Development Banking and Finance

African applied argued assets benefits borrowing capital markets cash flows causality central bank chapter cointegration commercial banks consumption cost-benefit analysis costs countertrade country-risk currency DBCR debt management developing countries development banks development finance discount rate domestic EADB economic development economic growth effect equation equity equivalent annuities ESMs example exchange rate export financing financial development financial institutions financial liberalisation financial markets financial repression financial restructuring financial sector financial system follows foreign exchange framework genr Ghana hypothesis important income increase industrial inflation intersectoral financial flows investment issues Kalecki Kenya LDEs lending loans macroeconomic method monetary Murinde payment percent private sector programmes project analysis project appraisal ratio real interest rates rescheduling role savings shadow pricing Singapore stabilisation policy stock exchange stock market stock prices structure supply-leading Tanzania techniques trade transmission mechanism Uganda variables World Bank World Bank Group