he accompanied into France, and, sojourning at the University of Thoulouse, he became professor of Divinity there, and was afterwards consecrated Bishop of the diocese of Aire, in Gascony. From that see he was promoted, in 1391, to the archbishopric of Dublin, and in the following year was made Chancellor of Ireland. In 1394 he contributed to the entertainment of Richard the Second when the king kept his Christmas in Dublin; and shortly after he was one of the Ambassadors sent to negociate the King's marriage with Isabel of France. Like some Englishmen of later times, Waldeby seems to have regarded a residence in Ireland as an expatriation, and in 1395 he was contented to resign his archiepiscopal dignity for the subordinate see of Chichester.

However, in the following year, he not only recovered his former grade, but had the satisfaction of resuming it in the province of his own nativity.

He survived little more than ten months, dying on the 6th Jan. 1397-8, when his body was buried in Westminster Abbey. His sepulchral effigy on brass plate is one of the few remaining in that edifice: it is a fine work of art, and has been three times engraved, by Cole, in Dart's Westminster Abbey; by Basire, in Drake's York; but more accurately in Mr. G. P. Harding's Antiquities in Westminster Abbey, 4to., 1825. The epitaph, of which the latter part only remains, is supplied in full, through Weever, from a MS. in Sir Robert Cotton's library: it is a compendious sketch, both of Waldeby's history and his character :

Hic fuit expertus in quovis jure Robertus
De Waldebye dictus, nunc est sub marmore strictus,
Sacre scripture doctor fuit et geniture;
Ingenuus medicus et plebis semper amicus:
Presul Adurensis, post hec archas Dulbinensis,
Hinc Cicestrensis, tandem primas Eborensis.
Quarto kalend. Junii migravit cursibus anni,
Milleni ter C. septem nonies quoque deni,
Vos precor orate, quod sint sibi dona beate
Cum sanctis vite requiescat, et hic sine lite.

:

There were originally three shields of arms upon the slab of which the central one remains, being the favourite achievement of King Richard the Second,* viz. an impalement of the presumed arms of King Edward the Confessor, with the quarterly coat of France and England: but the two lateral shields have been long since removed. The seal we now publish is therefore valuable as showing what the arms of Archbishop Waldeby were. None of his seals for the sees of Dublin, Chichester, or York have hitherto come into the large collection formed by Mr. Doubleday, of Little Russellstreet; otherwise his personal arms might also be expected to be found upon them, as is the case with the seals of his contemporary Archbishop Arundel.

The dexter side of the shield is occupied with an archiepiscopal pall surmounting a crosier; and these appear to have been the usual armorial insignia of the Archbishops of York, down to the period of the Reformamation. The same insignia, it is well known, continue to be borne by the Archbishops of Canterbury, at the present day; and also by the Archbishops of Armagh and Dublin. On what account the pall was relinquished by the Archbishops of York, unless it was for the sake of distinction from Canterbury, is perhaps not recorded; but it occurs so late as on the seal of Archbishop Edward Lee, consecrated in 1531. On all the monuments of Archbishops subsequent to the Reformation, the arms now used of a crown and crosss-keys occur.†

two brothers, and perhaps their history also; for it is sometimes stated that John was elected (though not confirmed) Archbishop of York.-See Tanner, Bibliotheca Britannica; and Stevens, Monasticon, ii. 219.

*Frequently displayed by his adherents as on the seal of Archbishop Arundel (Archæologia, vol. XXVI, pl. xxx.); on a carving in the hall of Croydon Palace (Pugin's Specimens), and on the grave-stone of Sir Simon Felbriggs, his standard-bearer (Cotman's Norfolk Brasses); and in many other examples.

† On the first, that of Archbishop Sandys, the cross-keys appear without the crown, according to Drake's print, p. 457, but that print is perhaps not to be depended upon.

