The second part, on Metre, is not so full as we should have liked to find it. Some explanation of the conflicting principles of the English and German schools of Prosodians, would have been scarcely out of place; and Professor Anthon might well have considered the different choral melodies employed by Aristophanes and the Tragedians, illustrated their connection and composition, and pointed out their relation to the several modes of Greek Music. He would have found an immense mine of erudition for the basis of his labors, in Boëckh's celebrated dissertation on Pindaric Metres,-a work with which, it would seem, Professor Anthon is wholly unacquainted, as well as with that of Dr. Apel, judging from the absence of any reference to either. We pretend to no acquaintance with the latter ourselves; curious works on so recondite and neglected a subject as Greek Metres, do not readily find their way into the remote parts of the country. But we think it hardly excusable to have overlooked Boëckh, who is the prince of writers upon this department of classical learning, and whose great treatise is an exhaustless repertory of all that is to be learnt of the principles of Greek Melody. Professor Anthon's guides are Hermann, and his rivals of the Porsonic school-Porson, Tate, Maltby, Elmsley and Blomfield; and though he admits the superiority of the German school, yet there is too much leaning towards the narrowness and rigidity of the English school "Porson was a man of strong talent," we quote from the Foreign Quarterly Review, "if not real genius, but we declare that the whole matter (his metrical system) is trifling and puerile in the extreme; pure monomania; minute grammatical pedantry, unenlightened by a single ray of intellect. Porson was a giant; but if a giant choose to play with dolls, that is no reason why we, who are freemen, should baptize them gods, and slavishly bend the knee before them." We are no admirer of Böthe's editions, but there is much truth in a similar remark of his : "Nostra memoria extitisse viros, alioqui doctissimos, qui, futilibus adducti rationibus, pro versibus substituerent versuum fæde truncatorum particulas, vocabula distraherent, vincula sententiarum ac numerorum solverent, dumque strophas suas, magno chartarum dispendio, totis extendunt paginis, omnem harum litterarum naturam atque gratiam extinguerent, quo tandem illud nomine appellabitur? aut quid est, nisi hoc est, quod Terentius ait, cum ratione insanire? et ista quidem commenta, quibus colorem dantes audacissime mutant scripta veterum, facete irriserunt Angli quidam, qui ex Porsoni schola prodierunt; sed tamen ne illi quidem omnia, quæ reprehenda sunt in hoc genere, intellexere, neque ipsi laborantibus litteris ita opitulati sunt, ut nulla alia circumspicienda esse medicina videretur. Nam sensu quidem communi haud carentes, variisque doctrinæ copiis instructissimi, furorem, quem vocant; antistrophicum retuderunt; ceterum in iambicis senariis, trochaicisque, ut usitatissimo quoque genere metrorum, magistri solertissimi insistentes vestigiis, ubicumque ultra Porsonianus fines progrediendum est, titubant, viamque nesantes ducem quemvis, etiam pessimum, sequuntur." (Bothe. Præf. Eur. Dram. tom. i., p. ix.) These quotations may, perhaps, be regarded as having a more pertinent application to the third part than to the second. The usual mode of arranging Greek lyrics completely destroys their beauty, giving to them a short, ragged and broken movement, which wholly belies our conceptions of the rhythmical sweetness and prolonged grace of those enchanting compositions. To us, a Greek choral song is composed of "soft Lydian airs Married to immortal verse; Such as the meeting soul may pierce, But, in the form ordinarily given to the lyrical parts, these involuted and melting symphonies are entirely lost, and we hear only a jar of discordant and ill-assorted sounds, which but little accords with our notions of melody. The most of the chorusses in Blomfield's editions, are Greek prose run hopelessly mad. If they were, therefore, to be inserted in Dr. Anthon's work, he should have given the antidote side by side with it, which would have answered the Professor's plan of contrasting the Porsonic and German schools, much better than the method he has adopted. We regret that he has not included within his conspectus the Pindaric Metres; for while they are themselves