Human Impacts on Weather and Climate

Portada
Cambridge University Press, 28 abr 1995 - 288 páginas
As the world's population rises, there is increasing evidence that human activities are having a significant impact on the weather and climate, from a local to global scale. Human Impacts on Weather and Climate is a non-mathematical presentation of the basic physical concepts of how human activity may affect weather and climate. This book assesses the current hypotheses, and examines whether the impacts are measurable. Included are: critical evaluations of the scientific status of weather modification by cloud seeding; human impacts on regional weather and climate; and human impacts on global climate, including the greenhouse gas hypothesis. Discussions also focus on the modern philosophy of science and its application to determining human impacts on weather and climate. Human Impacts on Weather and Climate will be invaluable for upper-division undergraduate and graduate courses in meteorology, geophysics, and earth and atmospheric science, as well as for policymakers and readers with an interest in how humans are affecting the atmosphere. An extensive reference list is included.
 

Índice

The Rise of the Science of Weather Modification by Cloud Seeding
5
11 Project Cirrus
6
The Glory Years of Weather Modification
9
22 The Static Mode of Cloud Seeding
10
23 The Dynamic Mode of Cloud Seeding
18
24 Modification of Warm Clouds
26
25 Hail Suppression
32
26 Modification of Tropical Cyclones
52
Fundamental Principles Important to Understanding Global Climate Change
115
82 Modeling Global Change and the Scientific Method
125
Climatic Effects of Anthropogenic Aerosol
132
93 Aerosol Impacts on Clouds The Twomey Effect
136
Nuclear Winter
143
102 The Nuclear Winter Hypothesis Its Scientific Basis
145
103 Summary of the Status of the Nuclear Winter Hypothesis
159
The Greenhouse Gas Theory
160

The Fall of the Science of Weather Modification by Cloud Seeding
56
Human Impacts On Regional Weather and Climate
61
Anthropogenic Emissions of Aerosols and Gases
63
42 Aircraft Contrails
67
43 Ice Nuclei and Precipitation
70
44 Other Pollution Effects
71
UrbanInduced Changes in Precipitation and Weather
73
52 Urban Increases in CCN and IN Concentrations and Spectra
74
53 The Glaciation Mechanism
75
54 Impact of Urban Landuse on Precipitation and Weather
76
Other Landuse Changes
85
62 Influence of Irrigation
96
63 Desertification
99
64 Creation of ManMade Lakes
102
66 Summary and Conclusions
105
Concluding Remarks Regarding Human Impacts on Regional Weather and Climate
111
Human Impacts on Global Climate
113
112 Basic Concepts and Greenhouse Gas Concentrations
161
113 The Role of Feedback Processes
169
114 Equilibrium Climatic Change Estimates
183
115 Transient Climatic Responses
185
116 Regional Responses
188
117 Assessing Cause and Effect
193
118 Status of the Greenhouse Hypothesis
200
Human Impacts on Biosphere Forcing of Climatic Variability
203
122 AtmosphericVegetation Interactions
212
Epilogue
217
E2 The Dangers of Overselling
218
E3 The Capricious Administration of Science and Technology
219
E4 Scientific Credibility and Advocacy
220
E5 Should Society Wait for Hard Scientific Evidence?
221
References
233
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