* See several instances in the Durham Wills, published by the Surtees Society. Whilst on the subject of ancient seals, we shall take the opportunity to notice a manufactory of fabricated matrices which, we understand, has some time been carried

We recently saw two specimens in a shop window in the neighbourhood of Covent Garden. They were casts in brass of seals which we well knew, duly soiled with dirt and verdigrease; but having handles, apparently taken from modern bronze inkstands, &c. which completely exposed their character to the experienced eye. There can be no objection to the perpetuation of ancient seals in so durable a material; but the actual value of such casts is as many shillings as pounds are demanded. These hints may tend to place the unwary virtuoso on his guard, as we have reason to believe some remarks we formerly gave on fabricated Anglo-Saxon coins attracted the attention of the numismatic collectors. EDIT.

*There appear to have been some ceremonies anciently used when the Lady took her Chamber. It is stated, that when the Queen of Henry the Seventh took her Chamber "the Erles of Shrewsbury and of Kente hyld the Towelles, whan the Quene toke her Rightes; and the Torches ware holden by Knightes. Whan she was comen into hir great Chambre, she stode undre hir Cloth of Estate: then there was ordeyned a Voide of Espices and swet Wyne; that doone, my Lorde, the Quene's Chamberlain, in very goode wordes desired, in the Quene's name, the pepul there present to pray God to sende hir the goode houre: and so she departed to hir inner Chambre."-Strutt, vol. iii. p. 157, from a MS. in the Cotton Library.

he manumitted Thomas Gybbs his villain; and bare then, as appears by his seal, Calthorpe and Bacon quarterly, and for his crest, a boar's head between two naked boys armed with clubs.

In the twenty-fifth of the same reign, he purchased the ancient seat of the Erpingham's, situated in the parish of St. Martin at the Plain, in the city of Norwich, of the executors of Joan Lady Bardolph, and that mansion he made his occasional city residence.

He became locum tenens and commissary-general to the most noble and potent William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk and Earl of Pembroke, high chamberlain of England, Ireland, and Aquitain, during the minority of Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter and Lord Admiral; and in the 36th of the same reign he again served the office of sheriff, and was knighted at the coronation of King Edward the Fourth, 1461.

In the 8th of that reign he writes himself of Ludham, in Norfolk, and that year he again filled the office of sheriff; he also served, for the fourth time, in the eighteenth year of the same reign, and that year was steward of the household to Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York and Norfolk, and second son of Edward IV, who married Anne, sole daughter and heiress of the above John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk.

Sir William Calthorp was twice married. By his first lady, Elizabeth, daughter of Reginald Grey, Lord Grey of Ruthyn, who died in 1437, he had issue two sons, John and William, and two daughters, Amy and Elizabeth. He married secondly, Elizabeth, eldest daughter and co-heir of Sir Miles Stapleton, of Ingham in Norfolk, knight, by Catharine, his second wife, daughter of Sir Thomas Delapole, knight, by whom he also had issue two sons Francis and Edward, and as many daughters; Elizabeth, the eldest, married Francis Haselden of Little Chesterford, in Essex, esquire, and Anne, the youngest, was the wife of Sir Robert Drury of Hawsted in Suffolk, knight, privy councillor to King Henry the Seventh.

From the male issue of these

matches, several distinct branches are derived of this honourable and knightly family. Sir William Calthorpe died in 1494, and was buried by his first lady, in the Whitefriars' church at Norwich; his will was proved Nov. 27, in that year, and inquisitions were awarded in Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Hertfordshire, &c.

Lady Elizabeth survived him, and became the wife of Sir John Fortescue, Lord Chief Justice of England, on whose death she re-married to Sir Edward Howard, Lord High Admiral, and brother of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk. She died in the last year of the reign of Henry the Seventh, Yours, &c. A. P.

MR. URBAN, July 5. IT has often occurred to me, whilst taking a review of the present state of Anglo-Saxon literature, to endeavour, by means of inquiries in the Gentleman's Magazine, to ascertain if the Anglo-Saxon language was ever extinct in England. A few days ago, whilst looking over Hearne's Glossary to Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle, I met with a “letter concerning a book printed at Tavistock in Devonshire," written by Hearne to John Bagford, who was then making collections (now in the Harleian Library) for a History of Printing.

