vacated; but, at the general election, 1790, he was chosen one of the sixteen representatives of the Scotish Peerage, and followed the same line of conduct in the House of Lords, taking a frequent share in the debates.

The state of his Lordship's health rendering a few months' residence in a mild climate expedient, he left England in August 1792, accompanied by Dr. Moore, who published a "Journal during a Residence in France from the beginning of August to the middle of December 1792." From this journal, it appears that his Lordship arrived in Paris 7th August, at a most critical period, the attack on the Thuilleries, and the imprisonment of the royal family, taking place three days afterwards. The entrance of the combined armies into France, the departure of Earl Gower, the British Ambassador, from Paris, and the massacres of 2nd September, rendering it unsafe to remain, his Lordship quitted Paris 4th Sept. and proceeded to Calais. The situation of affairs becoming more quiet, he returned to Paris in October; but, not deeming it prudent to proceed, he left that capital, 5th December, and landed in Britain on the 14th of that month.

His Lordship, in 1794, published his "Letters to the Peers of Scotland;" and 2nd June 1798, moved an address to the King for peace, which was negatived by the House of Lords. The same year he warmly exerted himself in opposition to the Habeas Corpus Suspension Act, the Sedition Bills, and other measures of administration. His Lordship published in 1796, the "Substance of a Speech in the House of Peers on the National Finances; " in 1797," Thoughts on Finance, suggested by the Measures of the present Session;" in 1798, "Letter on the present Measures of Finance, in which the Bill now pending in Parliament (for tripling the Assessed Taxes), is particularly considered;" in 1804, his elaborate work, "An Enquiry into the Nature and Origin of Public Wealth, and into the Means and Causes of its Increase," (2nd edit. 1818); and in the same year, "Observations on the Review of his Enquiry into the Nature and Origin of Public Wealth, published in the eighth number of the Edinburgh Review;" and in 1805, "Thoughts on the alarming State of the Circulation, and the means of redressing pecuniary Grievances in Ireland;" and, "Hints to the Manufacturers of Great Britain on the consequences of the frish Union, and the System since pursued, of borrowing in England for the service of Ireland."

On the dissolution of the Pitt admi

July, 1806. His Lordship set off for Paris on the 2nd of August following, invested with full powers to conclude peace, the negotiations for which had been for several weeks carried on by the Earl of Yarmouth, arrived there on the 5th, and joined that nobleman in the arduous task of treating with Bonaparte and Talleyrand. Generals Clarke and Champagny were directed to carry on the business with the British negotiators; the Earl of Yarmouth was recalled 14th of August, when the whole devolved on the Earl of Lauderdale. The war between France and Prussia breaking out in September, Bonaparte set off that month for Germany; and the Earl of Lauderdale quitted Paris 9th October, and arrived in London on the 13th of that month. Of the progress and termination of the negotiations, a clear statement appeared in the London Gazette of 21st Oct. 1806, to which reference may be made. On the change of administration, the Duke of Gordon was re-appointed Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland, 11th April 1807. The Earl of Lauderdale now having an hereditary seat in the House of Lords, exerted himself actively in Parliament, and published in 1809, "An Inquiry into the Practical Merits of the Present System for the Government of India under the superintendence of the Board of Control;"" Further Consideration of the State of the Currency; in which the means of restoring our Circulation to a salutary state are fully explained, and the injuries sustained by the Public Treasury, as well as by the National Creditor, from our Present Pecuniary System, are minutely detailed, 1812, 1814;" "Letter on the Corn Laws, 1814."

The pamphlets from his lordship's pen had considerable weight attached to them at the time that bullion and other questions occupied the public attention. In politics, Lord Lauderdale's opinions were, for that period, considered to be extreme; and his appearance in the House of Lords in the rough costume of Jacobinism made quite a sensation when the principles of the French Revolution were in vogue with the democratic party in this country. His lordship possessed much influence in many ways, and was often consulted on important occasions.

Never was a warmer friend or more kind-hearted man than James Earl of Lauderdale his long life was passed in rendering services to his friends. Was there a difference to be reconciled, a difficulty to be surmounted, a provision to be made for merit struggling with adversity, Lord Lauderdale was the person applied to; and never did any one listen with greater kindness to such applications, or use more active or successful exertions to carry into effect the wishes of his friends. As a public man, he was one of the most distinguished of his day. For the last ten years he has lived in retirement, devoted to agricultural pursuits. His Lordship was elected a Knight of the Thistle in 1821.

