Dumbarton, Dumbarton, r. Leven and Clyde; its castle, situated on an elevated rock, has always been a place of great strength: glass manufactures.

Dumblane, Perth, r. Allan; resorted to for its mineral waters the battle of Sheriffmuir in its vicinity, 1715: its ancient cathedral is pretty entire; Leighton, afterwards Archbishop of Glasgow, long held this see. *Dumfries, Dumfries, r. Nith; sends 35,000 cattle annually to England: manufacture of hosiery and hats. John Cummin slain in 1305, by Robert Bruce, in the chapel of its Franciscan monastery. Pop. 11,409.

Dunbar, Haddington, North Sea: some trade in the export of corn: Cromwell defeated here, in 1650, the Scottish army under General Leslie.

Dunfermline, Fife, Firth of Forth; diaper and table linen extensively manufactured: long the principal residence of the Scottish kings: Robert Bruce buried here: Charles I. born here. Pop. 20,217.

*Dundee, Angus, Firth of Tay; centre of the linen manufacture. Pop. 62,873.

Dunkeld, Perth, r. Tay; noted for its scenery.

Dunse, Berwick, r. Whittadder; Duns Scotus born here. *Edinburgh, Edinburgh, near the Forth: the beautiful metropolis of Scotland, celebrated for its university and courts of law: it is supposed to have derived its name of Edwinesburgh from Edwin, king of Northumbria, who rebuilt, or perhaps first built, a castle upon the site of the present interesting structure. Holyrood House was a favourite residence of the Stuarts; Rizzio was murdered in it. Pop. 138,132.

*Elgin, Elgin, r. Lossie; ruins of a cathedral. *Falkirk, Stirling, r. Carron; a thriving town; its cattle markets, held thrice a year, are the greatest in Scotland: the Carron iron works, about two miles from the town, are very extensive, and were celebrated during

the last war for the manufacture of cannon: the Scots, under Wallace, defeated by Edward I. in 1298; the Pretender repulsed in 1746. Pop. 8,209.

Falkland, Fife; weaving: the remains of a palace once the stronghold of the Macduffs, Earls of Fife, afterwards a hunting residence of the kings of Scotland. Forfar, Angus, Loch of Forfar. Pop. 9,626.

Forres, Elgin, r. Findhorn; the scene of a great part of the tragedy of Macbeth.

Fort Augustus, Fort William, Fort George, Inverness; three forts built after the Revolution to overawe the Highlanders.

Fortrose, Ross, Moray Firth: shoe-making.

Fraserburgh, Aberdeen, North Sea; linen yarn: some trade to the Baltic.

Galashiels, Selkirk, r. Gala; the first town in Scotland for the manufacture of woollen goods.

*Glasgow, Lanark, r. Clyde; with respect to commerce, manufactures, and population, the first city in Scotland: cotton and silk goods are manufactured to a great extent: it trades largely with the East and West Indies and America: its university is celebrated: steam navigation first practised in Britain in 1812, upon the Clyde: its cathedral is the most perfect of the ancient religious edifices of Scotland. Pop. 274,533.

Grangemouth, Stirling, r. Carron; here the great canal joins the Forth.

Greenlaw, Berwick, r. Blackadder.

Greenock, Renfrew, Firth of Clyde; considerable trade to America and the West Indies: great sugar refineries. Pop. 36,135.

Haddington, Haddington, r. Tyne; John Knox, the Scottish Reformer, was born here.

Hamilton, Lanark, r. Avon and Clyde; cotton weaving: orchard grounds. Pop. 8,876.

Hawick, Roxburgh, r. Teviot; worsted goods.

Inverary, Argyle, Loch Fyne; herring fishery, about 20,000 barrels are annually caught in the loch. Inverkeithing, Fife, Firth of Forth; a large bay.

* Inverness, Inverness, r. Ness, the reputed capital of the Highlands; salmon fishery: manufactories of linen, cotton, and woollen: near this is Culloden Moor, so fatal to the house of Stuart in 1746. Pop. 11,568. Irvine, Ayr, r. Irvine; exports coals to Ireland: James Montgomery, the poet, born here.

Jedburgh, Roxburgh, r. Jed; ruins of a fine abbey: the neighbourhood is famous for orchards.

Kelso, Roxburgh, r. Teviot and Tweed; some manufactories of flannel and woollen cloth; ruins of an abbey. Kilmarnock, Ayr, r. Irvine; Scotch carpets, caps, woollen cloths, shoes, &c. Pop. 19,398.

Kincardine, Perth, Firth of Forth.

Kinghorn, Fife, Firth of Forth: near here Alexander III. was killed by a fall from his horse in 1295.

