These are the themes that claim our plaudits | A bard may chaunt too often and too long; now; As thou art strong in verse, in mercy spare!
These are the Bards to whom the Muse must A fourth, alas! were more than we could bear. bow;
While Milton, Dryden, Pope, alike forgot, Resign their hallowed Bays to Walter Scott.
But if, in spite of all the world can say, Thou still wilt verseward plod thy weary way; If still in Berkley-Ballads most uncivil, Thou wilt devote old women to the devil,18
The time has been, when yet the Muse was The babe unborn thy dread intent may rue: young, "God help thee,'' Southey, and thy readers too.
When Homer swept the lyre, and Maro10 sung, An Epic11 scarce ten centuries could claim, While awe-struck nations hailed the magic
The work of each immortal Bard appears The single wonder of a thousand years. Empires have mouldered from the face of earth, Tongues have expired with those who gave them birth,
Without the glory such a strain can give, As even in ruin bids the language live. Not so with us, though minor Bards, content. On one great work a life of labour spent: With eagle pinion soaring to the skies, Behold the Ballad-monger Southey rise! To him let Camoens, Milton, Tasso yield, Whose annual strains, like armies, take
First in the ranks see Joan of Arc advance, The scourge of England and the boast
Next comes the dull disciple of thy school. That mild apostate from poetic rule, The simple Wordsworth, framer of a lay As soft as evening in his favourite May, Who warns his friend19 "to shake off toil and trouble, 239
And quit his books, for fear of growing double'': Who, both by precept20 and example, shows That prose is verse, and verse is merely prose: Convincing all, by demonstration plain, Poetic souls delight in prose insane; And Christmas stories tortured into rhyme Contain the essence of the true sublime. Thus, when he tells the tale of Betty Foy, The idiot mother of "an idiot Boy", the A moon-struck, silly lad, who lost his way, And, like his bard, confounded night with day; So close on each pathetic part he dwells, And each adventure so sublimely tells, That all who view the "idiot in his glory" Conceive the Bard the hero of the story.
Though burnt by wicked Bedford13 for a witch, Behold her statue placed in Glory's niche; Her fetters burst, and just released from prison, A virgin Phoenix from her ashes risen. Next see tremendous Thalaba come on, Arabia's monstrous, wild, and wond'rous son; Domdaniel's14 dread destroyer, who o'erthrew More mad magicians than the world e'er knew. Immortal Hero! all thy foes o'ercome, For ever reign-the rival of Tom Thumb!15 Since startled Metre fled before thy face, Well wert thou doomed the last of all thy race! Well might triumphant Genii bear thee hence, Illustrious conqueror of common sense! Now, last and greatest, Madoc spreads his sails, Cacique16 in Mexico, and Prince in Wales; Tells us strange tales, as other travellers do, More old than Mandeville's,17 and not so true. Oh, Southey! Southey! cease thy varied song!
12 Southey's Joan of Arc, 1796; Thalaba the Destroyer, 1801: Madoc (in two parts: Madoc in Wales, Madoc in Aztlan), 1805.
13 John Plantagenet, the general of the English forces in France.
14 In Arabian tales,
were schooled.
15 The hero of a farce by Fielding.
She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that's best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies.
One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impaired the nameless grace Which waves in every raven tress,
Or softly lightens o'er her face; Where thoughts serenely sweet express
How pure, how dear, their dwelling-place.
And on that cheek, and o'er that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent, The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!
SO WE'LL GO NO MORE A ROVIN
So we'll go no more a roving
So late into the night,
Though the heart be still as loving,
And the moon be still as bright.
For the sword outwears its sheath,
And the soul wears out the breast, And the heart must pause to breathe, And love itself have rest.
Though the night was made for loving, And the day returns too soon, Yet we'll go no more a roving By the light of the moon.
What are garlands and crowns to the brow that And when thy sons to fetters are consigned— is wrinkled?
To fetters, and the damp vault's dayless gloom, 'Tis but as a dead flower with May-dew be- Their country conquers with their martyrdom, sprinkled.
And Freedom's fame finds wings on every wind.
Then away with all such from the head that is Chillon!† thy prison is a holy place, hoary!
What care I for the wreaths that can only give glory!