The Earl of Lauderdale married, on the 15th of August, 1782, Eleanor, only daughter and heiress of Anthony Todd, esq. Secretary to the General Post Office; and by that lady, who survives him, he had issue four sons and five daughters, of whom two sons and two daughters only survive. The names of his children were as follow: 1. The Right Hon. James now Earl of Lauderdale, born in 1784, but unmarried; 2. The Hon. Sir Anthony Maitland, Capt. R.N. C.B. and a Naval Aide-de-Camp to the late King; also a bachelor; 3. Lady Anne, who was married in 1807 to Robert Fraser, of Torbreck, co. Inverness, esq. and died in 1829; 4. Lady Mary, married in 1819 to Edward Stanley, esq. of Crosshall, Lancashire, and has issue; 5. the Hon. John Maitland, Lieut-Colonel of the 32nd foot, who died unmarried on the 18th of June last (see our last volume, p. 655); 6. Lady Eleanor, married in 1815 to James Balfour, esq. of Gorton, N. B.; 7. Lady Julian-Jane, who was the first wife of John Warrender, esq. she was married in 1823, and died in 1827; 8. Lady Charlotte, who died unmarried in 1813, in her 19th year; and 9. the Hon. Charles Fox, who died in 1817, aged 24.

The mortal remains of the late Earl were interred on the 20th of September in the family vault at Haddington Abbey. The Earl of Lauderdale, the Hon. Sir Anthony Maitland, the Hon. E. Stanley, the Marquis of Tweeddale, the Hon. General Maitland, were the members of the family who assisted at the obsequies; and the Marquis of Breadalbane, Sir James G. Craig, Bart., M.P., Earl of Dalhousie, Sir David Baird, Bart., Sir Thomas B. Hepburn, Bart., M.P., and Mr. Warrender, also attended as mourners, out of respect to their departed friend. At Dunbar every demonstration of the deepest sorrow was manifest at the loss the inhabitants had sus

tained by the death of so good and considerate a landlord.

A bust of the Earl of Lauderdale, by Nollekens, was exhibited at Somerset House in 1804.

THE EARL OF MOUNT-EDGCUMBE.

Sept. 26. At his residence on Richmond Hill, aged 74, the Right Hon. Richard Edgcumbe, second Earl of Mount - Edgcumbe (1789), Viscount Mount-Edgcumbe and Valletort (1781), and third Baron Edgcumbe, of MountEdgcumbe, co. Devon (1742); a Privy Councillor, Lord Lieutenant, Vice-Admiral, and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Cornwall, High Steward of Plympton, D.C.L., F.R.S., F.S. A. &c.

&c.

His lordship was born on the 13th of September 1764, the only child of George the first Earl Mount-Edgcumbe, an Admiral of the Blue, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of Cornwall, and Joint Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, by Emma, only child of the Most Rev. Dr. John Gilbert, Lord Archbishop of York. As Viscount Valletort he was a member of the university of Oxford, where he was created D.C.L. July 7, 1783.

He was returned to Parliament for the borough of Fowey, on a vacancy made in Feb. 1786. At the general election of 1790 he was returned both for that borough and for Lestwithiel. For Fowey there was a double return; but, the decision being made in his favour, he finally made his election for that place, which he continued to represent until his accession to the peerage, on the death of his father, the 4th Feb. 1795. At the same

time he was appointed to succeed his father as Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Cornwall; and the lieutenantcy of that county has now remained as nearly as possible a whole century in this family; Richard Edgcumbe, esq. (shortly after the first Lord Edgcumbe) having been so appointed in 1740; his elder son Richard Lord Edgcumbe in 1758, and his younger son the first Earl in 1761.

On the 2d March 1808 the Earl of Mount-Edgcumbe kissed bands on being appointed Captain of the Band of Gen. tlemen Pensioners, an office which had been held by his father from 1773 to 1782. He himself retained it until 18...

His lordship usually voted with the Tories, and in opposition to the Reform of Parliament.

The Earl of Mount-Edgcumbe married Feb. 21, 1789, Lady Sophia Hobart, third daughter of John second Earl of Buckinghamshire; and, by her ladyship,

who died on the 17th of August 1806, he had issue two daughters and three sons: 1. the Right Hon. Emma-Sophia Countess Brownlow, who became in 1828 the third wife of John present and first Earl of Brownlow, and is a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Adelaide; 2. Lady Caroline-Anne, who became in 1812 the first wife of Reginald George Macdonald, esq. and died in 1824; 3. William Richard Viscount Valletort, who died in 1818 in his 24th year; 4. the Right Hon. Ernest-Augustus, now Earl of MountEdgcumbe, Colonel of the Cornwall Militia and Aide-de-camp to the Queen for that service; he was born in 1797, and married in 1831 Caroline, eldest daughter of the late Rear-Adm. Charles Fielding, R. N. and niece to the Earl of Ilchester, by whom he has a son and heir, now Viscount Valletort, born in 1832; and 5. the Hon. George Edgcumbe, Secretary of Legation in Switzerland, who married in 1834 Fanny-Lucy, eldest daughter of Sir John Shelley, Bart.

