Human Impacts on Weather and ClimateCambridge University Press, 28 abr 1995 - 288 páginas As the world's population rises, there is increasing evidence that human activities are having a significant impact on the weather and climate, from a local to global scale. Human Impacts on Weather and Climate is a non-mathematical presentation of the basic physical concepts of how human activity may affect weather and climate. This book assesses the current hypotheses, and examines whether the impacts are measurable. Included are: critical evaluations of the scientific status of weather modification by cloud seeding; human impacts on regional weather and climate; and human impacts on global climate, including the greenhouse gas hypothesis. Discussions also focus on the modern philosophy of science and its application to determining human impacts on weather and climate. Human Impacts on Weather and Climate will be invaluable for upper-division undergraduate and graduate courses in meteorology, geophysics, and earth and atmospheric science, as well as for policymakers and readers with an interest in how humans are affecting the atmosphere. An extensive reference list is included. |
Índice
The Rise of the Science of Weather Modification by Cloud Seeding | 5 |
11 Project Cirrus | 6 |
The Glory Years of Weather Modification | 9 |
22 The Static Mode of Cloud Seeding | 10 |
23 The Dynamic Mode of Cloud Seeding | 18 |
24 Modification of Warm Clouds | 26 |
25 Hail Suppression | 32 |
26 Modification of Tropical Cyclones | 52 |
Fundamental Principles Important to Understanding Global Climate Change | 115 |
82 Modeling Global Change and the Scientific Method | 125 |
Climatic Effects of Anthropogenic Aerosol | 132 |
93 Aerosol Impacts on Clouds The Twomey Effect | 136 |
Nuclear Winter | 143 |
102 The Nuclear Winter Hypothesis Its Scientific Basis | 145 |
103 Summary of the Status of the Nuclear Winter Hypothesis | 159 |
The Greenhouse Gas Theory | 160 |
The Fall of the Science of Weather Modification by Cloud Seeding | 56 |
Human Impacts On Regional Weather and Climate | 61 |
Anthropogenic Emissions of Aerosols and Gases | 63 |
42 Aircraft Contrails | 67 |
43 Ice Nuclei and Precipitation | 70 |
44 Other Pollution Effects | 71 |
UrbanInduced Changes in Precipitation and Weather | 73 |
52 Urban Increases in CCN and IN Concentrations and Spectra | 74 |
53 The Glaciation Mechanism | 75 |
54 Impact of Urban Landuse on Precipitation and Weather | 76 |
Other Landuse Changes | 85 |
62 Influence of Irrigation | 96 |
63 Desertification | 99 |
64 Creation of ManMade Lakes | 102 |
66 Summary and Conclusions | 105 |
Concluding Remarks Regarding Human Impacts on Regional Weather and Climate | 111 |
Human Impacts on Global Climate | 113 |
112 Basic Concepts and Greenhouse Gas Concentrations | 161 |
113 The Role of Feedback Processes | 169 |
114 Equilibrium Climatic Change Estimates | 183 |
115 Transient Climatic Responses | 185 |
116 Regional Responses | 188 |
117 Assessing Cause and Effect | 193 |
118 Status of the Greenhouse Hypothesis | 200 |
Human Impacts on Biosphere Forcing of Climatic Variability | 203 |
122 AtmosphericVegetation Interactions | 212 |
Epilogue | 217 |
E2 The Dangers of Overselling | 218 |
E3 The Capricious Administration of Science and Technology | 219 |
E4 Scientific Credibility and Advocacy | 220 |
E5 Should Society Wait for Hard Scientific Evidence? | 221 |
233 | |
Otras ediciones - Ver todo
Human Impacts on Weather and Climate William R. Cotton,Roger A. Pielke, Sr No hay ninguna vista previa disponible - 2007 |
Human Impacts on Weather and Climate William R. Cotton,Roger A. Pielke No hay ninguna vista previa disponible - 2007 |
Human Impacts on Weather and Climate William R. Cotton,Roger A. Pielke, Sr No hay ninguna vista previa disponible - 2007 |
Términos y frases comunes
absorption aerosol aerosol particles amount anomalies anthropogenic Atmos atmosphere average boundary layer carbon dioxide cause circulations climate change climate models cloud droplets cloud feedbacks cloud seeding CO2 concentrations CO2 emissions convective cooling cumulus clouds downwind drops earth effects energy enhanced estimates feedback Figure forest GCMs Geophys glaciation global climate graupel greenhouse gases greenhouse warming growth hail suppression heat flux hygroscopic hypothesis ice crystals ice particle increase influence latent heat latitudes levels liquid water content mesoscale Meteor moisture natural variability northern hemisphere nuclear winter nuclei numerical observed ocean parameterization Pielke potential precipitation predicted processes produce R.A. Pielke radiative rain raindrops rainfall region response result scale Science scientific seeding experiments silver iodide simulated smoke soil solar radiation stratosphere supercell supercooled supercooled cloud surface albedo surface temperatures thunderstorm tion tropical cyclones troposphere updraft urban area variations vegetation vertical warm clouds water vapor weather and climate wind