not.

Some derive it from the Latin ter magnus, felix ter et amplius; but Junius thinks it compounded of the Anglo-Saxon typ the fuperlative or third degree of comparison, and mága potens: thus the Saxon word eadeg happy, typ-eadeg moft happy.-In Chaucer's rime of fire thopas, termagant appears to have been the name of a deity. The giant, fire Oliphaunt, fwears by Termigaunt, line 13741. Bale, defcibing the threats ufed by fome papift magiftrates to his wife, fpeaks of them as "grennyng upon her lyke termagaunts in a playe." And Hamlet in Shakespeare (act iii. fc. 3.) "I could have fuch a fellow whipt for oredoing Termagant, it out Herod's Herod." The French romances corrupted the word into tervagaunt, and from them La Fontaine took it up, and has ufed it more than once in his tales. Mr. Tyrrwhit informs us that this Saracen deity, in an old MS. romance in the Bodleian library, is conftantly called Tervagan.

Bishop Warburton very juftly obferves, that this passage is a fine fatire on the Italian epic poets, Ariofto, Taffo, and others; who have introduced their female warriours, and are followed in this abfurdity by Spenfer and Davenant.-Bishop Hurd likewife, in his ingenious and elegant letters on chivalry, p. 12, fays: "one of the ftrangest circumstances (in old romance) is that of the women warriors. Butler, who faw it in this light, ridicules it, as a moft unnatural idea, with great spirit. Yet, in thefe reprefentations they did but copy from the manners of the times. Anna Comnena tells us, that the wife of Robert the Norman fought, fide by fide, with her husband in his battles.'

In the note on part 2, canto 1, 1. 61, the editor explains the derivation of our word mail:

• —About her neck a pacquet-male

This is a good trait in the character of Fame: laden with reports, as a poftboy with letters in his male. The word male is derived from the Greek or ovis, nawrn pellis ovina, because made of leather, frequently sheep-fkin: hence the French word maille, now written in English, mail.'

Part 3, canto 2, 1. 1242, ob and foller, but poorly elucidated by Dr. Grey, is well explained by Dr. Nash;

-Altho' but paltry Ob and Sollers

That is, although only contemptible dabblers in fchool logic. So in Burton's Melancholy, A pack of Obs and Sollers.' The polemic divines of that age and ftamp, filled the margins both of their tracts and fermons with the words Ob and Sol; the one standing for objection, the other for folution.- Bishop Sanderson, in his Concio ad Aulam, fays The devil is an arrand fophifter, and will not take an anfwer, though never fo reasonable and fatisfactory, but will ever have fomewhat or other to reply. So long as we hold us but to Ob and Sol, to argument and anfwer, he will never out, but wrangle ad infinitum.' So we fay, pro and con.-The old annotator's note on this paffage is fo erroneous, as to fhew plainly that he could not be Butler.'

Sometimes the annotations are enlivened by little anecdotes or pieces of history. Dr. N. records the following

of

of Mr. Pope's man of Rofs, in the note to part 2. canto 2.

1. 322.

as thofe that carve

Invoking cuckolds' names, hit joints →

Our ancestors, when they found it difficult to carve a goofe, hare, or other dish, used to fay in jeft, they should hit the joint if they could think of the name of a cuckold.-Mr. Kyrle, the man of Rois, celebrated by Pope, had always company to dine with him on a market day, and a goofe, if it could be procured, was one of the difhes; which he claimed the priviledge of carving himself. When any guest, ignorant of the etiquette of the table, offered to fave him that trouble, he would exclaim, "Hold your hand, man, if I am good for any thing, it is for hitting cuckolds' joints."

In general, the notes of Dr. Gray are judiciously abridged by the prefent editor:-in a multitude of inftances, his omiffions are happily fupplied; and, in fome places, his errors are corrected. Though fo much has been done, however, to render this work an acceptable prefent to the lovers of Hudibras, the name of the editor does not occur in either of the title pages, nor at the end of the preface. It is only in the notes that he discovers himself, by giving a brief account of his ancestors, and for which he modeftly offers an apology: we refer the curious reader to vol. iii. p. 302.