Oh, Fame!—if I e'er took delight in thy praises,
'Twas less for the sake of thy high-sounding phrases,
And thy sad floor an altar-for 't was trod, Until his very steps have left a trace Worn, as if thy cold pavement were a sod, By Bonnivard! May none those marks efface! For they appeal from tyranny to God.
Than to see the bright eyes of the dear one My hair is gray, but not with years, discover,
She thought that I was not unworthy to love her.
There chiefly I sought thee, there only found thee;
Her glance was the best of the rays that surround thee;
Nor grew it white In a single night,
As men's have grown from sudden fears; My limbs are bowed, though not with toil, But rusted with a vile repose,
For they have been a dungeon's spoil, And mine has been the fate of those To whom the goodly earth and air
When it sparkled o'er aught that was bright in Are banned, and barred-forbidden fare; my story,
I knew it was love, and I felt it was glory.
The first stanza of this poem was written in 1816, when Byron left England for the last time.
But this was for my father's faith I suffered chains and courted death; That father perished at the stake For tenets he would not forsake; And for the same his lineal race In darkness found a dwelling-place; We were seven-who now are one, Six in youth, and one in age, Finished as they had begun,
This French word has no very marked ac- cent on either syllable. Byron usually ac- cents the first. François de Bonivard was of a republican Geneva who resisted the domination of the Duke of Savoy and was imprisoned for six years (1530-1536) in the castle of Chillon, on the Lake of Geneva (Leman). When the castle was captured by his republican friends, he was released. Byron has greatly idealized the character and has invented the circumstance of the imprisonment and death of the brothers. The poem was composed in two days. Of it Dr. F. I. Carpenter writes: "There is very little action; there is very little ornament; the narrative evolves from within, and is presented with high dramatic fidelity, and with subtle gradation and pro- gression. The situation in itself is bare and simple; the art with which the poet develops it is masterly Who else. except Dante per- haps, as in the Ugolino episode [Inferno 33], could do so much with so little?"
Proud of Persecution's rage; One in fire, and two in field Their belief with blood have sealed, Dying as their father died, For the God their foes denied; Three were in a dungeon cast,
Of whom this wreck is left the last.
There are seven pillars of Gothic mould, In Chillon's dungeons deep and old, There are seven columns, massy and gray, Dim with a dull imprisoned ray, A sunbeam which hath lost its way And through the crevice and the cleft Of the thick wall is fallen and left; Creeping o'er the floor so damp, Like a marsh's meteor lamp:
And in each pillar there is a ring, And in each ring there is a chain; That iron is a cankering thing,
For in these limbs its teeth remain, With marks that will not wear away, Till I have done with this new day, Which now is painful to these eyes, Which have not seen the sun so rise For years I cannot count them o'er, I lost their long and heavy score, When my last brother drooped and died, And I lay living by his side.
They chained us each to a column stone, And we were three-yet, each alone; We could not move a single pace, We could not see each other's face, But with that pale and livid light That made us strangers in our sight: And thus together-yet apart, Fettered in hand, but joined in heart, 'Twas still some solace, in the dearth Of the pure elements of earth, To hearken to each other's speech, And each turn comforter to each With some new hope, or legend old, Or song heroically bold;
But even these at length grew cold. Our voices took a dreary tone, An echo of the dungeon stone,
A grating sound, not full and free, As they of yore were wont to be; It might be fancy, but to me They never sounded like our own.
I was the eldest of the three,
And to uphold and cheer the rest I ought to do-and did my bestAnd each did well in his degree.
The youngest, whom my father loved, Because our mother's brow was given To him, with eyes as blue as heaven
For him my soul was sorely moved; And truly might it be distressed To see such bird in such a nest; For he was beautiful as day-
(When day was beautiful to me As to young eagles, being free)— A polar day, which will not see A sunset till its summer's gone,
Its sleepless summer of long light, The snow-clad offspring of the sun: And thus he was as pure and bright, And in his natural spirit gay,
With tears for nought but others' ills, And then they flowed like mountain rills,
Unless he could assuage the woe
Which he abhorred to view below.
