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to be heretics, and do approve of the judgment pronounced upon them."

In the year of grace 1177, being the twenty-third year of the reign of king Henry, son of the empress Matilda, the said Henry, and Geoffrey, earl of Brittany, and John, his sons, were at Northampton, in England, during the festival of the Nativity of our Lord. On the same day, king Henry, the son, and his wife were at Argenton in Normandy, and Richard, the son of king Henry, earl of Poitou, was in Aquitaine, at the city of Bourdeaux. Immediately after the Nativity of our Lord, he laid siege to the city of Aques, which Peter, viscount of Aques, and the count of Bigorre had fortified against him, and within ten days he took it. After this, he laid siege to the city of Bayonne, which Ernald Bertram, viscount of Bayonne, had fortified against him, and within ten days he took it. Moving his army thence, he came to the gates of Sizarre, now called Port D'Espagne, and took and destroyed it, and, by force, compelled the Basques and Navarrese to make oath, that, from that time forward, they would always keep the peace towards strangers and among themselves, and he also put an end to all the evil customs that had been introduced at Sorges and Espure.

In the meantime, the king of England, the father, holding a general council at Northampton, after the feast of Saint Hilary, restored to Robert, earl of Leicester, all his lands on both sides of the sea, as he held the same fifteen days before the war began, with the exception of the castles of Mountsorrel and Pasci. In like manner he restored to Hugh, earl of Chester, all the lands of which he was in possession fifteen days before the war; and to William d'Aubigny, son of William, earl of Arundel, he gave the earldom of Sussex. At the same council, also, Guido, the dean, resigned into the hands of Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, his deanery of Waltham, and quitted claim, freely and absolutely, of all right which he had to the church of Waltham. In the same manner did the canons secular of Waltham as to their prebends, resigning them into the hands of the archbishop; but our lord the king gave them full compensation for the same, according to the estimate of the lord archbishop of Canterbury. After this, our lord the king, by the authority of our lord the pope, placed in the same church of Waltham canons regular taken from various houses

in England, and appointed Walter de Ghent, a canon taken from the church of Oseney, the first abbat of that community, and enriched them with great revenues and very fine mansions.

In the same year, the same king, having expelled the nuns from the abbey of Ambrosebury, for incontinence, and distributed them in more strict charge in other religious houses, gave the abbey of Ambrosebury as a perpetual possession to the abbess and convent of Fontevraud; and, a convent of nuns being sent over from Fontevraud, Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, introduced them into the abbey of Ambrosebury, on the eleventh day before the calends of June, being the Lord's Day, in the presence of our lord the king, the father, Bartholomew, bishop of Exeter, John, bishop of Norwich, and many others of the clergy and the people. On the same day, and at the same place, the before-named archbishop of Canterbury consecrated Guido, bishop of Bangor.

In this year, Philip, earl of Flanders, sent Robert, the advocate of Bethune, and Roger, castellan of Courtrai, to our lord Henry, the king of England, the father, to inform him that Louis, king of the Franks, had asked of him the eldest daughter of his brother, Matthew, earl of Boulogne, in marriage for his son Philip, and the other daughter of the earl of Boulogne for Louis, son of earl Theobald, but that he was determined to give them to no one without his sanction. The said earl also asked the king of England for the money which he had promised to give for the soul of his brother, Matthew, earl of Boulogne, for the purpose of maintaining knights for the defence of the land of Jerusalem. On this, our lord the king made answer to them that the matter would go well, unless, indeed, it stopped short with the earl; 85 and added, that if the earl of Flanders was willing to marry his nieces, the daughters of the earl of Boulogne, according to his wishes and advice, and would give him good assurance of the same, he would then fulfil all his promises, even to a fuller extent than he had made them. And, for the purpose of hearing the earl's answer on the subject, he sent Walter de Coutances, his vice-chancellor, and Ranulph de Glanville, in whose presence the said earl of Flanders made oath that he would marry his said nieces to no person, unless by the advice and consent 85 Perhaps in allusion to earl Theobald.

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of the king of England, the father. However, disregarding his oath, the said earl married them without the leave and consent of the king.

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In the same year, the before-named Vivianus, cardinal priest, titular of Saint Stephen de Monte Celi, and legate of the Apostolic See, was in the Isle of Man, with king Guthred, on the day of the Nativity of our Lord. After the Epiphany, he passed over into Ireland, and, landing at Duns in Ulster, while he was walking along the sea-shore towards Dublin, he met the troops of John de Courcy, who seized him and made him prisoner; but John de Courcy set him at liberty and suffered him to depart. The before-named John de Courcy also, before the Purification of Saint Mary, laid siege to and took the city of Dun, which is the capital of Ulster, where also rest the bodies of Saint Patrick and Saint Columba, the confessors, and of Saint Bridget, the virgin. On hearing this, Roderic, king of Ulster, levied a large army of Irish, and fought a battle with the above-named John; and John de Courcy, after losing a part of his army, gained a great victory, and having conquered king Roderic, and put him to flight, remained in possession of the field, and distributed the spoils of the slain among his men. In this battle was taken prisoner the bishop of Dun, whom John de Courcy ordered, at the prayer of the cardinal, to be set at liberty.

