142 Mr. Parnalls and Mr. Wilson's New Patents. JOHN PARNALL's, of St. Austell, Corn- By the present method, copper, brass or DANIEL WILSON's, Dublin, Gentleman, for Improvements in the Process of boiling and refining Sugar.—Jan. 23, 1817. In the common process of boiling and refining sugar, the fire is applied directly at the bottom of the pan in which it is evaporated, and from the viscidity of the syrup and the strong fire which is essential to the operation, the heat is conveyed through the bot [March 1, tom of the pan more rapidly than it can be Patents lately granted. JEAN FREDERICK, Marquis DE CHABANNES, Drury-lane, for improvements upon his inventions applicable to the purposes of warming, cooling, and conducting air in houses and other buildings, and also of warming, cooling, evaporating, condensing and taking the residuum from liquids and to other useful purposes. Partly communicated to him by a foreigner residing abroad. Dated Dec. 19. JEAN FREDERICK, Marquis DE CHABANNES, for a new method of constructing pipes or tubes of copper, sheet-lead, sheet-iron, tin or other metals, or mixture of metals capable of being reduced into sheets. Dec. 19. JOHN LEWIS, clothier; WILLIAM LEWIS, dyer, and WILLIAM DAVIS, engineer, Brims 1818.] Proceedings of Universities. comb, Gloucester, for improvements on wire-grig mills for dressing woollen and other cloths. Dec. 19. ARTHUR HOWE HOLDSWORTH, Dartmouth, esquire, for improvements on gasometers. Dec. 19. THOMAS PAPPS, Kennington, accountant, for improvements in books of accounts commonly called cash-book, journal and ledger. Dec. 19. WILLIAM CLELAND, Bolton-le-Moors, Lancaster, gent. for his improvement in the bleaching of flax and hemp, and also in the bleaching of yarn and cloth, or other goods made of either of those articles. Dec. 20. EDWARD COWPER, Nelson-square, printer, for improvements in printing presses. Jan. 7. JOHN COLLIER, Frocester, Gloucester, engineer, for improvements on a machine for cropping or shearing woollen cloths. Jan. 15. JOHN LEWIS, WILLIAM LEWIS, and WILLIAM DAVIS, for improvements on shearing machines for shearing or cropping woollen and other cloths; the same being further improvements on a patent obtained by JOHN LEWIS for an improved shearing machine, dated 27 July, 1815. Jan. 15. PHILIP TAYLOR, Bromley, chemist, for a method of applying heat in certain processes to which the same method has not been hitherto applied; likewise for improvements in refrigerators. Jan. 15. WILLIAM MOULT, Bedford-square, for improvements in steam-engines. Jan. 15. JOHN HOLWORTHY PALMER, Westminster, gent, for a mode of purifying gases. Jan. 15. 143 JOHN THEODORE KOSTER, Lancashire, merchant; for a method of constructing wheeled carriages, and also for making wheels for carriages. Jan. 15. JAMES FRASER, Long-acre, engineer, for a cooking machine for the more simple and effectual decomposition of salt water, and to render the said salt water more useful to the general purposes of ships' crews, &c. at sea, without any extra apparatus except the said cooking machine; or its structure will answer the end of worm or condenser and worm-tub. Jan. 15. CHARLES BRIGHTLY, Bungay, printer, and BRYAN DONKIN, Bermondsey, engineer, for a printing press for printing from types, plates and blocks. Jan. 17. MARC ISAMBARD BRUNEL, Chelsea, engineer, for a method of forming tunnels or drifts under ground. Jan. 20. HUGH RONALDS, Hammersmith, gent. for improvements in making leather. Jan. 23. JOSEPH CORTY, Harley street, merchant, for improvements on and additions to stills; and also in the process of distilling and refining. Communicated to him by a foreigner residing abroad. Jan. 20. BENJAMIN WILSON, Bermondsey, flaxmanufacturer, for a machine for breaking, swingling, and preparing flax or hemp. Jan. 23. RICHARD BANKS, Hadley, Salop, engineer, for further improvements on wheel-carriages. Jan. 23. THOMAS CALDERBANK, Liverpool, plumber, for improvements in the working of pumps and other machinery. Jan. 23. INTELLIGENCE IN LITERATURE AND THE ARTS AND SCIENCES. PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES. CAMBRIDGE. The subjects for the prizes given by the representatives in parliament for this university for the present year are: speare's Henry VIII. Act 3. Sc. 2. beginning with Cromwell I did not think to shed a tear For Senior Bachelors-Antique Mu- and ending with sice Species et Natura. Middle Bachelors-Inter Græcos et Romanos Historie Scriptores comparatione factá, cujusnam stylus imitatione maxime dignus esse videtur? The subjects for Sir WILLIAM BROWNE'S gold medals for the present year are:For the Greek Ode:-In Obitum lustrissima Principissa Carolette Augusta, Georgii Walliæ Principis Filiæ. For the Latin Ode-In Memoriam Ricardi Vice-comitis Fitzwilliam, Musei Fitzwilliam Fundatoris munifici. The passage fixed upon for the PoRSON PRIZE for the present year is-Shak He would not in mine age Have left me naked to mine enemieswhich is to be translated into Iambic Acatalectic Trimeters, according to the laws laid down by the Professor in his Preface to the Hecuba of Euripides. Dr. SMITH's annual prizes of 251. each to the two best proficients in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy among the Commencing Bachelors of Arts are this year adjudged to Mr. JOHN GEORGE SHAW LEFEVRE, of Trinity, and Mr. JonN HIND, of St. John's, the first and second Wranglers. 