GEN. SIR JAMES STEUART, BART. Aug. 12. At Cheltenham, in his 95th year, Sir James Steuart, Bart. G.C.H. the senior General Officer in her Majesty's service, and Colonel of the 2d dragoons, or Scots Greys.

He was born in 1744, the son and heir of Sir James Steuart, author of "Political Economy," who was the third Baronet of Goodtrees, co. Lanark (1695), and who, on the death of Sir Archibald Steuart Denham, succeeded to the baronetcy conferred on Sir Thomas Steuart, of Coltness in the same county (1698), by Lady Frances Wemyss, eldest daughter of David second Earl of Wemyss. He received a military education in Germany, and entered the army at sixteen years of age, on the 17th of March 1761, being appointed by the King a Cornet, without purchase, in the 1st dragoons. He served the campaigns of that and the following year in Germany; and on the 13th Jan. 1763 was promoted, by purchase, to a company in the 105th, or Queen's Royal Highlanders. This regiment being reduced in the year following, he again went abroad, and, after travelling in France and Germany, purchased in 1766 a troop in the 5th or Royal Irish dragoons, then stationed in Ireland. In 1769 be was appointed aide-de-camp to Lord Viscount Townshend, then Lord Lieutenant of that kingdom; and in Nov. 1772 he purchased a Majority in the 13th dragoons. In 1775 he was transferred, without solicitation, to the 1st Irish horse, now the 4th dragoon-guards, a step which was regarded as a promotion,

and in the following year, on his old regiment, the 13th dragoons, being converted into Light cavalry, he was selected for Lieut.-Colonel (which commission he obtained by purchase, July 15, 1776). He was promoted to the brevet rank of Colonel in 1782.

Sir James Steuart succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father in 1780. At the general election of 1784 he was returned to Parliament for the county of Lanark, which he continued to represent, during three Parliaments, until the dissolution in 1802.

In 1788 he was employed, together with two Majors and an adequate Staff, in improving the discipline of the Cavalry in Ireland; and at the same time he held the command of the garrison at Dublin, during the summers of 1788 and 1789.

On the 9th Nov. 1791 he was appointed Colonel of the 12th Light dragoons.

In the autumn of 1793, he was ordered with his regiment to Toulon, where he was to have been appointed to serve as Brigadier- General; but the promotion of October in that year having given him the rank of Major-General, and the staff at Toulon being complete, he was disappointed of that service. In the year following Sir James was appointed to the staff of Marquess Cornwallis, and to the command of the cavalry which was to have joined a Prussian subsidy proposed to act on the Meuse; but which subsidy did not come forward as was expected, and Sir James was again disappointed. He was placed, in the month of September, on the Staff in Scotland, and there named to the superintendence of the Cavalry, and to take particular charge of the formation and discipline of the Fencible Cavalry in that country, which he commanded in camp in the summers of 1795, 1796, and 1797.

In autumn 1797, serious disturbances existing in Ireland, he was promoted to the local rank of Lieutenant General in that country, and was there appointed by warrant to command the Southern District, comprehending the province of Munster, then in a greater state of disturbance than any other in Ireland; and his arrangements restored that district to a state of tranquillity, not known to any other district of that kingdom during the year 1798. On the breaking out of the rebellion in May of that year, and the county of Wexford, which was not in Sir James's district, being taken complete possession of by the rebels, and all communication being cut off between the seat of government and the southern district,

Sir James Steuart, of his own accord, instantly ordered Major-General Johnson, with about 3,600 men, and a train of artillery, to march to the right bank of the river Barrow, there to cover the southern district, and to act as might appear to him of most advantage. Major-General Johnson, having taken possession of the town of New Ross, was there attacked, and defeated the rebels on the 5th of June. Further details and documents respecting these transactions will be found in the Royal Military Calendar. On the termination of the rebellion, Sir James was induced to offer his Majesty the resignation of the Staff of Ireland, which was graciously received. His local rank as Lieutenant-General was confirmed by the promotion of Jan. 1, 1798, and he became a full General in 1803. In 1815 he was promoted from the Colonelcy of the 12th to that of the 2nd dragoons.

