon, and cape St. Marc near lat. 19° N Point Isabella on the northern coast is the most northern extremity of the island.

Samana bay sets up at the E. end of the island between cape Samana on the N. and cape Raphael on the S. The Bite of Leogane is a very large bay at the west end of the island setting up between cape Maria on the S. and cape Nicholas on the N.

Rivers.] The river Yuna flows upwards of 70 miles through the beautiful and fertile valley of Vega Real in an E. S. E. direction and falls into the bay of Samana. The Monte Christi heads near the Yuna and runs W. N. W. about the same distance to the bay of Monte Christi. The Ozama runs in a S. S. E. direction, and discharges itself just below the city of St. Domingo. Artibonite river rises near the centre of the island, and flowing west discharges itself into the Bite of Leogane a little N. of Cape St. Marc.

Face of the country.] An elevated chain of mountains called the Cibao mountains commences near cape St. Nicholas,and pursu ing a . E. direction across the island terminates near cape Espada. Three summits near the centre of the range are said to be about 6,000 feet above the level of the sea. A western spur from the principal range ends at cape St. Marc.. A chain in the N. E. called Monte Christi commences at the bay of the same name and terminates at the bay of Samana. In the eastern part of the island are extensive plains or savannahs. Eastward from the city of St. Domingo they stretch out to the extent of 80 miles in length by 20 or 25 in breadth.

Soil and Productions] The soil in general is well watered and fertile in the highest degree, producing every variety of useful vegetable. The plains alone, in the Spanish part of the island, according to Edwards, are capable of producing more sugar and other valuable commodities than all the British West Indies put together; and nothing is wanting to render these fertile districts a scene of successful cultivation, but a suitable degree of industry and enterprize among the Spanish colonists. They are sunk, however, into a state of such deplorable indolence that a great part of the country is merely a beautiful wilderness, occupied by immense herds of swine, horses and horned cattle. The principal agricultural productions are sugar, coffee and cotton, which are raised in abundance and of a fine quality.

Climate. The climate is moist and hot, the thermometer in the plains rising as high as 99°, but on some of the highest mountains in the interior the heat is not oppressive, and a fire is even at times found necessary. Hurricanes are seldom experienced. The climate is frequently fatal to Europeans, particularly on the sea coast, and has proved a powerful ally to the blacks when they have been invaded.

Chief Towns. Cape Henry, formerly Cape Francois, is on the N. side of the island, about 30 leagues E. of Cape St. Nicholas, on a promontory, at the edge of a large plain 60 miles long and 12 broad. Its harbor is one of the most secure and convenient in the whole island. Before the revolution it was the largest town in the French part of the island, containing between 800 and 900 houses of stone or brick, and 20,000 inhabitants. The plain on which the town is placed is well watered and highly cultivated.

Port au Prince is at the bottom of the Bite or large bay which sets up on the west side of the island. It has an excellent harbor, but the situation is low and marshy, and the climate unhealthy. To the east of the town is the noble plain of Cul de Sac from 30 to 40 miles in length by nine in breadth, and containing numerous sugar plantations. Population 20,000.

St. Domingo, the capital of the Spanish part of the island, is on the west bank of Ozama river, and was formerly a flourishing city, but is now in a state of decline. The cathedral is a noble Gothic pile, in which the ashes of Columbus rested till 1796, when they were removed to the Havana. The harbor is large but not very secure. Population about 12,000.

The Mole is a port in the N. W. part of the island, 6 miles E. of Cape St. Nicholas. Though inferior in many respects to Cape Henry and Port au Prince, it is the safest harbor on the island in time of war, being strongly fortified both by nature and art. The situation is remarkably healthy.

Leogane, 30 miles W. by S. of Port au Prince in a beautiful valley half a league from the sea. was formerly a place of considerable commerce. St. Mark is a pleasant town, at the head of a small bay of the same name, 40 miles N. W. of Port au Prince. Monte Christi on the N. coast, near a cape and island of the same name, in the Spanish part of the island, was formerly a noted resort of smugglers.

Population.] The French part of the island contained in 1789, according to the estimate of Edwards, 30,831 whites, 24,000 mulattoes, and 480,000 slaves; in all, 534,831. The Spanish part contained in 1785, according to census, 152,640; in 1798, according to Alcedo 125,000, of whom 110,000 were free and 15,000 slaves. The population in both parts of the island is supposed to have declined within the last 30 years, and may now be estimated at 30,000 whites and 500,000 blacks.

