XVII. That every freeman, for any, injury done him in his perfon or property, ought to have remedy by the course of the law of the land, and ought to have juftice and right, freely without fale, fully without any denial, and fpeedily without delay, according to the law of the land.

XVIII. That the trial of facts where they arife, is one of the greateft fecurities of the lives, liberties, and eftates of the people.

XIX. That in all criminal profecutions, every man hath a right to be informed of the accufation against him, to have a copy of the indictment or charge in due time (if required) to prepare for his defence, to be allowed Coun fel, to be confronted with the witneffes against him, to have process for his witneffes, to examine the witneffes for and against him on oath, and to a speedy trial by an impartial jury, without whofe unanimous confent he ought not to be found guilty.

XX. That no man ought to be compelled to give evidence against himself in a court of common law, or in any other court, court, but in

such cases as have been usually practised in this State, or may hereafter be directed by the legislature.

XXI. That

XXI. That no freeman ought to be taken or imprisoned, or diffeifed of his freehold, liberties, or privileges, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any manner destroyed, or deprived of his life, liberty, or property, but by the judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land.

XXII. That exceffive bail ought not to be required, nor exceffive fines impofed, nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted by the courts of law.

XXIII. That all warrants without oath or affirmation, to fearch fufpected places, or to feize any person or property, are grievous and oppreffive; and all general warrants to fearch fufpected places, or to apprehend suspected perfons, without naming or describing the place or the perfon in special, are illegal, and ought not to be granted.

XXIV. That there ought to be no forfeiture of any part of the estate of any person for any crime, except murder, or treafon against the State, and then only on conviction and attainder.

XXV. That a well regulated militia is the proper and natural defence of a free govern

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XXVI. That

XXVI. That standing armies are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be raised or kept without consent of the legislature,

XXVII. That in all cafes and at all times the military ought to be under ftrict fubordination to, and controul of, the civil power.

XXVIII. That no foldier ought to be quartered in any house in time of peace, without the confent of the owner; and in time of war, in fuch manner only as the legislature shall direct.

XXIX. That no perfon, except regular foldiers, mariners, and marines in the fervice of this State, or militia when in actual fervice, ought in. any cafe to be subject to, or punishable by, martial law.

XXX. That the independency and uprightnefs of Judges are effential to the impartial administration of justice, and a great fecurity to the rights and liberties of the people; wherefore the Chancellor and Judges ought to hold their commiffions during good behaviour and the said Chancellor and Judges fhall be removed for misbehaviour, on conviction in a court of law, and may be removed by the Governor upon the addrefs of the General Af fembly, provided that two-thirds of all the

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Members of each Houfe concur in fuch addrefs. That falaries liberal but not profufe ought to be fecured to the Chancellor and the Judges during the continuance of their commiffions, in fuch manner and at fuch times as the legislature shall hereafter direct, upon confideration of the circumftances of this State: no Chancellor or Judge ought to hold any other office, civil or military, or receive fees or perquifites of any kind.

XXXI. That a long continuance in the first executive departments of power or truft is dangerous to liberty; a rotation, therefore, in thofe departments is one of the beft fecurities of permanent freedom.

XXXII. That no perfon ought to hold at the fame time more than one office of profit, nor ought any person in public truft to receive any present from any foreign Prince or State, or from the United States, or any of them, without the approbation of this State.

XXXIII. That as it is the duty of every man to worship God in fuch manner as he thinks most acceptable to him, all perfons profeffing the Chriftian religion are equally entitled to protection in their religious liberty; wherefore no person ought by any law to be molested

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molested in his person or estate, on account of his religious perfuafion or profeffion, or for his religious practice, unlefs, under colour of religion, any man fhall disturb the good order, peace, or fafety of the State, or fhall infringe the laws of morality, or injure others in their natural, civil, or religious rights; nor ought any person to be compelled to frequent or maintain, or contribute, unless on contract, to maintain any particular place of worship, or any particular ministry: yet the legislature may in their difcretion lay a general and equal tax for the fupport of the Christian religion; leaving to each individual the power of appointing the payment over of the money collected from him, to the fupport of any particular place of worship or minifter, or for the benefit of poor of his own denomination, or the poor in general of any particular county; but the churches, chapels, glebes, and all other property now belonging to the church of England, ought to remain to the church of England for ever. And all Acts of Affembly lately paffed for collecting monies for building or repairing particular churches or chapels of eafe, shall continue in force and be executed, unless the legiflature shall by Act fuperfede or repeal the fame;

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