In the same year died the earl Hugh Bigot, whose treasures the king, the father, retained in his own hands. In this year, also, Alphonso, king of Castille, and Sancho, king of Navarre, his uncle, after many and great battles fought between them, came to a settlement before the king of England, the father, on the disputes and claims that existed between them. Accordingly, there came into England, on behalf of the king of Castille and on behalf of the king of Navarre, four chosen men whom they knew to be trustworthy persons, being sent to England to hear the decision of the court of the king of England, and to report the same to the above-named kings of Spain, namely, John, bishop of Tarragona, Peter de Areis, Gunter, a brother of the Temple, and Peter de Rinoso. There came also on behalf of Alphonso, king of Castille, Matthew, bishop of Palencia, count Gomez, Lobdiez, Gomez, the son of Garsias, Garsias, the son of Garsias, Peter, the son of Peter, and Gotteri Fernanz;

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and, on behalf of Sancho, king of Navarre, the bishop of Pampeluna, Garsias Bermer, Sancho, the son of Ramiro, Espagnol de Taissonal, Peter, the son of Ramiro, and Ascenar de Chalez. All these were sent to assert their claims, and to answer on behalf of their masters. There came also two knights of wonderful prowess and valor, with horses and warlike arms, one on behalf of the king of Castille and the other on behalf of the king of Navarre, to appeal to wager of battle, at the court of the king of England, if it should be deemed necessary.

Accordingly, on the first Lord's day in Lent, our lord, Henry, king of England, son of the empress Matilda, came to London, for the purpose of holding a general council. At it were present; Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, Gilbert, bishop of London, Hugh, bishop of Durham, Geoffrey, bishop of Ely, Walter, bishop of Rochester, Reginald, bishop of Bath, Robert, bishop of Hereford, John, bishop of Norwich, Bartholomew, bishop of Exeter, Roger, bishop of Worcester, John, bishop of Chichester, Christian, bishop of Whitherne, the bishop of Saint David's, the bishop of Saint Asaph, the bishop of Bangor, and the abbats, priors, earls, and barons of England. These having met together at Westminster, the king ordered the aforesaid envoys from the kingdom of Spain to reduce into writing their claims and charges, and afterwards give them to him; in order that, by means of a translation thereof, he himself and his barons might be able to understand their respective claims and charges; for neither the king nor the barons of his court understood their language. For the purpose of reducing this to writing, there was a space of three days allowed.

Accordingly, on the fourth day they produced a writing, in which was the following statement: "king Sancho the Fat had three sons, Ferdinand, king of Castille, Ramiro, king of Arragon, and Garcias, king of Navarre and Nagara. Ferdinand was the father of king Alphonso, who took Toledo, and was the father of queen Vracha, who was the mother of the emperor Alphonso, the father of king Sancho, whose son was king Alphonso, who married Eleanor, daughter of Henry, king of England. Ramiro, king of Arragon, was the father of king Sancho, who was father of king Peter and king Alphonso. King Peter died without issue, and was succeeded by his brother, king Alphonso, who took Saragossa. Garcias,

king of Navarre and Nagara, was the father of king Sancho, who was afterwards slain at Penafiel: he was the father of Sancho, who died without issue when a child, and was succeeded, in Navarre and Nagara, by king Alphonso, his father's kinsman, who took Toledo, as far as the boundaries of Puente la Reyna and Sangosa: and the said child was succeeded by Sancho, king of Arragon, his father's kinsman, in the remaining portion of Navarre and Pampeluna.

The Treaty and Covenants entered into between Alphonso, king of Castille, and Sancho, king of Navarre.

"These are the treaty and covenants which were entered into between Alphonso, king of Castille, and Sancho, king of Navarre, his uncle, for submitting the points in dispute between them to the judgment of the king of England. For this purpose each of these kings gives three castles in pledge, that he will receive and fulfil the award of Henry, king of England, son of the empress Matilda, and father-in-law of king Alphonso; and he who shall fail so to do, is to lose the castles underwritten. For this purpose king Alphonso gives in pledge Nagara, a castle of the Jews, Arnedo, a castle of the Christians and a castle of the Jews, and Celorigo. In like manner, Sancho, king of Navarre, gives in pledge the castle of Stella, which Peter, the son of Roderic, holds, being a castle of the Jews, as also Funes and Maranon. And for the above purpose envoys from both kings are to appear in the presence of the king of England on the first day of this present Lent, being the beginning of the fast, for the purpose of receiving his decision. And if by chance the envoys on either side shall be detained on the road in consequence of death, infirmity, or captivity, the envoys that precede them are to await them for a period of thirty days beyond the day above-named at the court of the said king of England; and then, those who are well and able are to come to the court and hear the decision. And if all shall be sick, or taken prisoners, or shall die, then the king who has no envoy present is to be the loser. And if all or any of the envoys shall not be detained by any of these causes, and shall not come before the king of England on the day appointed, then the king, whose envoys they are, is to lose the castles abovenamed, and this is to be done in good faith and without evil intent. And if by accident, which God forbid, the king

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