144 Apotheosis of Thomas Paine. The friends of anarchy have, it seems, formed the notable plan for rallying their ragged regiment by hoisting the banner of THOMAS PAINE. On this subject the doughty knight, whose early attachment to the principles of this archincendiary procured him a temporary asylum in Leicester gaol, has the following triumphant paragraph in the last number of his Magazine: Justice is about to be rendered by kindred genius to the memory and labours of the famous THOMAS PAINE, the energy of whose political writings led our base and corrupt factions to pay their dependants for burning him in every village of the empire. Mr. COBBETT, who reports that he lives within a few miles of the spot where this politician breathed his last, has volunteered to become his biographer, and to rescue his memory from the blasphemies against the sacred majesty of truth, of which it has been the object. Mr. Cobbett proposes also to edite his works and adapt them to existing circumstances by original notes. We observe, at the same instant that Mr. Wooller, in his journal, proposes, evidently without participation, that the birth day of Paine should be publicly celebrated as an antidote to that of Pitt. It is a wonderful trait in the history of man that these popular testimonies in favour of Mr. Paine should take place no more than twenty years from his death, after he had passed a long life amid persecution, personal slander and ingratitude. Our readers will not fail to admire the very happy expression of "kindred genius," as applied to THOMAS PAINE and WILLIAM COBBETT-Par nobile fratrum! The country too will doubtless duly appreciate the exertions of the latter worthy, to provide potent stimulants for disaffection, and to give new circulation to the dangerous doctrines of the apostle of anarchy, highly seasoned and "adapted to existing circumstances" by his own annotations. We recommend this information to the serious attention of all whom it may concern. The prescription of the political quack of the Black Dwarf excites only a smile, which extends to a broad laugh at the childish wonder of the writer at these popular testimonies -to wit, of two jacobin scribblers in favour of Mr. Paine. On the phrases"base and corrupt factions,"" blasphemies against the sacred majesty of truth," and the like, it would be a waste of time to comment, as the editor of the Old Monthly Magazine has worn them so threadbare by constant use, that the most short-sighted cannot but see through them. Such expressions might be expected of the man who talks of" the mo [March 1, dern ARISTIDES (of St. Helena) who bears his ostracism with an heroic firmness which always attaches to a good cause !" Mr. JOSEPH GWILT, architect, and author of a Treatise on the Equilibrium of Arches, has put to press a work entituled "Notitia Architectonica Italiana, or Concise Notices of the Buildings and Architects of Italy;" arranged as a book of reference, as well for the traveller as for the study. It is expected to be published in the month of April. The same gentleman has just compleated a Translation of Vitruvius which will appear very shortly. In the course of March will appear a volume entitled Epistolary Curiosities, Queen of Bohemia, Prince Rupert, Geor Unpublished Letters from Elizabeth, neral Lord Astley, General Fairfax, John Selden, Oliver Cromwell, General Monk, Sir Robert Sutton, &c. &c. edited by REBECCA WARNER, of Beech Cottage, Bath. A Collection of the Poems of ARTHUR BROOKE, Esq., of Canterbury, is in the press. Mr. WM. PHILLIPS will shortly publish the third edition of his little work entitled, "Outlines of Mineralogy and Geology," with some additions. From this edition however will be excluded the few pages annexed to the last, as "An Outline of the Geology of England and Wales," which, together with the map accompanying it, will shortly be published, but with large additions, under the title of "A Selection of Facts from the best authorities, arranged so as to form an Outline of the Geology of England and Wales, with a map and sections of the strata, designed for the use of the student." The Annual Obituary for 1818, which is nearly ready for publication, will contain a regular biographical account of near one hundred persons of eminence, both at home and abroad, who died