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the nature of flourishes, graceful playing, improvising, and the like, because it is difficult to get the real meaning into English, as it implies the incidental chords and arpeggios improvised by a Spanish accompanist to fill in the gaps which occur while the singer is preparing in his head the next verse he intends to improvise.

Second, decidora; we accepted witty, fluent, with a gift for repartee, and so on, because this is also purely Spanish. It means that the speaker is a ready versifier or improviser. This country has nothing exactly like the Spanish tertulia -a circle that meets for conversation and song; also where there are young members, for dancing. The singers compose their own coplas, which are replied to by other singers, who improvise coplas in reply. Nobody knows what the next verse will be, and the accompanist scrapes along on his guitar, filling up the gaps and keeping pace with each singer. The whole entertainment is practically spontaneous, therefore the player must be able to rasguear la guitarra, and the singers must be decidor or decidora.

Third, the whole tertulia, whether decidor or not, takes active part in the entertainment by beating time to the singing, or dancing, by clapping of hands, hence the leading singer of the girls was said to be acompañada del ruido de las palmas. Some translators thought it meant applause, but this would not have accompanied the songs. It may be of interest to recall that tertulia is derived from the name of the Roman Emperor Tertullian, who is said to have set the fashion for this kind of entertainment.

We regret that compañeras was given in the masculine form in error, but we have not counted the point against anybody who took it so literally.

A few of our readers found a further difficulty- de mi extraña aparición—and put my unaccustomed or unusual or unexpected presence there; but the previous reference to the writer's nervous dread lest jokes should be made at his (Continued on page 22)

THE EDUCATION GUILD OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND

Registered Office: 9-10 BRUNSWICK SQUARE,

LONDON, W.C. 1. December 17, 1928.

NOTICE is hereby given that an EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING of the Association will be held at 10 BRUNSWICK SQUARE, W.C. 1, on Friday, January 18, 1929, at 5 p.m., when the following resolutions will be proposed:

be

(1) "That the Guild be wound up voluntarily and that appointed Liquidator for the purpose of such winding up." (2) "That the Liquidator be and he is hereby authorized to deal with the property of the Association in accordance with the directions of the Members."

de los mozos y él que entre todos ellos despuntaba por su gracia y su desenfadado ingenio.

Por mi parte no necesité mucho tiempo para conocer que entre ambos existía algún sentimiento de affección que se revelaba en sus cantares, llenos de alusiones transparentes y frases enamoradas.

TRANSLATED BY

"COPT"

As I wished to avoid notice and to prevent my presence becoming a mark for raillery more or less veiled, I sat down beside the door of the small tavern, ordered something to drink— but did not drink it—and, when everybody had ceased to think of my strange appearance, I took out a sheet of paper from my drawing portfolio, for I had it with me, and proceeded to look around for a typical figure to sketch and to keep as a souvenir of that scene and that day.

Very soon one of the merry cluster of girls around the swing arrested my gaze. She was tall, slender, something of a brunette, with dreamy eyes large and black, and her hair blacker than her eyes.

While I was making my sketch, a group of men, and among them one who played excellently on the guitar, chanted in chorus verses hinting at the personal charms, the love secrets, the open affections or incidents of the jealousies and antipathies of the girls amusing themselves around the swing, verses to which the girls replied in turn with others no less pretty, provoking, and playful. The girl, brown of skin, lithe of figure, and quick of wit, whom I had selected for my model, led the women's responses, improvising the verses and delivering them to the noisy accompaniment of her companions' clapping of hands and peals of laughter; and the guitarrist seemed to be the leader of the young men amidst whom he was conspicuous by his personal attractions and his debonair talents.

I, from my point of view, did not need long to see that between this pair there was a bond of tender feeling, manifested in their verses full of unmistakable allusions and words of wooing.

This very straightforward passage contained only three points which presented any real difficulty; we will take them in order. First, rasgueaba la guitarra; rasguear an instrument means to run up and down the instrument in arpeggios or chords. We have accepted any rendering in

University of Strasbourg,

FRANCE

WINTER TERM, 1928-9
November 2 to February 28

SUMMER TERM begins March 1st

Course for Foreign Students:

"Institut d'Etudes Françaises Modernes."

Special Lectures on French Language
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More detailed information about board
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BUREAU DE RENSEIGNEMENTS,
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Should the resolutions be passed by the required majority, they will be submitted for confirmation as special resolutions at a SECOND EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING to be held on Friday February 8, 1929, at 5 p.m.

Under the terms of Clause 8 of the Memorandum of Association of the Guild it is provided that any property remaining after satisfaction of all its debts and liabilities shall be given or transferred to some other institution or institutions having objects similar or cognate to the objects of the Guild, to be determined by the Members at or before the time of dissolution. At the presentation of the above proposed Resolutions, therefore, the Members present will be asked to consider and give directions as to the transfer of any such property.