Sir James Steuart married Alicia, daughter of William Blacker, esq. of Carrick, co. Armagh, by whom he had no issue. He is succeeded in his title by his cousin, Henry Steuart Barclay, esq.

SIR JOHN ST. AUBYN, BART.

Aug. 10. At Putney, aged 81, Sir John St. Aubyn, the fifth Bart. of Clowance, co. Cornwall (1671); F.R.S., F.S.A., F.L.S. &c.

He was the elder son of Sir John St. Aubyn the fourth Baronet, M.P. for Cornwall from 1762 to his death, by a daughter of William Wingfield, esq. of the north of England, who was afterwards remarried to John Baker, esq. He succeeded his father Nov. 12, 1772, and served the office of Sheriff of Cornwall in 1781.

In the Parliament of 1784-90 he sat for Penrhyn, and in that of 1807 for Helston; but he was not very strongly attached to a public life. He had a considerable taste for the pursuits of science, and for the fine arts;* in manners he was truly kind and courteous, and as a landlord he was beneficent; but for many years he had passed little of his time in Cornwall.

He resided some years since at Short Groves, near Saffron Walden, and at another time at Woolmers, near Hertford; which estate he sold to Sir Gore Ouseley, Bart. from whom it was purchased by the present proprietor, the Hon. Capt. Hotham, R.N.

a town mansion in Portland Place.

He had

His grandmother, Miss Morice, the

* Sir John St. Aubyn was at the expense of engraving a series of twelve plates of the monuments of his ancestors in Clowance church, which he presented to Mr. Polwhele's History of Cornwall.

daughter and coheiress of Sir Nicholas Morice, of Werrington, in Devonshire, Bart. brought into the family of St. Aubyn (in addition to 10,0007. in hard cash, which is said to have been all conveyed from Werrington to Clowance, in halfcrowns. [Mr. Davies Gilbert's Cornwall.],) the valuable manor of Stoke Damerel, on which all the dockyards and government buildings of Plymouth have been constructed, and the whole town of Plymouth Dock, now Devonport, together with Morice Town, Stoke, &c. so that the annual income has risen to perhaps three or four fold the original purchase money. This valuable manor is left by Sir John to James St. Aubyn, esq. of Bath, and to his male heirs; but in case he should die without a male heir it will revert to Edward St. Aubyn, esq. (to whom is bequeathed a legacy of 50007.), the present steward of the manor, and his heirs for ever. Nothing has been left to the Rev. J. W. St. Aubyn, the Rector of Stoke. Among the incumbrances on the manor, (together, we believe, with the remainder of the estate,) are 130,000l., being the marriage portions of the deceased baronet's 13 (natural) children, and he has ordered that the revenues of the manor shall be converted into a sinking fund for the payment of these and other claims, the new lord of the manor in the meantime receiving 12001. per annum. It is calculated that it will take 25 years to free the manor from all its incumbrances. Lady St. Aubyn is to receive 30007. per annum, and the trustees, Messrs. Wingfield, the Master in Chancery, and the Rev. Mr. Grylls, of 'St. Cleer, Cornwall, 10007. each. The entailed estates go to the Rev. J. Molesworth, the nephew of the deceased, together with the ancient family seat of Clowance.

The Baronetcy has become extinct.

Sir John St. Aubyn married, July 4, 1822, Mrs. Juliana Vinicombe.

His remains were conveyed through Devonport on the 23d of August, attended by the Mayor, Council, and authorities of the town, in procession. The shops in the route of the procession were closed, and the bells of the church and chapels tolled during the day. The fu. neral took place on the 29th, and was attended by the Freemasons of Cornwall.

SIR ROBERT CLAYTON, BART. Aug. At Adlington hall, Lancashire, in his 93d year, Sir Robert Clayton, the second Baronet of that place (1774), the senior Major in her Majesty's

army.

Sir Robert Clayton was descended of

an ancient Lancashire family. He was born in 1746, the second son of John Clayton, esq. (nephew of Richard Clayton, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in Ireland), by Elizabeth, second daughter of the Rev. Dr. Goodwin, Rector of Tankersley, Yorkshire. He was appointed Ensign in the 17th foot in 1767, Lieutenant in 1771, Captain in 1775, and Major in 1785. He had been for many years on the half pay of the 82d foot, with stationary rank.