in the course of the antecedent year; and is at the same time accompanied by silhouettes, or profiles of several distinguished characters. Mr. BAKEWELL is preparing for publication a Treatise on Practical Geology with plates, to which will be added a series of questions on certain undetermined parts of English Geology, &c. Next month will be published, Narrative of a Voyage to Newfoundland, and the coast of Labrador, illustrated with a map and engravings, by Lieut. EDWARD CHAPPELL, R. N. 1818.] Notices of Works in Hand. Mr. J. W. LAKE is preparing for the press a Volume of Poems. In March will be published Harvest, a poem; to which will be added, a few other poetical Pieces, by CHARLOTTE CAROLINE RICHARDSON. Early in March will appear in 8vo. the first volume of a complete Translation of Ovid's Epistles, by EDWARD D. BAYNES, Esq. Mr. THOMAS FORSTER has nearly ready for publication The Researches and Opinions of the Ancients respecting Pestilential Fevers and their Atmospherical Cause. Mr. JOHN BRAMSEN has in the press Letters of a Prussian Traveller, with numerous Anecdotes descriptive of a Tour through Sweden, Germany, Hungary, Ionian Islands, Egypt, Syria, Cyprus, Rhodes, the Morea, Greece, Italy, and Tyrol. The Rev. C. PHILPOT, rector of Ripple, is preparing a History of the French Protestants, and the Reformed Church of France, from the introduction of Protestantism in the reign of Francis I. to the revocation of the Edict of Nantes under Louis XIV. The Rev. Mr. HAVERFIELD is printing a Volume of Lectures on the Church Catechism. A curious work is announced, being Observations on the History of the punishment of Flagellation, particularly its use in Schools; showing the dangerous tendency of this indecent practice, and exposing the real cause why it has been so long a favourite mode of correction with those who have the care of youth; with references to Boileau's History of the Flagellants. Mr. PRINCE HOARE is engaged upon a Life of the late eminent philanthropist Granville Sharpe. Mr. ROBERT BLOOMFIELD is preparing for publication a poem descriptive of Southill, near Bedford, the mansion of the late Mr. Whitbread. Mr. JASPER RICARD, Surgeon, of Bath, is preparing Commentaries on the Principal of those Affections which produce speedy Death, during or immediately after Child-birth, illustrated by cases and dissections. KOTZEBUE, the celebrated dramatic writer, has just published a collection of Tules addressed to his Sons in the manner of those addressed by M. BOUILLY to his Daughter. They will soon be published both in French and English. Au Account of the Life, Writings and 145 Ministry, of the late Dr. JOHN FAWCETT, of Halifax, will speedily be published by his son. The Rev. THOS. GISBORNE has in the press the Testimony of Natural Theology to Christianity. Mr. ROBERT MACWILLIAM, is printing in 4to. with plates, an Essay on the Origin and Operation of the Dry Rot. The Rev. E. W. GRINFIELD, of Bath, is engaged upon a work on the Connection of Natural and Revealed Theology. A translation of Messrs. SAVIGNY and CORREARD's Narrative of the Shipwreck of the French frigate, La Meduse, on her Voyage to Senegal in 1816, will shortly appear in an 8vo, volume. Mr. THOMAS BOWDLER is preparing an edition of all Shakspeare's Plays, with the omission of such expressions as are not proper to be read aloud in a family. Dr. PARIS will shortly publish at the request of the Geological Society of Cornwall, a Memoir of the Life and Scientific Labours of the late Rev. WM. GREGOR, partly drawn up from his original documents and papers, and read at the late anniversary meeting of that Society. Dr. HAWLEY is engaged on a work which will be published in Latin by subscription, with the title of Principia Medicine Practica. The sixth portion of the Ordnance Survey, including the greater part of Surrey, with portions of Hampshire and Wiltshire is in preparation. A General and Commercial Directory of the County of Stafford is preparing for publication, upon a plan similar to the Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, and other Directories. It will be divided into three sections, the first of which will comprize the town of Newcastle, and the populous district called The Potteries. This useful undertaking receives, as it deserves, very entensive encouragement. Mr. H. C. JENNINGS announces that he bas discovered a Method of insulating the Magnetic Needle, in such a degree as, under the ordinary circumstances, will prevent, and protect the Compass from false and dangerous attractions, by the designed, or accidental approach of Iron, or substances containing it; a defect which has already cost the goyernment and nation many lives and ships.