The embellishments of this edition confift in head and tail pieces to each canto; fome plates from original defigns, particularly one from a picture by Dobfon, called Oliver Cromwell's guard-room; a portrait of the author, and one of the editor,without a name underwritten ;-and two vignettes of Butler's tenement and Dr. N.'s manfion.

On the whole, whatever little errors may be found in this work, it unquestionably does credit to the tafte, learning, and judgment of the editor. Whether we confider Hudibras, with Dr.Grey, as "an infallible cure for enthusiasm and hypocrify,' or, with Dr. Nafh, as containing every ingredient of wit and humour,'-we are happy in feeing the work thus honoured; and we must deem the labour bestowed on its elucidation entitled to literary and general applause.

ART. XI. The Life of John Hunter. By Jeffé Foot, Surgeon. 8vo. pp. 287. 5s. 6d. Boards. Becket. 1794.

IT

was not to be expected that a character fo extraordinary as that of the late Mr. John Hunter could either pass through the world, or leave it, without meeting with critics and cenfurers. Poffeffing as great a turn for fingularity in opinion as for the difcovery of truth,-confident, full of claims for himfelf and negligent of thofe of others,-eager in the pursuit of diftinctions

diftinctions and advantages of every kind, and jealous of competitors,-deftitute of thofe accomplishments which adorn ufeful talents, and of thofe amiable qualities which foften fuperiority, he was certainly better calculated to excite the admiration of the public, than the regard of his profeffional brethren.

The intelligent writer before us was not deterred by Mr. Hunter's fame from making, during that gentleman's life-time, a fevere attack on one of his moft confiderable performances *; and he now, as he fays, "fine ira & ftudio," offers to the public a general critique on the character and works of this celebrated anatomist.

Mr. F. pafies over (poffibly from the want of the necessary information,) the earlier part of Mr. H.'s life, which he spent in the practice of a mechanical trade, in his native country +, and takes him up from the time of his coming to London as an afHere he gives fiftant in the anatomical school of his brother. an account of the difpute between the Hunters and Monros concerning the difcovery of the lymphatic fyftem; which is fucceeded by the contest between the Hunters and Mr. Pott refpecting the hernia congenita. The whole of this matter conftitutes the first part of the work. The fecond part commences at Mr. Hunter's entrance into the army, in 1761, and proceeds. to the year 1770. It is fufficiently brief, but contains a catalogue of all Mr. H.'s publications; which we fhall copy, for the information of our readers:

Papers in the Philofophical Tranfactions.

June 18, 1772. On the Digeftion of the Stomach after Death.

vol. page,

62 447

March 17, 1774. On the Gillaroo Trout.
May 11, 1775. On the Gymnotus.

July 1, 1773. Obfervations on the Torpedo.
February 27, 1774. Of certain Receptacles of Air in
Birds.

63 481

64 205

64 310

65 395

June 24, 1775. Experiments on Animals and Vegetables, with refpect to their Power of producing Heat. March 21, 1776. Propofals for the Recovery of People apparently drowned.

June 19, 1777. Of the Heat of Animals and Vegetables.

February 25, 1779.

Account of the Free Martin.
January 17, 1780. Account of a Woman who had the
Small Pox during Pregnancy.

*See Mr. Foot's remarks on Hunter on the Ven. Disease, M. R. vols. lxxv, lxxvi, and lxxvii.

+ Scotland. Mr. F. fays he was bred a wheelwright or a carpenter.

65 446

66 412

68 7

69 279

70 128

June

June 1, 1780.

November 14, 1782. Account of the Organ of Hear

vol. page.

Account of an extraordinary Pheasant.

70 527

ing in Fishes.

March 7, 1785.

Anatomical Remarks on a new Ma

rine Animal.

75 333

77 233

March 22, 1787. An Experiment to determine the Effect of extirpating one Ovarium upon the Number of young produced.

April 26, 1787. Obfervations tending to fhew that the Wolf, Jackall, and Dog, are of the fame Species."

June 28, 1787. Obfervations on the Structure and Oeconomy of Whales.