The other was as pure of mind,
But formed to combat with his kind; Strong in his frame, and of a mood
Which 'gainst the world in war had stood, And perished in the foremost rank
With joy:-but not in chains to pine: His spirit withered with their clank, I saw it silently decline-
And so perchance in sooth did mine: But yet I forced it on to cheer Those relics of a home so dear. He was a hunter of the hills, Had followed there the deer and wolf; To him this dungeon was a gulf,
50 And fettered feet the worst of ills.
Lake Leman lies by Chillon's walls: A thousand feet in depth below Its massy waters meet and flow; Thus much the fathom-line was sent From Chillon's snow-white battlement, Which round about the wave inthrals: A double dungeon wall and wave Have made and like a living grave. Below the surface of the lake The dark vault lies wherein we lay: We heard it ripple night and day;
Sounding o'er our heads it knocked; And I have felt the winter's spray Wash through the bars when winds were high And wanton in the happy sky;
And then the very rock hath rocked, And I have felt it shake, unshocked,
Because I could have smiled to see
The death that would have set me free.
I said my nearer brother pined,
I said his mighty heart declined, He loathed and put away his food; It was not that 'twas coarse and rude, For we were used to hunter's fare,
And for the like had little care:
The milk drawn from the mountain goat Was changed for water from the moat, Our bread was such as captives' tears Have moistened many a thousand years, Since man first pent his fellow men Like brutes within an iron den; But what were these to us or him? These wasted not his heart or limb; My brother's soul was of that mould Which in a palace had grown cold, Had his free breathing been denied The range of the steep mountain's side; But why delay the truth?-he died. I saw, and could not hold his head, Nor reach his dying hand-nor dead,— Though hard I strove, but strove in vain To rend and gnash my bonds in twain. He died, and they unlocked his chain, And scooped for him a shallow grave Even from the cold earth of our cave. I begged them as a boon to lay His corse in dust whereon the day Might shine-it was a foolish thought, But then within my brain it wrought, That even in death his freeborn breast In such a dungeon could not rest.
I might have spared my idle prayer- They coldly laughed, and laid him there: The flat and turfless earth above The being we so much did love; His empty chain above it leant, Such murder's fitting monument!
But he, the favourite and the flower, Most cherished since his natal hour, His mother's image in fair face, The infant love of all his race,
His martyred father's dearest thought, My latest care, for whom I sought To hoard my life, that his might be Less wretched now, and one day free; He, too, who yet had held untired A spirit natural or inspired— He, too, was struck, and day by day Was withered on the stalk away. Oh, God! it is a fearful thing To see the human soul take wing In any shape, in any mood:
I've seen it rushing forth in blood, I've seen it on the breaking ocean Strive with a swoln convulsive motion, I've seen the sick and ghastly bed Of Sin delirious with its dread: But these were horrors-this was woe Unmixed with such-but sure and slow: He faded, and so calm and meek, So softly worn, so sweetly weak,
So tearless, yet so tender, kind, And grieved for those he left behind; With all the while a cheek whose bloom Was as a mockery of the tomb, Whose tints as gently sunk away As a departing rainbow's ray; An eye of most transparent light, That almost made the dungeon bright; And not a word of murmur, not 140 A groan o'er his untimely lot,-- A little talk of better days,
A little hope my own to raise, For I was sunk in silence-lost In this last loss, of all the most; And then the sighs he would suppress Of fainting nature's feebleness, More slowly drawn, grew less and less: I listened, but I could not hear;
I called, for I was wild with fear: 150 I knew 't was hopeless, but my dread Would not be thus admonished;
I called, and thought I heard a sound- I burst my chain with one strong bound, And rushed to him:-I found him not, I only stirred in this black spot,
I only lived, I only drew The accursed breath of dungeon-dew; The last, the sole, the dearest link Between me and the eternal brink, 160 Which bound me to my failing race, Was broken in this fatal place.
What next befell me then and there
I know not well-I never knew- First came the loss of light, and air, And then of darkness too:
I had no thought, no feeling-none- Among the stones I stood a stone,
180 And was, scarce conscious what I wist,
As shrubless crags within the mist; For all was blank, and bleak, and gray; It was not night, it was not day; It was not even the dungeon-light, So hateful to my heavy sight, But vacancy absorbing space, And fixedness without a place;
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