Art. 7. Each party to employ such attorneys as they please, .

page 140

8. Vessels not to be detained for public or private use-nothing extorted by force
9. Both parties to manage their own concerns in the territories of the other.
10. Free trade to the ports of an enemy, merchant vessels to exhibit sea-letters-vessels
not having contraband allowed to pass; when under convoy. . .
11. "In case of contraband hatches not to be broken at sea, but in ports only-due process
of law, before sale of contraband--neither the ship, nor the free goods to be affect-
ed thereby-captors to be condemned in costs when no contraband is found-free
ships make free goods, and persons, except those actually in the service of an
enemy, shall not be molested

ib

142

ib

.. 142

12. Goods liable to confiscation, unless shipped before a declaration of war, or 6 months
thereafter proviso, in case of contraband
144
13. Vessels of war, or privateers, not to do injury to either party,if they do, to be punish'd 146
14. Privateer captains to give sufficient bonds for misconduct
15. Goods rescued from pirates to be restored to the real owners
16. In case of shipwreck, friendly aid shall be afforded and property restored, if claimed
within one year and a day

148

17. The vessels of either party, if driven by stress of weather into the ports of the
other, to be treated with humanity.

18. Nine months allowed, in case of war, to either party, to dispose of their effects.
19. The citizens or subjects of neither party to take commissions, or letters of marque,
from a state with whom the other may be at war.

20. The vessels of either party entering the ports of the other, and unwilling to break
bulk, permitted to depart without paying duty.

21. Each party to allow consuls from the others to reside in its ports.
22. This treaty not to derogate from the 9th, 10th, 17th, and 22d articles of the treaty
with France, of the 6th February, 1778 .

23. The United Netherlands, by means of their consuls, to aid the United States in form-
ing treaties with the Barbary powers.

24. Contraband specified-discrimination with respect to goods not contraband
25. Sea-letter regulation-regulations for the papers of merchant ships
26. Armed vessels visiting a merchantman to remain out of cannon shot
27. Commanders of U. S. vessels may engage American seamen in ports of Holland-
and commanders of Dutch vessels the same in ports of the United States
28. The refraction [with respect to tobacco] to be regulated in case of complaint
Form of the passport required by art. 25, of the preceding treaty,
Form of the certificate required by art. 25, see page 154

2. Convention concerning vessels recaptured, of the 8th of October, 1782; nego-
tiated at the Hague, by John Adams, on the part of the United States, and
George Van Randwyck, B. V. D. Santheuvel, P. V. Bleiswik, W. C. H.
Van Lynden, D. I. Van Heeckeren, Joan Van Kuffeler, F. G. Van Dedem,
and H. Tjassens, on the part of the Netherlands. Ratified by congress on
the 23d of January, 1783.
. . . 162
1. Recaptured vessels not having been 24 hours in possession of an enemy of either party,
to be restored, on payment of one third salvage to privateers,
2. Recaptured vessels more than twenty-four hours in the possession of an enemy to be
entire prizes to privateersmen

& Vessels of either party recaptured by public vessels of the other, to be restored, on
payment of a 30th part, if 24 hours in possession; if longer a tenth part,

4. Restitution of recaptured vessels, to be made in a reasonable time, on giving surety
5. Vessels of war and privateers, to be admitted, with their prizes into the ports of both
nations, if not inconsistent with the 22d art. of the treaty of commerce,
3. Each nation may make regulations respecting captures by privateers.

164
166

OTTOMAN PORTE.

Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between the U. States and the Ottoman Porte. 521
Turkish merchants in U. States ports to pay same duties as the most favored nations 521
American merchants in Turkish ports to pay same duties as the most favored nations.

522

Consuls may be established in the ports of each nation. Brokers of any religion
may be employed. Rules of visit. Litigations and disputes to be decided accord.
ing to equality and justice. Americans not to take the flag of any other power;
nor are their ministers to protect the rayahs.
Reciprocal friendship between the vessels of each. The passage of the Dardanelles and
to the Black Sea open to American merchant vessels. Vessels shall not be for-
cibly taken. Mutual aid in case of wreck
PRUSSIA.