--A striking instance of the uncertainty and imperfection of the ordinary compass was exhibited in the loss of H. M. S. Apollo and 70 sail of convoy; and if this event were the only one of the kind 146 Dry Rot-Norwich Philosophical Society. on record, it would be sufficient to convince every person of the vast importance of a method which shall effectually preclude the possibility of the recurrence of such a disaster. From some late microscopic experiments of Sir EVERARD HOME and Mr. BAUER, it results, that 2,560,000 globules of human blood, when enveloped in their colouring matter, which is conceived to superadd something to their proper substance, would be required to cover a square inch. Lieut. SHILLIBEER, of the Royal Marines, has addressed a communication to the Navy Board, on the prevention of dry-rot in timber employed in shipbuilding. He asserts that this destructive disease would not appear, if the tree were cut down at the end of December or beginning of January, and left with its bark on, instead of being felled in April, and having its bark stripped off, according to the usual practice in this country. At the latter period its pores are open and extended to receive the great quantity of sap which is thrown up from the roots into the trunk and branches. The tree is then soft and easy to be cut; in this state it is left to season, the sap is dried by the sun, but the pores never close, neither does the tree become that solid mass which it was before, but soon becomes infected with dry-rot. If on the other hand, a tree be suffered to stand, until the vegetation has entirely ceased-sayChristmas-the sap will have returned into the roots; the pores will be naturally closed; the bark will be found inseparable; and the tree, when cut and seasoned, for a comparatively short time, will be so hard and impenetrable as not to be liable to the disease. The difference between trees treated in these two methods is striking; the one being soft, open, and coarse-grained; the other close and solid. The Board has attended with laudable promptitude to this suggestion, and directed that no timber which has been barked shall be received into Plymouth Dock-yard. A valuable mine of plumbago or graphite was last summer discovered at Glenstrathfarar, about 30 miles from Inverness. It promises to be of considerable importance, as there are, we believe only two mines wrought in Great Britain for the production of this useful article. The new mine is in a schistose rock close to the Farar and crops out to an extent of 50 feet in five different seams, some of them 12 to 18 inches thick. The seams appear to converge into one, en [March 1, large and improve in quality as the workmen penetrate deeper. A late number of the Norwich Mercury gives a brief account of the esta blishment, regulations and proceedings of the NORWICH PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. It was instituted in the autumn of 1812, when a number of gentlemen agreed to meet every Thursday fortnight for the discussion of literary and philosophical subjects. Each member engages to furnish some communication to the society once at least during every two sessions. At the commencement of the session of 1814, it was resolved to chuse a president, vice-president, and secretary annually, and Dr. Rigby was elected to the chair. During the present session the following papers have been read: "On miscellaneous diseases." "Human law founded on natural law." "On architecture." "An account of the manuscript papers left by the late Right Hon. Win. Windham, prefixed by a short history of that great man." "Remarks on painting, as connected with poetry." The last of these essays is by Mr.J. CROME, jun. a young artist who is rising rapidly in his profession and in the public respect. The discussions have of late been very fully attended, and the debates are ge nerally spirited and interesting, while the effects in stimulating youth to literary pursuits are obvious. Norwich is become emulous of intellectual distinction. The attention of Dr. RIGBY to the Society, who has been continually re-elected to the chair, is so unremitted that, in spite of his multifarious and frequently very distant engagements, he has never been absent. This energy in the cause is reciprocated between the head and the members, and is felt throughout all the relations of general intercourse with which the individuals composing the Society are connected. Hence the intellectual cultivation of Norwich has already received a considerable impulse, and will continue to experience beneficial results from the useful and agreeable industry of the Society, to the proceedings of which it will give us great pleasure to be enabled, by the enlighted president or any other of its members, to pay that attention which they deserve. The altitudes of remarkable hills in the south-east and south-west of England above the level of the sea, from observations made in the course of the Trigonometrical Survey, conducted under the |