His elder brother, Sir Richard Clayton, who was Recorder of Wigan and Constable of Lancaster castle, was created a Baronet in 1774, with remainder to the heirs male of the body of his father. He died Consul at Nantes, in April 1828; when, pursuant to the patent, Sir Robert succeeded to the title.

Sir Robert married in 1786, Christophora, daughter of the Rev. Roger Baldwyn, D.D. Prebendary of Carlisle ; but had no issue. We presume the baronetcy has expired with him. He is succeeded at Adlington by his nephew, the Rev. Clayton Browne, son of General Browne, by Henrietta, only daughter and heiress of his brother Sir Richard.

SIR C. S. SMITH, BART. Aug. 7. In Devonshire, aged 41, Sir Christopher Sidney Smith, the second Baronet, of Eardiston, co. Worcester (1809).

He was born May 14, 1798, the son and heir of Sir William Smith, the first Baronet of Eardiston, by Mary, daughter of Edward Wheeler, esq. of Lambswick, co. Worcester. He succeeded to the title on the death of his father, Nov. 1821. He served the office of Sheriff of Worcestershire in 182.. and was for many years Chairman of the Worcester sessions.

Sir C. S. Smith married in 1822 Mary, daughter of the late Rev. Robert Foley, Rector of Old Swinford, by whom he had issue two sons and a daughter: 1. Sir William Smith, who has succeeded to the title, born in 1823; 2. Mary-Sidney; and 3. Edward, born in 1826.

Lady Smith died Dec. 1, 1833; and Sir Christopher married secondly a lady who survives him.

SIR J. W. H. Brydges, KNT. Sept. 6. At his seat, Wootton Court, Kent, in his 75th year, Sir John William Head Brydges, Knt. Captain of Sandgate Castle, and a Commissioner of Dover Harbour.

He was born in July 1764, the third and youngest son of Edward Brydges, of Wootton Court, esq. by Jemima, daughter and coheiress of the Rev. William

Egerton, LL.D. Prebendary of Canterbury, grandson of John second Earl of Bridgewater, by Lady Elizabeth Cavendish, daughter of William Duke of Newcastle. He derived the name of Head from his maternal grandmother, Anne, daughter of Sir Francis Head, Bart. The late clever but wayward person, Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges, Bart. (of whom a memoir was given in our number for Nov. 1837) was his elder brother.

Sir John was Lieut.-Colonel of the Romney fencible cavalry, raised in 1794, and disbanded in Ireland in 1800. He received the honour of knighthood, June 12, 1822. He married, April 1, 1812, Lady Isabella Anne Beresford, daughter of George first Marquess of Waterford, aunt to the present Marquess, and sister to the Lord Archbishop of Armagh. Her ladyship survives him: with one son, John, born in 1814, and two daugh

ters.

LIEUT.-GEN. Need.

Aug. 18. At his residence, Fountain Dale, Notts, aged 73, Lieut.-General Samuel Need, Colonel of the 9th Lan

cers.

This officer was appointed Cornet in the first dragoon guards the 27th Oct. 1784; Lieut. in 1786; Capt. 1793; and Major in the 27th (now 24th) light dragoons, 19th April, 1796. In the latter year he embarked for the East Indies, and landed at the Cape of Good Hope; he was present at the capture of the Dutch fleet and army, which was sent to retake the Cape in 1796; and he subsequently proceeded to the East Indies. The 29th April, 1802, he obtained the brevet of Lieut.- Col.; with the latter rank he served in the East Indies. He was present in 1802 at the sieges of the following forts: Sarsnee, Bidzig-Ghur, and Kuchourie. He served with the army under Lord Lake, during the whole of his lordship's campaigns, and was at the annexed sieges and actions: Aug. 29, 1803, siege of Coel; Sept. 4, assault of Allighur; Sept. 14, Delhi; Oct. capture of Agra; Nov. 1, Lasiwarrie; in Oct. 1804, at Junda; Oct. 7 and 10, at Muttra; Nov. 17, at Futty Ghur; and Dec. at the siege and capture of Dieg; Jan. 23, March 29, and April 2, 1805, at Bhurtpore; and March 22 at Assul-Ghur. During the two last of Lord Lake's campaigns, he commanded a brigade of cavalry; June 22, 1809, he obtained a Lieut.-Colonelcy in the 24th dragoons, the rank of Colonel in 1811, that of Major-General in 1814, and that of Lieut.-General in 1830. He was ap pointed to the Colonelcy of the 7th Lancers in 183..