. . 523

1. Of Amity and commerce. This treaty bears no special date, but was signed by
the negotiators as follows: by B. Franklin, at Passy, on the 9th July, 1785;
by Thomas Jefferson, at Paris, on the 28th of July, 1785; by John Adams, at
London, on the 5th of August, 1785; and F. G. de Thulemier, at the Hague,
on the 10th September, 1785. By the 27th article it was limited to ten years,
and expired in 1796: it was supplied by No. 2. Ratified by congress on the
17th May, 1786

•

Art. 1. Firm, inviolable, and universal peace and friendship.

2. The subjects of Prussia may frequent the coast and countries of the United States; may
reside and trade there; and allowed to enjoy all the rights and privileges of com-
merce granted to the most favored nations. .

334

354

334

3. American citizens may freely trade to the Prussian dominions may reside there; and
are entitled to all the privileges of commerce and navigation granted to the most
favored nations 356. 4. Each party to have a right to carry their own produce,
&c. in their own or other vessels, to the dominions of the other; etc.-Each party
may retaliate on nations restraining the tranportation of merchandise to vessels of
the country of which it is the growth-Subjects or citizens of either party not to im-
port or export prohibited merchandise, unless that privilege isallowed to other nations 336
5. The loading or unloading of vessels of each party, not to be constrained or impeded,
in the ports of the other..

$36
6. All lawful examination of goods for exportation, to be made before they are put on
board, and no search of vessels except in case of fraud 338.
7. Each party to
endeavor to protect the vessels and effects of the other, within their respective
jurisdictions, by sea or land, etc.

8.

Vessels of either party, coming on the coasts or entering the ports of the other and
not willing to break bulk, to be allowed freely to depart, etc. 338. 9. In cases

of shipwreck of the vessels of either party within the dominions of the other, friend-
ly assistance to be given to persons, to effects, etc.—The right to wrecks, abolish-
ed between the parties 338. 10. The citizens or subjects of each party may
dispose of their personal estate, by will or otherwise, and inherit, in the dominions
of the other, etc.—Where no one appears to claim inheritance, to be held in the
custody of the law of the land-Citizens or subjects of each pai ty, allowed a reason-
able time to sell lands, etc. in the dominions of the other, which they cannot hold
without naturalization-This article not to derogate from the laws of Prussia con-
cerning emigration

333

• 340
11. Liberty of conscience secured-Citizens or subjects of either party, dying in the do-
minions of the other, to be decently buried 540. 12. Free trade allowed with
an enemy-Free ships to make free goods-Free ships to protect persons except
soldiers in the actual service of an enemy 342. 13. No goods to be deemed
contraband, so as to justify confiscation-But vessels carrying contraband goods
may be detained, on payment of loss sustained by the delay-Military stores detain-

ed, may be used by the captors, on paying the full value of them-If the master of
a vessel, stopped for having on board goods held to be contraband, offers to deliver
them up, she may proceed on her voyage.

. . 342

Art. 14. One of the parties being at war, and the other at peace, the neutral party to be fur-
nished with sea letters or passports, which are to be exhibited as well at sea as in
port-Vessels of the neutral party, being under convoy, are not to be molested $44
15. Armed vessels of either party visiting merchant ships of the other, to remain out of
cannon shot-All persons belonging to public and private armed vessels, to be an-
swerable for injuries done to the effects, etc. of either party

16. Citizens or subjects of each party, their vessels, etc. not to be detained by embargo,
or otherwise-Recovery of debts, &c. to be prosecuted according to law........
17. Vessels, &c. of either party, taken by an enemy or a pirate, and recaptured by the
other, to be restored on proof $44. 18.
Vessels of either party, driven by
stress of weather, &c into the ports of the other, to be protected, and the persons
on board treated humanely $46. 19. Vessels of war of each party may freely
enter and depart from the ports of the other with their prizes; except captures
made from the subjects of the king of France. See treaty with his most christian
majesty, art. 17, page 46.........

........

344

344

346

20. Citizens of one party not to take commissions, or letters of marque, from a third pow-
er, to act against the other-Neither to furnish military or naval succor to a third
power, to aid against the other 346. 21. Regulations to be observed in case of
war against a common enemy. 1. Vessels of one party, recaptured from the
enemy of the other, by a private armed vessel, within 24 hours after being taken,
to be restored on payment of one third of the value of the vessel-In case the re
capture should be by a public vessel of either party within 24 hours after capture,
restoration to be made-Proof and surety required before restitution-The legali-
ty of prizes to be determined according to the laws of each party, respectively 348
22. In case of a common enemy or both being neutral, the vessels of war of each party
to afford convoy 348. 23. In case of war, nine months allowed to merchants
of each nation to settle affairs-Women, children, cultivators, &c. not to be molest-
ed in case of war-Private property to be protected by the armed force of the other
party during hostilities-Merchant vessels allowed to pass free-No commissions
to be given to interrupt trading vessels.......