L. PREECE, Hon. Secretary.

NOTICE is further given that the FORTY-FIFTH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Guild will be held at 10 Brunswick Square, W.C. 1 on Friday, January 18, 1929 (immediately after the conclusion of the Extraordinary General Meeting summoned for 5 p.m.), for the transaction of the following business:

1. The Adoption of Annual Report and Balance Sheet for 1927-8. (To be circulated later.)

2. The Election of President.

3. The Election of Honorary Treasurer.

4. The Election of General Members of Council.

"That

5. The consideration of the following Recommendation by Council: Article IV, sec. 12 of the Articles of Association, with regard to the consecutive period of membership of the Council (four years) be rescinded, in order to effect the possible re-election of retiring members.

6. The appointment of Auditor.

L. PREECE, Hon. Secretary.

University

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Students are prepared for

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B.A., M.A., B.Sc., B.Sc. Econ., B.Sc. Eng., B.Com., LL.B., B.D., B.Mus.

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At the B.A. Examinations 1928

134

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GAINING 107 PLACES IN HONOURS.

B.Sc.

At the B.Sc. Examinations 1928

106

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U.C.C. Students Passed,

GAINING 35 PLACES IN HONOURS.

M.A.

At the External M.A. Examination 1928

17 of the 22

successful Candidates were

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COMPLETE PROSPECTUS giving full particulars of Preparation for London University Examinations, may be had post free from THE SECRETARY,

14 BURLINGTON HOUSE, CAMBRIDGE

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The early part of the book deals with the ordinary processes of Arithmetic applied to algebraical expressions consisting of a single term, and is restricted to those sections of Arithmetic which are likely to have come within the scope of the pupils' knowledge.

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Containing 150 figures in the Text. With 358 Exercises.
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The book is suitable for use in the lower forms of Public and Secondary Schools, and in Preparatory Schools it affords an admirable preparation for "Common Entrance." In the examples, as well as in the text, constant use is made of the pupils' out-of-school interests and activities.

GRAMMAIRE FRANÇAISE

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Any difficulties involved in the use of a grammar in French are met in four ways: (a) by simplicity of wording; (b) by stressing throughout examples rather than explanatory matter; (c) by a special vocabulary easily taught, containing all except the most familiar expressions that occur in what explanatory matter there is; (d) by a vocabulary of the words in the examples, tables, &c. Careful attention has been paid to the means of facilitating reference.

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4 SOHO SQUARE, LONDON, W. 1

expense showed that the statement was meant literally: his strange or foreign appearance.

Another unexpected difficulty was levemente morena; this, when referring to southerners, would hardly be tanned, as some thought; nor would it be swarthy. We specially commend " Yendu's" pale brunette.

Remembrance," always a purist, cavils at black eyes and hair blacker still. In English it is more accurate to say dark eyes, which allows for the hair being darker, but in Spanish even dark brown eyes are ojos negros. This scholarly competitor also points out the various possible meanings of de los Gatos, which, in the absence of the context, he gives as The Thieves' Tavern. The context does not explain, but we think the name meant quite literally The Tavern of the Cats.

The Spanish versions always attain a high standard, and we wish more readers took an interest in this beautiful language, with its ever-growing importance in the commercial and literary world. One or two competitors still require a dictionary, which would save them from such mistakes as cradle for columpio, pledges and things pawned for prendas personales. If, indeed, these readers opened their dictionary at all, they should beware of taking the first meaning given.

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We regret that the Christmas rush prevents us from making a more detailed criticism. We thank 383" for his letter and wish he had not said not for publication, on the truly beautiful rendering of Christian Morgenstern's poem that he wrote after digesting the interesting note sent by Fidelis last month. We also thank "A. S. R." for his letter, and are very glad he has plucked up courage to enter. His work is not so bad, but probably too hurried. A Prize of Two Guineas is offered for the best translation into English of the following passage from Moïse,' by Edmond Fleg (Librairie Gallimard.)

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Grande est la paix, ont dit nos Anciens, car, entre les anges

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de neige et les anges de feu, l'Eternel, au ciel, met la paix, combien plus les hommes, ici-bas, en ont besoin.

Grande est la paix, ont dit nos Docteurs, car, pour qu'elle subsiste, l'Eternel permet que le Nom divin lui-même soit effacé. Grande est la paix, ont dit nos Sages, car la guerre elle-même débute par la paix.

