May, at the southern extremity of the state, is one of the capes of Delaware bay.

Face of the Country.] The three northern counties are mountainous, being traversed from S. W. to N. E. by several ridges, which are considered as a continuation of the great Alleghany or Appalachian range; the next four are agreeably diversified with hills and vallies. The six southern counties, including all the coast from Sandy Hook to Cape May, are level and principally barren, producing little else but shrub-oaks and yellow pines.

Soil and Productions.] The mountainous and hilly parts of the state have generally a strong soil, and form a fine grazing country. The farmers there raise great numbers of cattle for the markets of New-York and Philadelphia. They also raise wheat, rye, maize, buckwheat, potatoes, &c. Near New-York and Philadelphia, great attention has been paid to the cultivation of fruit and vegetables; and the finest apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries and melons are carried to these markets. Fine orchards_ abound in all the northern half of the state, and the cider of New-Jersey, particularly that of Newark, is of proverbial excellence.

Minerals] The most important mineral production is iron, which is found in immense quantities among the mountains in the northern part of the state. In the county of Morris there are 7 rich iron mines, 2 furnaces, 2 rolling and slitting mills, and about 30 forges. Great quantities of bog iron ore are also found in the southern counties; and the annual produce in the whole state is estimated at 2,500 tons, exclusive of hollow ware and various other castings, of which vast quantities are made.

Rivers. The Delaware separates New-Jersey from Pennsylvania. It is navigable for sloops to Trenton, where there are falls which obstruct the navigation; but above the falls it is navigable 100 miles for boats of 8 or 9 tons. Hudson river forms part of the eastern boundary.

Raritan river is formed by two branches which rise in the western part of the state and unite in Somerset county. After their union the river runs a little S. of E. and passing by New-Brunswick and Amboy, falls into Amboy bay. Steam boats and sloops of 80 tons ascend to New-Brunswick, 17 miles.-The Passaic, which falls into Newark bay 2 or 3 miles from the town of Newark, is navigable 10 miles for small vessels. At Patterson, 15 miles north of Newark, is the cataract or great falls The river, which is here 40 yards wide, moves in a slow, gentle current, until coming to a precipice it falls 70 feet perpendicularly in one entire sheet, presenting a scene of singular beauty and grandeur. The Hackinsack rises in New-York, and flowing south at the distance of 4 or 5 miles from the Hudson, falls into Newark bay near the mouth of the Passaic. Great Egg Harbor river rises in Gloucester county, and during the latter part of its course forms the boundary between the counties of Cape May and Gloucester. It is navigable 20 miles for vessels of 200 tons..

Chief Towns.] TRENTON, the capital of the state, is on the east side of Delaware river, opposite the falls, 30 miles N. E. of Philadelphia. At the foot of the falls there is an elegant bridge over the Delaware, 1,100 feet long and 36 wide. The city contains a handsome state house; an academy; 2 banks; and 2 cotton factories erected in 1815, one of which is a very extensive establishment, employing more than 350 hands. Population, in 1820, 3,942.

New Brunswick, the seat of Queen's college, is on the S. W. bank of the Raritan, 27 miles N. E. of Trenton. Population, in 1820, 6,764. About half of the inhabitants are of Dutch origin. Princeton is a pleasant village of about 100 houses,on the great road between New-York and Philadelphia, 50 miles from the former and 40 from the latter. The college of New-Jersey and the Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian church are in this place.

Newark is pleasantly situated near the west bank of Passaic river, 2 or 3 miles in a direct line from its mouth, and 9 miles west of New-York city. It is a beautiful town and contains 2 banks, an academy, and five houses of public worship, 2 for Presbyterians, and one each for Episcopalians, Baptists and Methodists. Population, in 1820, 6,507. Elizabethtown is pleasantly situated 6 miles south of Newark, on Elizabethtown creek, which discharges itself into Staten island sound at Elizabethtown point, 2 miles below. Vessels of 200 or 300 tons come up to the mouth of the creek, and a steam boat regularly plies between the city of New-York and Elizabethtown point. Population, in 1820, 3,515.