Religion. The established religion in all parts of the island is the Roman Catholic; but the late king Christophe tolerated every denomination in his dominions, and the instructors employed

40 and 18° 30' N. lat. and between 76° 18′ and 78° 57′ W. lon. It is of an oval form,about 150 miles long, and on an average more than 40 broad, containing 6,400 square miles, or 4,090,000 acres. The island is divided into three counties as

Divisions.] follows:

Counties.

TTT

Cornwall

Towns.
3

Parishes.
5

Middlesex

1

8

Surry

7

Total

6

20

Villages.

13

8

27

Face of the Country.] A range of lofty mountains called the Blue mountains, runs through the whole island from E. to W. and rises in some of its most elevated peaks to the height of more than 7.000 feet above the level of the sea. The aspect of the country on the opposite sides of this range is widely different. On the N. side of the island the land rises from the shore into hills and swells, which are remarkable for their beauty, being all of gentle acclivity and commonly separated from each other by spacious vales, and romantic rivulets. As you proceed towards the interior the land becomes more elevated, and is clothed with almost boundless forests; and in the centre of the island it rises into lofty mountains whose heads are lost in the clouds. The southern front of the main ridge of the Blue mountains is generally rough and craggy; but as you descend on the south side you meet with several lower ridges, running parallel with the principal one, the summits of which are more round and smooth, and at the foot of the lowest ridge lie vast plains or savannahs bounded only by the ocean, and displaying all the pride of the richest cultivation.

Soil and Productions.] A large portion of the soil in this island is unfit for cultivation. Out of 4,090,000 acres which the island contains, only about 2,000,000 have been granted to individuals by the crown, and even all of these are not improved. In 1791 the lands in cultivation were distributed nearly as folJows :

767 sugar plantations, averaging 900 acres each 1000 breeding and grazing farms, at 700 each plantations of cotton, coffee, pimento, ginger, &c.

690,000

700,000

350,000

1,740,000

Edwards supposes that the remaining acres, amounting to 2,350,000, are chiefly unfit for cultivation, not so much on account of the barrenness of the soil as of its mountainous situation. Indeed almost all of the waste land is covered by a rich, strong growth of timber. The land actually cultivated has a deep and very fertile soil.

Rivers.] The island is well watered. There are about 100 rivers which take their rise in the mountains and run commonly with great rapidity to the sea on both sides of the island. Non

by him in his schools were Englishmen of the Episco; The Wesleyan Methodists have also employed missi in Christophe's and Petion's dominions, special perm been obtained for that purpose.

where the

ve, is 80° interior it miles from and about six the level of the

Education.] Great efforts were made by Christe king, for the education of his subjects. A royal established at St. Marks, and twelve public schoo pal towns of the kingdom, in which several thou›› now taught the English and French languages. of mathematics, under instructors sent out from al college has also been established and libera Henry, the capital of the kingdom, in whi made for instruction in all the languages, an taught in European and American colleges. 40 scholars in the college, who were sele. best in the common schools. Besides the 'schools to be established in every villag

Government and Army.] Henry Chi Hayti, under the title of Henry the held his court at Sans Souci, a villag Henry, where he built a spacious au an absolute monarch. An heredit class of his subjects, and all the pr great authority over the cultivate a species of slavery. The gov vision of the island was electiv trate, was styled President are now both dead and their Various propositions have be government for the purpose former subjection, but they The regular army of each

.

1

Fega, the capital miles from its ennt 5000.

and, about 10 miles a beautiful harbor, in anchor in safety. It of Port Royal by an built on a plain, which a gradual ascent to the stance of about six miles. residences of the princi

The population of the 1,000 are whites, 18,000 U negroes.

ty of the long and narrow arbor on the south, about 10

It has an excellent harbor, chor with convenience. It n June 1692 a dreadful earthburied nine tenths of it eight Lowever, rebuilt, but about 10 shes by a terrible fire, and in Murricanes ever known, reduced

Though once a place of unce in the West Indies, it is now »anes, and about 200 houses. It

al navy yard, the navy hospital, siders. The fortifications are in excellent order.

act of the island, is a flourishing bouses. In 1795 it was almost Savannah la Mer in the S. W. has essels. It was almost destroyed by on of the sea in 1780.

wcording to an official return there geramber of whites and free people 11000, making a total of nearly

Situatio Cuba, and t