the most finished remnants of Greek lyric poetry, the perversity of different editors has arranged them in such diverse forms, as to afford the amplest field for illustrating the discrepancies of conflicting systems. We give a single specimen from the rival and elaborate editions of Heyne and Boëckh, not only to show the incontestible superiority of the system of the latter, but more especially to exhibit the peculiar rhythmical ease and beauty of the latter, when there are none of those violent disruptions which have marred the melody of lyric verse in other editions of the Greek poets. We select the commencement of the first Pythian ode-one of the noblest in Pindar. The verses, as arranged by Heyne, may be read or scanned in the ordinary manner. We have given the marks of emphasis to those which exhibit the order of Boëckh, as his system is unlike any which preceded it: 10. δει δ ̓ ἀνὰ σκάπτῳ Διος αἰετὸς, ὦ ̓Αρχὸς οἰωνῶν. κελαινῶ πιν δ ̓ ἐπί οἱ νεφέλαν 15. Αγκύλῳ κρατί, γλεφάρων Αδὺ κλαΐστρον, κατέχευας. Ὁ δὲ κνώσσων Ὑγρὸν νῶτον αἰωρεῖ, τεαῖς Ριπᾶισι κατασχόμενος. κ. τ. λ. Α. ά. Κ. ιβ'. Pind. i., Pyth. vv. 1-18., Ed. Heyne. Χρύσεα φορμίγξ, Απολλωνός και ιοπλοκάμων σύνδικον Μοισάν κτεανον τάς ακουει μέν βασις, αγλαίας άρχα, πειθονται δ' αοιδοι σάμασιν, αγήσι χορων οπόταν προοίμιων άμβολας τευχης ελελιζομενα. 5. και τον αιχματάν κεραυνον σβέννυεις άεναου πυρος. ευδεί δ' ανα σκαπτῳ Διος αιετος, ωκειάν πτερυγ άρχος οιωνών, κελαινωπιν δ' επι οι νεφελαν άγκυλῳ κρατί, γλεφαρων άδυ κλαιστρόν, κατέχευας" ο δε κνώσσων υγρον νώτον αιωρεί, τεαις 10. ριπάισι κατασχομενος κ. τ. λ. Pind. i., Pyth. vv. 1–10, Ed. Boëckh In this specimen from Boëckh's Pindar, we have purposely omitted the ordinary accentual marks, with a view to prevent confusion: those now exhibited, indicate the ictus metricus or rhythmical beat alone, and by an attention to them, the lines can be read in such a way as to form a sufficient notion of Boëckh's system. Professor Anthon's Indo-Germanic Analogies will not detain us long. They are wholly out of place in a text-book on Greek Metres, and we would have to travel out of our due path, to take any particular notice of them. The subject is a curious and an interesting one, but a student would as soon expect to find Bopp's Vocalismus bound up with Seidler de Versibus Documiacis, as to have Anthon's Indo-Germanic Analogies as the fourth part of a "System of Greek Prosody and Metre." To return for a moment, before we conclude, to the use which has been made of Sir D. K. Sandford's work. In the commencement of this notice, we expressed our opinion that Professor Anthon had availed himself, to a considerable extent, of Sandford's assistance. We wrote without suspicion, and did not infer that there was any thing which did not meet the eye. But we would now ask, if the work quoted as Sandford's Greek Prosody is not, in truth, the concluding portion of Sandford's larger Greek Exercises. We have not the means by us of veri. fying this conjecture, as Professor Sandford's work is not to be procured in this State; but it was our text book in youth,-we committed the whole of it to memory, and some parts of Dr. Anthon's book, where a reference is made to Sandford's Greek Prosody, are in language wonderfully familiar to our ear. We may be mistaken, but we have never heard of any separate work by Sir Daniel on Greek Prosody, nor can we think any thing else is meant than his Greek Exercises, under a disguised name. 2.—De vera Judicii Juratorum origine, natura et indole. Dissertatio inauguralis, quam illustri jurisconsultorum ordini in alma literarum universitate, Ruperto-Carola, Heidelbergensi, ad gradum doctoris summos in Jure civili et Canonice, honores rite obtinendos submisit auctor, THOMAS CAUTE REYNOLDS, Carolina-Americanus. Heidelbergæ: 1842. THIS dissertation has been already very favourably criticised in some of the ablest periodicals in this country, and in Europe. It has received a complimentary notice in the "Revue étrangère et Française, de Legislation, de Jurisprudence, et d'econemie politique,”—one of the first journals of the kind in France, published by M. Felix, at Paris. Mr. Walsh, the Paris correspondent of the National Intelligencer, writes, "that it has been noticed in very flattering terms, in several of the French and German journals-and that, in a recent No. of the “Analytical Review of Bibliography," it was mentioned