The allusion is to "The Boke of Comfort, called in Latyn Boecius de Consolatione Philosophie, enprented in the exempt Monastery of Tavestok, in Denshyre. By me Dan Thomas Rychard, Monke of the sayd Monastery, to the instant desyre of the ryght worshypful esquyer Mayster Robert Langdon, Anno Domini MDXXV." On this work Hearne, who apparently had examined it, has the following conjecture:

"I am of opinion that Robert Langdon mov'd him to print this Book not only out of a pious Design, but also for the advancing the Saxon Tongue, which was taught in this Abbey as well as in some other places of this Kingdom with success; and there were Lectures read in it constantly here, which continued some time after the Reformation. Now this Translation of Boëtius having variety of words agreeing with the Saxon, it might be reckoned by Mr. Langdon a very proper book for attaining to the knowledge of the

Several authorities may be cited respecting the founding a Saxon lecture in the monastery of Tavistock. The first which I shall adduce is Camden in the Britannia (in Devonshire), who distinctly states that Saxon Lectures were read in Tavistock Monastery till or near to the time of its dissolution. In L'Isle's Saxon Monuments, Preface to the edition of 1623, allusion is made to it in the following words:-"Thanks be to God that he that conquered the land could not so conquer the language, but that in Memory of our Fathers it hath been preserved in common Lectures," &c. Kennet, in his life of Somner, apparently following Camden, says, In the Abbey of Tavistock, which had a Saxon founder about 691, there were solemn lectures in the Saxon tongue even to the time of our fathers, that the knowledge of it might not fail, as it has since well nigh done." In a

66

Archbishop was not alone in the wish to promote the revival of the Saxon tongue, although from his elevated position the merit of much that others The labours of Nowell, and Josceline, did was, probably, attributed to him. and Lambarde, must not be forgotten: the former of whom, so early as 1557, compiled a Saxon vocabulary, said to be deposited in the Bodleian Library; so that his knowledge of the language, we may suppose, had been acquired before this period. Of Josceline but little is known; some particulars of his life and labours are given in the History of Lambeth Palace, and a portion of his collections is deposited in the Cotton Library.

There is, perhaps, no part of England in which so many Anglo-Saxon words are to be met with in general use, as amongst the common people of the counties of Devon and Somerset.

For the purpose of illustration I subjoin a few words selected at random ; the first column has the Anglo-Saxon form; the second the western dialect; the third is modern English.

sketch of the progress of Anglo-Saxon hælm, healm helm
literature published at Paris, in 1836,
there is an allusion to an Anglo-Saxon
"Nous avons lu quelque
grammar,
part que les moines de Tavistock com-
posèrent et même imprimèrent une
Grammaire Saxonne." And in a work
on the same subject, published the
following year, Mr. Kemble remarks,
"It is said that the monks of Tavis-
tock, before the dissolution of their
monastery, not only revived the study
of Saxon, but possessed a font of Saxon
type, and printed Saxon books. As-
suredly of any Saxon book which they
did print, (if ever they printed any,)
there is nothing remaining in any
library in Europe."

Without multiplying quotations on the subject, although it may be doubted whether any Saxon books were printed before the Saxon Homilies in 1567, by John Daye, yet it appears reasonable to conclude that a Saxon lecture was publicly read in the monastery of Tavistock till its dissolution, which a few years only preceded what has been called the revival of Saxon literature by Archbishop Parker about the year 1566. But the

hwar

hwætene

whaur
hwæten

to hear

where
wheaten

Without a knowledge of the strong aspiration of the h, by natives of the west, it is, perhaps, not so evident; but with that knowledge it will appear plainly that their pronunciation of words which retain the Anglo-Saxon form, approaches very nearly to that which is elucidated by the rules given by philologers for our guidance in the Anglo-Saxon. With this in view, the accenting of hroc in any other way than by lengthening the open sound of o as in croak seems to be improper. The retention too of the Anglo-Saxon pronoun ic, in the various forms of ic, ich, iche, 'ch, &c. as well as the singular and plural dative, thissum, of the Anglo-Saxon pronoun thes, may_be noticed as deserving of attention. But