Burlington, the capital of Burlington county, is on Delaware river, 11 miles below Trenton. Population, in 1820, 2,758. The most populous part of the town is on an island in the Delaware. Perth Amboy, situated on a point of land at the union of Raritan river with Arthur Kull sound, 35 miles S. W. of NewYork city, has one of the best harbors on the continent. Patterson, situated at the great falls of the Passaic, 15 miles north of Newark, is a flourishing manufacturing village. In 1821 it contained 11 cotton mills; 3 flax mills, where the duck for the U. States' navy is manufactured; a mill for rolling sheet iron, and a nail factory. Population, in 1820, more than 1,700.

Canal] It has long been in contemplation to open a navigable communication between Philadelphia and New-York, by means of a canal from New-Brunswick on the Raritan, to Trenton on the Delaware. A company was incorporated in New-Jersey many years ago for this purpose, and a survey of the intended route was made, from which the practicability of a canal for sea vessels was ascertained. The expense is estimated at $800,000. Education The College of New-Jersey, at Princeton, was founded in 1738, and has always been one of the most respectable and flourishing literary institutions in the country. In 1820 it had a president, 3 professors, 3 tutors and 121 students. The college library contains abou: 8,000 volumes; the philosophical

Moravians, Universalists, Jews, seamen, Swedenborgians, and Unitarians.

The Battery is a beautiful open space, containing several acres of ground, at the S. W. point of the city. It commands a fine view of the harbor, with its shipping, islands, and fortifications, and is much frequented by the citizens. The Park is a handsome common, in front of the City Hall, containing 4 acres, and is also a place of fashionable resort. The Elgin Botanic garden is 34 miles from the City Hall, and contains about 20 acres. lt was founded in 1801 by Dr. David Hosack, and was purchased by the state in 1810, for $74,268, and presented to the Medical college.

New-York harbor is a large bay, 9 miles long and 4 broad, which spreads before the city on the south side, having Long island on the east, and Staten island and New-Jersey on the west. On the north it receives the Hudson; on the N. E. it communicates with Long island sound through East river; on the west with Newark bay, through the Kills; and on the south with the Atlantic ocean through the Narrows. It embosoms several small islands, as Governor's island,Bedlow's island and Ellis's island, near the city of New York, on each of which are fortifications. The harbor is deep enough for the largest vessels, well secured from wind and storms, sufficiently spacious for the most numerous fleet, and the currents are so rapid, that it is seldom obstructed by ice. New-York is admirably situated for commerce, on an excellent harbor, at the mouth of a noble river, with an extensive, fertile, and populous back country. It imports most of the goods consumed in the state of New-York, the northern half of NewJersey, and the western parts of New-England; and exports the produce of the same section. This city owns more shipping than any other in the Union, and more than half as much as the city of London. The amount of shipping in 1816 was 299,617 tons. The revenue from the customs, collected at this port, is about one fourth of the whole revenue of the United States: in 1815, it was $14,409,790. The revenue of the city for city purposes, for the year ending May 12, 1817, was $483,011.

Few cities in the world have increased so regularly and rapidly as New-York. In 1697, the population was 4,302; in 1756 13,040; in 1790, 33,131; in 1800, 60,439; in 1810, 96,373; and in 1820, 123,706. The inhabitants are from many different nations. More than one third are of New-England origin. After these, the most numerous are the Dutch and Scotch, and then the English, Irish, and French.

ALBANY, the seat of government, and the second city in the state in population, wealth and commerce, is situated on the west bank of the Hudson, 160 miles north of New-York. A large proportion of the houses are built of brick, with slate or tile roofs, and the style of building has very much improved within a few years. Among the public buildings are a state house, substantialy built of stone, at an expense of $115,000; an ele

gant academy of red free stone; a jail; an almshouse, theatre, arsenal and 11 houses for public worship. The city is supplied with excellent water from a spring, 3 miles distant, by an aqueduct which conveys it to every house. Albany is finely situated for commerce, at the head of navigation for large sloops on the Hudson; and the canals now in progress will soon connect it with lake Champlain and lake Erie. Several steam boats ply regularly between this city and New-York, and usually perform their passages in about 30 hours. The population of Albany in 1820 was 12,630.