as a production characterized by "research, candour, and ability," though some exceptions were taken to its Latinity. Of the numerous complimentary notices made of the treatise in this country, the following only have come to our knowledge, viz. one in the May No. (1843) of the Boston Law Reporter-another in the N. York Tribune-another in N. York Evening Post of Dec. 27th-and a very high encomium passed upon it by Judge Story in a private letter. We take shame to ourselves for the late hour at which we refer to this production. The author has particular claims upon us. He is a countryman-a Carolinian—and this fact, apart from the merits of the disquisition, imposes upon us a duty, which, we are pleased to say, is not less pleasant than peculiar. In the language of one of the reviews, it is a production not only creditable to the author, but to his native land. We have been remiss rather than reluctant. Even now, though late, our analysis must be brief. We shall venture upon few details. As the title imports, the pamphlet before us, is a dissertation upon the origin, nature and true character of the trial by Jury, written by the author, upon his promotion to the degree of Doctor of the Civil and Canon Law, at the University of Heidelberg, Germany. It is dedicated to the much lamented Hugh S. Legaré. The subject is distributed into the four following divisions, viz. :-The Præface-the Introduction-Part I. and Part II. I.—In the Præfatio, the author lays down the plan of the treatise, and offers an apology for the occasional impure Latinisms, which, from the nature of the subject, he has been compelled to employ. In regard to the former, he remarks, "Primum quidem illarum sententrarum (i. e. opinions of the English and other nations) præcipuus in introductione exponam, ea, quæ ineis infirma atque manca mihi videantur, libere et ingenue dijudicans. Deinde de vera celeberrimi hujus instituti origine, quid ego sentiam, afferam. "Extrema dissertationis parte de natura et indole judicii juratorum agam : etc." This is an abstract of the whole argument. In reference to a frequent want of classic terms to express his ideas, which has furnished grounds of objection with some learned critics, sufficient justification is offered by the author, when he says, "Malui verbis minus classicis, sed ad notiones, quus exprimere volo, designandas aptioribus uti, quam terminos antiquos latinos, qui facile alium sensum admittunt, ad res sive notiones novas declarandos adhibere; malui clarius atque distinctius, ut omnes me recte intelligerent, scribere, quam elegantia quæsita excellere; juris enim scientiam profiteor, non philologium: etc." If this explanation, thus given in modesty, be not sufficient to silence objections as to mere words or phrases, we deem nothing farther necessary, than to reply to such persons in the language of a writer in a January number of the Richmond Enquirer. "It is improbable," he says, "that so ancient and celebrated an university as that of Heidelberg (the first law school of Germany) would permit an essay to be published under its sanction, and, for its merits, as well as for his other attainments, confer on the author its highest degree, accompanied by the highest additional distinction, which can be connected with it, if its Latinity were objectionable." In addition to the above, the writer of the present article, can add, that he is personally acquainted with the Professor, through whose hands Mr. Reynolds' dissertation passed before publication, and knows him to be a gentleman of much philological learning, and of high classical attainments in general. II.--According to the plan proposed, the author proceeds in the Introductio to examine the various views of different writers on the origin of the trial by Jury. He criticises freely the opinions of Blackstone, Maurer, Biener, Rogge and others on this subject, and in many respects, differs from these eminent authors. Though to the deeply-read, and scrupulous reader, the author's reasons may not appear entirely satisfactory, yet it must be admitted that he maintains his positions with much ingenuity of argument, and evinces great research into the German and Anglo-Saxon legal antiquities. And here, we would remark, that the reader, who omits, or hurries over the notes in this part of the dissertation, will lose much that is valuable and interesting. So great, indeed, |