.... 348

24. Prisoners of war not to be sent into inclement countries, nor crowded into noxious
places, neither party will send them to Asia or Africa, nor confine them in dun-
geons, nor put them in irons, &c. officers to be enlarged on parole, and together
with the privates, to be otherwise well provided for-Expense of supporting prison-
ers of war to be defrayed by each party respectively--Commissaries of prisoners
allowed on each side--Commissaries may visit prisoners and distribute comforts,&c.
-Prisoners violating parole, or escaping to forfeit future indulgence in relation to
enlargement-The pretence that war dissolves all treaties, &c. not to affect this
and the preceding articles; viz. (the 23d and 24th)

25.

350

Each party may have consuls, etc. in the ports of the other-Consuls not to have
peculiar privileges in commerce 352 26. Favors granted to any other nation,
in navigation or commerce, by one party, shall become common to the other, on the
same conditions 352. 27. This treaty to endure for ten years from the year 1786. 354
2. Of amity and commerce, of the 11th of July, 1799; negotiated at Berlin, by
John Quincy Adams, on the part of the United States, and Charles William
count of Finckenstein, Philip Charles of Alvensleben, and Christian Henry
Curce, on the part of Prussia. Ratifications exchanged at Berlin, on the 22d
of June, 1800. By the 27th article, it was limited to ten years, and expired
on the 22d of June, 1810...

360
Art. 1. Firm, inviolable, and universal peace, and sincere friendship 520. 2. The
subjects of Prussia may frequent, and trade on the coasts of the United States 360

Art. 3. American citizens may trade to the Prussian dominions; reside there, &c. page...
4. Each party to carry their own produce to the dominions of the other-Each party may
retaliate on nations restraining the transportation of merchandise to vessels of the
country of which it is the growth—Subjects or citizens of either party, not to im-
port or export prohibited merchandise, &c. 336. 5. The loading or unload-
ing vessels not to be constrained or impeded, &c.

7.

8.

....

....

358

..... 336

.... ... ....

360

360

6. All lawful examination of goods for exportation to be made before put on board.... 560
Each party to endeavor to protect the vessels and effects of the other, etc.......... 360
Vessels of either party, coming on the coasts or entering the ports of the other, and
and not willing to break bulk, to be allowed freely to depart, etc. 360 9. In
cases of ship-wreck of the vessels of either party within the dominions of the other,
friendly assistance to be given to persons, effects, etc.
The right to wrecks abolished between the parties....
10. The citizens or subjects of each party may dispose of their personal estate, by will
or otherwise, and inherit, in the dominions of the other, etc.-Where no one ap-
pears to claim inheritance, to be held in the custody of the law of the land-Citizens
or subjects of each party, allowed a reasonable time to sell lands, etc. in the domin-
ions of the other, which they cannot hold without naturalization-This article not
to derogate from the laws of Prussia concerning emigration 362. 11. Liberty
of conscience secured, etc.-Citizens or subjects of either party, dying in the
dominions of the other, to be decently buried, etc.......
12. The principle adopted in the treaty of 1785, relative to free ships making tree goods,
declared not to have been sufficiently respeeted by belligerents.-The parties de-
termined to concert measures for the security of neutral navigation.—In the mean
time, one of the parties being war,is to conduct itself towards the other being neutral,
according to the law of nations 364. 13. No goods to be deemed contraband,
so as to justify confiscation-But vessels carrying contraband goods may be detained
on payment of loss sustained by the delay.―Military stores, detained, may be used
by the captors, on paying the full value of them-If the master of a vessel, stopped
for having on board goods held to be contraband, offers to deliver them up, she
may proceed on her voyage...

... 362

......

......

$64
14. Vessels of each party, in time of war, to be characterized by partieular documents. 366
First. A passport to be exhibited when required-Vessels of either party under convoy to
be permitted to pass, on the word of the commanding officer. Secondly, A
charter party.