Kinross, Kinross, Loch Leven: on an island of this beautiful lake, Mary Queen of Scots was confined.

Kintore, Aberdeen, r. Don.

*Kirkcaldy, Fife, Firth of Forth; trade similar to Dundee: whale fishery: Dr. Adam Smith born here. Kirkcudbright, (pro. Kir-coo ́bree,) r. Dee.

* Kirkwall, Orkneys; the cathedrals of this place and Glasgow the only ones that survived the Reformation: kelp, long the staple manufacture of the Orkneys, has much declined: the whale ships touch here for a supply of men herring, cod and lobster fishery.

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Lanark, Lanark, r. Clyde; cotton manufactories; falls of Clyde the scene of the first military exploit of Sir W. Wallace, who, in 1298, killed Hazelrigg, the English sheriff, and drove his soldiers from the town.

Lauder, Berwick, r. Leader.

Leith, Edinburgh, Firth of Forth; the port of Edinburgh its harbour is naturally bad, but it has been

greatly improved by a pier, which is half a mile long; extensive wet docks. Pop. 28,188.

Lerwick, Shetland; cod fishery: vessels engaged in the whale and herring fishery touch here.

Linlithgow, Linlithgow, near the r. Avon; the ruins of a palace long a royal residence: the Regent Murray was shot here in 1750, by Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh. Lochmaben, Dumfries, r. Annan.

Maybole, Ayr, r. Doon and Gervan.

Melrose, Roxburgh, r. Tweed; linen and woollen cloths: Melrose Abbey-much celebrated for its picturesque remains. Abbotsford, the residence of Sir W. Scott, is in its vicinity.

* Montrose, Angus, r. South Esk; linen yarn, sail cloth, &c. the first place in Scotland where Greek was taught, (1534). Pop. 14,252.

Musselburgh, Edinburgh, r. Esk and Firth of Forth; fishing and tanning leather: garden seeds: fishing nets made upon the loom.

Nairn, Nairn, r. Nairn.

Oban, Argyle, Bay of Oban; a new and rising town: place of rendezvous for the West Highland steamboats.

*Paisley, Renfrew, r. White-Cart; one of the principal manufacturing towns in Scotland-chiefly silk and cotton fancy goods and shawls. Pop. 48,426.

Peebles, Peebles, r. Tweed; woollen manufactories. * Perth, r. Tay; cotton manufactures. It was the capital of Scotland prior to the death of James I.; the Scottish kings were crowned at Scone, (pro. Scoon,) two miles north of this city; the famous stone, reckoned the palladium of Scotland, was transferred from Dunstaffnage in the ninth century, to Scone, whence it was taken in 1296 by Edward I. to Westminster Abbey. Pop. 20,167. Peterhead, Aberdeen, North Sea; the most eastern part of Scotland: herring fishery. Pop. 5,759.

Port Glasgow, Renfrew, r. Clyde; thread, woollen, and cotton cloth manufactories. Pop. 6,973.

Preston-pans, Haddington, Firth of Forth; near this place a battle was fought with the rebel army in 1745, in which Col. Gardiner was killed.

Portobello, Edinb., Firth of Forth; earthenware, glass. Queensferry, Linlithgow, Firth of Forth; the Forth contracts here into a channel two miles wide, which makes it a place of great thoroughfare.

Renfrew, Renfrew, r. Cart.

Rothesay, Bute Island, celebrated for the salubrity of its climate.

Rutherglen, Lanark, r. Clyde; the fairs of this town are

famous for the show of Lanark horses, esteemed the best draught horses in Scotland.

Saltcoats, Ayr, Firth of Clyde; coal and salt: frequented for sea-bathing.

Sanquhar, Dumfries, r. Nith; woollen trade.

Selkirk, r. Ettrick; Mungo Park born in the parish. * Stirling, Stirling, Firth of Forth; carpets and shalloons: an ancient castle on a rocky eminence, the favourite residence of the later Scottish kings; the battle of Bannockburn fought in its vicinity in 1314. Stonehaven, (pro. -hive,) Kincardine, North Sea. Stranraer, (pro. -rawer,) Wigton, Loch Ryan; weaving. * Tain, Ross, Firth of Dornoch.

Whithorn, Wigton, Bay of Wigton; the shrine of St. Ninian in the cathedral, was a place of great resort before the Reformation.

* Wick, Caithness, r. Wick; fisheries. * Wigton, Wigton, Wigton Bay.

POPULATION.-2,620,184, being about 81 inhabitants to the square mile.

MANNERS AND CUSTOMS.

The manners of the Scotch closely resemble those of the English. The Scotch are a moral, sedate, shrewd,