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with the United States, to furnish one-twelfth of the shipping of the kingdom, and in exports and imports to equal half the trade of London. Steam packets to America. Pop. 286,487. (2.)

Llanelly, Caermarthen, r. Burry. Pop. 11,155.
London, Middlesex, r. Thames; its extent from east to
west, is full seven miles and a half, and its breadth,
from north to south, is nearly five miles, occupying
altogether an area of thirty square miles, or nearly
20,000 acres. London is the grand centre of the com-
merce of the world; here the crown usually resides;
here the legislature of the nation and the courts of law
have their seat. It is the great mart of literature in
this land. It possesses a University of recent origin,
with which two colleges, University College and King's
College, are connected. St. Paul's Cathedral, West-
minster Abbey and Hall, and the Tower, are buildings
of peculiar interest; to these may be added the Ex-
change and the New Houses of Parliament. The
Thames Tunnel, completed in 1843, has attracted the
attention of the civilized world. Pop. 1,873,676. The
Metropolitan Boroughs send 18 members to parliament.
Loughborough, Leicester, r. Soar. Pop. 10,170.
Louth, Lincoln, r. Lud; some coasting trade.
Lowestoff, Suffolk, on the North Sea; the most eastern
promontory in Great Britain.

Ludlow, Salop, r. Teme and Corve. (2.)
Luton, Bedford, r. Lea; straw hats.

Lutterworth, Leicester; the scene of the pastoral labours of John Wycliffe, who died here A. D. 1384.

Lyme Regis, Dorset; an artificial harbour in the English Channel. (1.)

Lymington, Hants; chief commerce is the import of coals and the export of salt. (2.)

Lynn Regis, Norfolk, r. Ouse; a considerable sea-port. Pop. 16,039. (2.)

Macclesfield, Cheshire, r. Bollin; extensive silk and cotton manufactures. Pop. 24,137. (2.)

Maidstone, Kent, r. Medway; the centre of the hop trade: large orchards of apples and cherries. Pop. 18,086. (2.)

Maldon, Essex, r. Blackwater. (2.)

Malmesbury, Wilts, r. Avon; woollen cloth. (1.)
Malton, York, r. Derwent. (2.)

Manchester, Lanc., r. Irwell; the chief emporium of the cotton trade, and the most considerable manufacturing town in the kingdom. Pop., with Salford, 353,390. (2.) Mansfield, Nottingham, r. Idle; cotton mills; it also trades in corn and malt,

Margate, Kent; a fashionable resort for bathing. Pop. 11,050.

Market Bosworth, Leicester; the battle of Bosworth Field, in which Richard III. fell, in 1485.

Marlborough, Wilts, r. Kennett. On Marlborough Downs are the vast Druidical circles of Avebury, and the immense barrow called Silbury Hill. (2.)

Marlow, Great, Bucks, r. Thames; black silk, lace and paper. (2.)

Maryport, Cumberland; timber trade with America, coal trade with Ireland and Scotland.

Melcombe Regis, Dorset, r. Wey. (2.)

Merthyr Tydvil, Glamorgan; from an obscure village this town has been raised, by its extensive iron works, to be the largest town in Wales. Pop. 34,977, (1.) Midhurst, Sussex, r. Arun. (1.)

Milford, Pembroke; a modern town, on Milford-haven : this harbour may contain in security a thousand ships. Minchinhampton, Gloucester; extensive manufactures of woollen cloth.

Monmouth, r. Wye; manufactures of iron: birth-place of Henry V. (1.)

Montgomery, r. Severn. (1.)

Morpeth, Northumb., r. Wansbeck. (1.)

Nantwitch, Cheshire, r. Weaver; extensive salt mines. Neath, Glamorgan, r. Neath; copper and iron works. Newark, Notts, r. Trent; King John died here: its castle, or New-work, rebuilt by Stephen, is an interesting ruin. Pop. 10,195. (2.)

Newbury, Berks, r. Kennet; woollen manufactures: battles in the civil wars in 1643 and 1644.

Newcastle, Northumb., r. Tyne; this town is the centre of the coal trade; it possesses extensive manufactories in iron, glass, pottery ware, and chemical works: in the number of ships, and also in the amount of tonnage, this port ranks next to London; Akenside born here. Pop. including suburbs, 90,000. (2.)

Newcastle, Stafford, r. Trent; potteries. (2.)

Newmarket, Camb. and Suffolk; celebrated for its horseracing, first made fashionable by James I.