Thirdly, A list of the ship's company-These documents not
indispensable for three months after the information of the declaration of war, etc. 366
15. Armed vessels visiting a merchantman to remain out of the reach of cannon shot, etc.
Commanders of armed vessels to give bond 368. 16. Vessels of each party,
subject to general embargo, on the footing of the most favored nations-Exemption
stipulated in the 16th article of the treaty of 1785, annulled-Indemnity stipulated
for vessels obtained for public uses-Arrests of the citizens or subjects of one party
within the jurisdiction of the other to take place according to law only .....
17. Vessels, etc. of either party, taken by an enemy or a pirate, and recaptured by the
other, to be returned on proof 368. 18. Vessels of either party, driven by
stress of weather, etc. into the ports of the other, to be protected, and the persons
on board treated humanely, etc.
. 363

19. Vessels of war of each party may freely enter and depart from the ports of the other
with their prizes-See article 24, page 350. Vessels that have made a prize on
British subjects, not entitled to shelter in the United States 370. 20. Citizens
of one party not to take commissions or letters of marque, from a 3d power, to act
against the other. Neither to furnish military or naval succor to a third power,
to aid against the other. Regulations to be observed in case of war against a com-
mon enemy. Vessels of one party, recaptured from the enemy of the other, before

368

. . 370

being carried into port, to be restored, on payment of one-eighth part of vessel and
cargo to a public vessel, one-sixth to a privateer-Proof and surety required before
restitution, page
Art. 21. The legality of prizes to be determined according to the laws of each party,respectively.
Each party at liberty to make regulations concerning prizes carried into the ports
of the other 372. 22. In case of a common enemy or both being neutral, the
vessels of war of each party to afford convoy 372. 23. In case of war, nine
months allowed to merchants of each nation to settle affairs-Women, children, cul-
tivators, etc. not to be molested in case of war by the armed force of the party into
whose power they may fall, etc. 372. 24. Prisoners of war not to be sent into
inclement countries, nor crowded into noxious places
Expence of supporting prisoners of war to be defrayed by each party respectively-
Commissaries of prisoners allowed on each side-Commissaries may visit prisoners
and dispense comforts, &c.-Prisoners violating parole, or escaping, to forfeit
future indulgence in relation to enlargement, &c.-The pretence, that war dis-
solves all treaties, etc., not to effect this and the preceding articles, viz.-
the 23d & 24th.
25. Each party may have cousuls, etc. in the ports of the other-Consuls not to have
peculiar privileges in commerce 376. 26. Favors granted to any other nation,
in navigation or commerce, by one party, shall become common to the other, on
the same conditions. 376. 27.
This treaty to endure for ten years from the
year 1799-Ratifications to be exchanged within a year.
3. Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between the United States of America,
and his Majesty the King of Prussia. May 1, 1828.

Object. Freedom of navigation & perfect reciprocity. Negotiators. Reciprocal lib-
erty of commerce and residence

$72

$74

376

378

378

Art. 3 All articles of commerce to be subject to the same duties, in vessels of either nation.
4. The above provision further explained. 5. Produce put on the most favored footing 380
6. Vessels of both parties put on the same footing, as to exportation. 7. Coastwise nav-
igation excepted. 8. Neither party to give any advantage whatever to goods, on
account of the importing bottom. Prospective provision for maintaining the most
favored footing

382

384

10. Consuls, &c. Consuls exercising commerce. Jurisdiction of consuls, &c. 11. Con-
suls, etc., may require the aid of local authorities, etc
12. Certain stipulations in former treaties revised. Security of neutral navigation to be
the subject of a future treaty. 13. Vessels entering blockaded ports, etc 14.
The citizens or subjects of each party may dispose of their personal estate, by
will or otherwise, and inherit, in the dominions of the other, etc
Where no one appears to claim inheritance, to be held in the custody of the law of the
land. Citizens or subjects of each party, allowed a reasonable time to sell lands
&c. in the dominions of the other, which they cannot hold without naturalization.
This article not to derogate from the laws of Prussia concerning emigration. 288
15. This treaty is to remain in force twelve years.

RUSSIA.

Treaty of commerce and navigation wtth_Russia, negotiated at St. Petersburg, on
the part of the United States, by James Buchanan, and by Sieur Charles
Robert Count de Nesselrode, on the part of Russia. Signed at St. Peters-
burg, on the [6] 16th. of December, 1832,
Proclamation of the President of the United States,
Art. 1. Reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation,

footing as national vessels,
duties or charges mutual,.

386

2. Tonnage duties on the same
3. Importation of merchandise reciprocal; same