April 30, 1789. Supplementary Letter on the Identity of the Species of the Dog, Wolf, and Jackall. Obfervations on Bees.

February 23, 1792.

Six Krohnian Lectures on Mufcular Motion, from 1776

⚫ Observations on the glands fituated between the rectum and bladder, called Veficulæ Seminales.

Animal Occonomy.

Of the Structure of the Placenta.

idem.

Some Obfervations on Digestion.

idem.

On a Secretion in the Crop of breeding Pigeons for the

Nourishment of their Young.

idem.

On the Colour of the Pigmentum of the Eye in different

Animals.

idem.

The Use of the Oblique Muscles.

idem.

A Description of the Nerves which fupply the Organ of

1. The Natural History of the Teeth, in two Parts, containing 258 Pages, 4to. with Plates. Price 11. 1s.

1778.

2. A Treatife on the Venereal Difcafe, containing 398 Pages, 4to. with Plates. Price 11. 1s. 1786.

3. Obfervations on the Inflammation of the Internal Coats of Veins. A Paper published in a Volume of Tranfactions for the Improvement of Medical and Chirurgical Knowledge. 1793.'

In the 3d part, Mr. F. gives explanatory remarks on all the publications above mentioned. In thefe will be found various fhrewd and juft obfervations, but for the most part tinctured with an unfriendly difpofition toward the author, in consequence of which fome injury may poffibly be done to his real merits.

Part 4th gives the feries of transactions from 1770 to the clofe of Mr. H.'s life; with an account of the progress and arrangement of his Museum. Moft of the anecdotes related of him are of the unpleafing kind, and, if not to be counterbalanced by facts of a different nature, would fix on him the imputation of great vanity, oftentation, and felfishness. The

account of the Mufeum is curious, and fufficiently candid to give a high idea as well of the fpirit and induftry, as of the original genius and extenfive views, of the collector. From the conclufion of this part we fhall make a quotation, in which a pretty exact portrait of the manners and figure of the man feems to be given:

I believe John Hunter to have been one of the most induftrious of men. The way in which his time was devoted,-before he obtained the public appointments, was, as follows:-He rofe very early in the morning, and went immediately into the diffecting room, -where he fometimes diffected, and gave directions concerning, what he would have done, in the courfe of the day. After breakfast, he attended to those patients who came to his houfe. At eleven he went abroad; and was employed in viûting patients,-attending at the hofpital, and when the occafion called for it, in opening dead bodies. He eat very hearty at his dinner,-and rarely drank more than a glafs of wine, and fometimes not that. In the evening, he was engaged in reading his lectures, and writing down obfervations, which he had made through the day,-or preparing for the next coming publication. He feldom retired to reit till twelve, or one o'clock.

His perfon was about the middle flature: he was rather robuft, but not corpulent: his shoulders were broad and high, and his neck remarkably fhort: by the exertions-which he conftantly made, after the manner of fomething like a cough,he feemed as if he folicited, to fet the circulation of blood a going. His features were hard,cheeks high, eyes fmall and light, eye lashes yellow, and the bony arch protruded. His mouth was fomewhat underhung. He wore his hair curled behind. His drefs was plain, and none of the neateft. He was frequently feen to fmile in converfation-but it was generally provoked from a ridiculous, or a fatirical motive.'

Although we have met with information and amufement from the prefent performance, we cannot confcientiously recommend it as a complete model of biography. The ftyle is occasionally inflated, obfcure, and not always accurate: particularly when fomething more than fimple narrative is intended.

ART. XII. Britif India analyzed. The Provincial and Revenue Etablishments of Tippoo Sultaun and of Mahomedan 'and British Conquerors in Hindoltan, flated and confidered. In Three Parts. 8vo. 3 Vols. 18s. Boards. Jeffery. 1793.

OF F the multitudincus publications which have lately appeared on the fubject of Hindoftan, this compilation is one of the most important. No lefs comprehenfive in its outline than accurate in its detail, it will enable even the uninformed reader to acquire a confiderable knowlege of the statistical fituation of Hindoftan. There is, however, a want of arrangement in its parts, which may occasion our account of it to appear fomewhat defultory.