Newport, Hants; chief town on the Isle of Wight. (2.) Newport-Pagnel, Bucks, r. Ouse; paper and lace. Northallerton, York, r. Swale; battle of the Standard fought here, 1139. (1.)

Northampton, r. Nen; boots, shoes, and stockings for the London market, and also for exportation: near this town is Naseby, where Cromwell defeated Charles I. Pop. 21,242. (2.)

Northwich, Cheshire, r. Weaver; cotton manufactures and salt works.

Norwich, Norfolk, r. Yare; manufactures of woollen.

stuffs, camlets, crape, and shawls. Pop. 62,344. (2.) Nottingham, r. Trent; the centre of the bobbin, net, and lace manufacture, and stockings. Pop. 53,091. (2.) Oakham, Rutland.

Oldham, Lanc.; various manufactures of Manchester goods. Pop. 32,381. (2.)

Olney, Bucks, r. Ouse; Cowper long resided here.
Ormskirk, Lanc. Pop. of the parish, 14,608.

Oswestry, Salop; manufacture of flannel.

Otley, York, r. Wharfe.

Oxford, r. Thames; celebrated for its University, one of

the oldest and the most richly endowed in Europe. Pop. 23,834. (2.)

Pembroke, situated on Milford-haven. (1.)
Penrith, Cumb., r. Eamont.

Penryn, Cornwall, situated on a creek. (2.)

Penzance, Cornwall; one of the stannary towns; the most westerly town in England, and much resorted to by invalids for the mildness of its climate.

Peterborough, Northampton, r. Nen; Dr. Paley born here.
A few miles from Peterborough are the ruins of Fother-
ingay Castle, in which Richard III. was born, and Mary
Queen of Scots was beheaded. (2.)
Petersfield, Hants. (1.)

Plymouth, Devon, r. Plym; the second naval station in the kingdom, it is capable of holding 1,000 sail of ships. The breakwater is a stupendous work, giving great security to vessels anchoring in the Sound. Pop., including Devonport, 80,059. (2.)

Pontefract or Pomfret, York, r. Aire; Richard II. was murdered here. (2.)

Poole, Dorset; it sends out several ships every year to

Newfoundland; they carry out provisions, &c., and return laden with fish for Spain, Portugal, and Italy. (2.) Portsmouth, Hants; the head-quarters of the British royal navy; the town and dockyard are very strongly fortified; the harbour is unequalled in Britain; its entrance is narrow, but within it increases in width so as to render it capable of holding nearly the whole British navy. The celebrated road of Spithead lies between Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Pop., including Portsea, 53,058. (2.)

Prescot, Lanc.; noted for the manufacture of watches. Pop. of the whole parish, 35,902.

Presteign, Radnor, r. Lugg.

Preston, Lanc., r. Ribble; cotton manufactures. Pop. 53,482. (2.)

Radnor, r. Summergill; the county town. (Other towns unite with it in returning a member to parliament, as is the case with most of the towns in Wales.) (1.) Ramsgate, Kent; a fashionable bathing-place, situated on the Strait of Dover. Pop. 10,909.

Reading, Berks, r. Kennet and Thames; great quantities of corn, flour, and timber are conveyed to London by barges. Alfred defeated by the Danes in 871, Henry I. buried, and Archbishop Laud born here; ruins of castle and abbey. Pop. 18,937. (2.) Retford, East, Notts, r. Idle. (2.) Richmond, York, r. Swale. Its name betokens the beauty of its situation; its castle, a fine Norman structure, marks its ancient grandeur and importance. (2.) Richmond, Surrey, r. Thames, formerly called Sheen; it was for centuries the site of a royal palace; a favourite resort of visitors from London.

Rickmansworth, Herts, r. Gade.

Ringwood, Hants, r. Avon; narrow cloths and stockings. Ripon, York, r. Ure; spacious market-place and beautiful minster. Pop. 15,024. (2.)

Rochdale, Lanc., r. Roche; woollen, cotton, and hat manufactories; noted for its flannel. Pop. 84,718. (1.) Rochester, Kent, r. Medway; a fine cathedral, and ruins of a noble Norman castle. Pop. 11,743. (2.)

Ross, Hereford, r. Wye; the native town of John Kyrle, the Man of Ross, celebrated by Pope.

Rotherham, York, r. Don; iron and steel manufactories. Pop. 13,439.

Runcorn, Cheshire. Pop. 13,207.

Rye, Sussex, r. Rother; one of the three towns added to the Cinque Ports. (1.)

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