C'est pourquoi le prophète enseignait: "Quand vous sortirez pour combattre, vous direz au peuple :-Si quelqu'un a bati une maison et n'en a point encore pris possession, qu'il parte et s'en retourne à sa maison, car il pourrait mourir dans la bataille, et un autre en prendrait possession. Si quelqu'un a planté une vigne et n'en a pas encore eu jouissance, qu'il parte et s'en retourne à sa vigne; car il pourrait mourir dans la bataille, et un autre en aurait jouissance. Si quelqu'un a promis mariage une femme et ne l'a point encore épousée, qu'il parte et s'en retourne à sa femme, car il pourrait mourir dans la bataille, et un autre l'épouserait. Et si quelqu'un a peur dans son coeur, qu'il parte et s'en retourne à sa peur, de peur que le coeur des autres ne défaille comme le sien. Ainsi la paix sera parmi vous. Puis avant d'ouvrir la bataille, vous direz à l'ennemi :-Que la paix soit faite entre toi et moi; et, s'il la refuse, alors seulemente vous prendrez les armes."

Or, Bouki, fils de Jogli, demandait : "Moïse, notre maître, tu as enseigné :-Grande est la paix.-Pourquoi donc faut-il que la guerre soit faite?" Et Moïse répondait : "Pour faire une paix plus grande."

Initials, or a nom de guerre, must be adopted by ALL competitors, but the prize-winners, and the competitors awarded the second place, will be required to send real names for publication if necessary.

No competitor will be awarded a prize more than ONCE during a given year, though the name of the competitor gaining first place will be published each month.

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All entries, which must be accompanied by the coupon printed on page 2, must reach the office by the first post on January 15, 1929, addressed PRIZE EDITOR," The Journal of Education and School World, 3 Ludgate Broadway, London, E.C. 4.

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FRENCH

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By A. W. GREEN, B.A., L.-ès-L. 2s. 6d.

Intended to cover the work of the first two years. Founded on principles of sound drill in essentials and constant revision, this course has been very well received. A third-year course dealing with the subjunctive and more advanced syntax is in preparation. CONTES ET RÉCITS

Edited by J. E. MANSION. New and revised edition, printed in large type and delightfully illustrated by J. P. PINCHON. 1s. 6d.

The subjunctive has been eliminated from the first half of the text, so that this Reader may be used with Groundwork in French. *AN INTRODUCTION TO SPOKEN FRENCH

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For beginners of all ages. The essentials of French word-order and of the French verb are developed on a plan of repetition, substitution, and memorizing. Every sentence is practical and useful. Assimilation of this little book will ensure a very secure foundation in French. THE PHONETIC GATEWAY TO FRENCH By Prof. P. H. CHURCHMAN. 1s. 6d.

Work for one or two terms for young beginners. Part I consists of 35 illustrated lessons forming an introduction both to French and to its pronunciation, in the alphabet of the International Phonetic Association. Part II effects the transition to ordinary French spelling.

L'ÉPOPÉE DE L” EMDEN "

By CLAUDE FARRERE and PAUL CHACK. Edited by
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Told by a gallant seaman, the story of the Emden will appeal to all boys. The German cruiser's exploits formed one of the most thrilling and redeeming features of the Great War.

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The Editors hereby offer three prizes—a first, a second, and a third, in books to be chosen by the successful competitors to the value of £1 Is., 12s. 6d., and 7s. 6d., catalogue price respectively-for the best essays written in English by boys or girls attending any secondary school in Great Britain or Ireland. Not more than three essays should be sent in from any one school, the selection at this stage being made by the form-masters or mistresses concerned. The final awards will be made by the Editors, whose decision shall be final.

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EXAMINATIONS.-On Saturday, January 5, at 5.30 p.m., at the Central Hall, Westminster, Sir Michael Sadler, President of the English Section of the New Education Fellowship, will address a public meeting on " Examinations." This subject has a special importance at the present time, and the meeting is significant in view of the Examinations Enquiry which is being organized by the New Education Fellowship in preparation for the International Conference in Denmark next summer. Mrs. S. Platt, Visiting Lecturer to Training Colleges, is the English national representatives for the Examinations Enquiry, and she will lay before the Denmark Conference the results of her investigation. All further details of the public meeting on January 5th, and of the Examinations Enquiry, may be obtained from the headquarters of the New Education Fellowship, II Tavistock Square, London, W.C. 1.

Of great interest to all History Specialists

A SHORT

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By RAMSAY MUIR, M.A.

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PRACTICAL EXERCISES IN

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By W. T. WILLIAMS, M.A., F. ADAMS and S. H. McGRADY, M.A. Original, scientifically arranged Exercises constituting a medium through which essential facts can be ascertained. Each page contains a chart or diagram for completion by the pupil on the page itself, and, in addition, a number of supplementary exercises.

ENGLISH HISTORY Part I. 1066-1485. Part III. 1688-1815. Part II. 1485-1688. Part IV. 1815-1914. JUST PUBLISHED

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