Troy, on the east bank of the Hudson, 6 miles above Albany, is considered the third town in the state in commerce and wealth. The city is regularly laid out on a plain, and makes a beautiful appearance. It contains a courthouse, 2 banks, and 5 houses for public worship. Troy is finely situated for a commercial and manufacturing town, being at the head of sloop navigation on the Hudson, and the creeks which here fall into the river affording numerous excellent situations for mills and manufactories. Population, in 1820, 5,264. Lansingburgh is a flourishing town, 3 miles north of Troy, on the same side of the river. Waterford is on the Hudson, at its confluence with the Mohawk, opposite Lansingburgh, with which it is connected by a bridge, 10 miles above Albany. Sandy Hill is a handsome compact village, on the east bank of the Hudson, 52 miles N. of Albany, immediately above Baker's falls, where the water descends 76 feet within 60 rods. Fort Edward is situated a few miles south of Sandy Hill, on the same side of the Hudson, near the great bend, and at the point where the canal from lake Champlain opens into the river. In the old wars it was an important military station, controlling the communications between the Hudson, lake Champlain and lake George. Whitehall is a thriving village, situated at the southern extremity of lake Champlain, on both sides of Wood creek, at its entrance into the lake. The canal from lake Champlain to the Hudson commences here, and the trade of a considerable extent of country is concentrated in the village.

Hudson is finely situated 30 miles south of Albany, on the east bank of Hudson river, which is navigable to this place for the largest ships. The site of Hudson is a high point which projects into the river, terminating in a bold cliff, on each side of which are bays of considerable extent. The city is regularly laid out, and in 1820 contained 5,310 inhabitants. The creeks on the borders of the town afford fine seats for mills and manufactories, and a few years since, Hudson was regarded as the third town in the state in manufactures and the fourth in commerce. Poughkeepsie stands on the east bank of Hudson river, 85 miles south of Albany and 75 N. of New-York. It is well situated for commerce and manufactures, and in 1820 contained 5,726 inhabitants. Newburgh is on the west bank of the Hudson, 5 miles below Poughkeepsie, and in 1820 contained 5,812 inhabitants.

Schenectady, the seat of Union college, is regularly laid out on a plain on the S. E. side of Mohawk river, 15 miles N. W. of Albany.

4

Mohawk, a disarquing the Chamwas originally estiexamination of the acilities, the estimate jected that the whole will from lake Champlain Plans have been re

he state for improving the read of tide waters, so as to

❤ve and an half long, connectand opening a communiuse, and Oswego river, into

ormerly called King's college, shed in 1754. It has a presa library of 3,000 or 4,000 * ipparatus, and an annual revAcuity of medicine was formerly 4:314 it was separated from it. as_b.?, was incorporated in 1794, and is The college edifices are finely siturund, and contain accomodations for eosophical apparatus is respec4-26116 10vat 5,000 volumes. The officers 14 · refissers and 2 tutors. The numqane eroi was 245.

no tear the village of Clinton, 10 miles 40 astrocated in 1812, and has been libeegesacre and by individuals. It has a a library of about 2,000 vole college buildings are about a mile hil, commanding a very extensive

and Surgeons was establised in the 1814 the Faculty of Medicine to Columbia college, was united ege of Physicans has 7 professors, role and flourishing medical instituJgn Botanic garden is attached to

consisted in 1822 of $1,139,130 and ally the sum of $77,417, which * of common schools, and it appears sr-aïendant in 1820, that nine tenths of detween 5 and 15 years of age se is the common schools and the colcorporated academies in the state. es unavo che superintendance of a body of