Needs, Opportunities and Strategies for a Long-term Oceanic Sciences Satellite Program, Número 185National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1981 - 72 páginas |
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Página xxi
... Equatorial Atlantic Experiment SOFAR Long - range ranging technique using the sound channel and underwater floats ; the exact derivation of the name SOFAR is obscure , but it can be inferred to have been derived from Sound , Far , and ...
... Equatorial Atlantic Experiment SOFAR Long - range ranging technique using the sound channel and underwater floats ; the exact derivation of the name SOFAR is obscure , but it can be inferred to have been derived from Sound , Far , and ...
Página 10
... Equatorial Atlantic experiment ( SEQUAL ) in the tropical Atlantic is indicative of the measurement program needed : moored cur- rent meters deployed for long periods of time to establish temporal and spatial current variability ...
... Equatorial Atlantic experiment ( SEQUAL ) in the tropical Atlantic is indicative of the measurement program needed : moored cur- rent meters deployed for long periods of time to establish temporal and spatial current variability ...
Página 11
... Equatorial Countercurrent ( Meyers , 1979 ) include calcula- tions of the Sverdrup transport of this current - a linear function of the wind - stress curl - that differ by a factor of two ; this is not a surprising matter in view of the ...
... Equatorial Countercurrent ( Meyers , 1979 ) include calcula- tions of the Sverdrup transport of this current - a linear function of the wind - stress curl - that differ by a factor of two ; this is not a surprising matter in view of the ...
Página 33
... equatorial and southern Pacific are directly related to winter climate patterns over North America . But this ocean area is not crossed by ships on a regular basis and to study the role of the ocean in this 333 APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE ...
... equatorial and southern Pacific are directly related to winter climate patterns over North America . But this ocean area is not crossed by ships on a regular basis and to study the role of the ocean in this 333 APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE ...
Página 34
... equatorial and southern Pacific Ocean heat absorption , its vertical mixing through the upper layer , its advection , and its transfer back to the atmosphere . First , we discuss what measurements are needed and then we show why and how ...
... equatorial and southern Pacific Ocean heat absorption , its vertical mixing through the upper layer , its advection , and its transfer back to the atmosphere . First , we discuss what measurements are needed and then we show why and how ...
Términos y frases comunes
accuracy applications areas Argos system Atlantic Atmospheric Research AVHRR biological calibration Center for Atmospheric chlorophyll cloud color scanner coverage data processing data relay data sets data stream DCLS direct observations discussed drifters dynamics eddy effort equatorial estimates field Figure flight frontal Global Weather Experiment gravity waves Gulf Stream heat budget heat flux high-resolution images important infrared instrument interaction internal waves large number large-scale layer measurements mesoscale models NASA NCAR needed Nimbus NOAA NOSS Science observing systems obtain ocean circulation ocean sciences ocean surface oceanographic ODUS Pacific patterns phytoplankton platforms possible problems radar altimeter radiation regions remote sensing satellite satellite data satellite observations satellite systems satellite techniques scales scatterometer Science Working Group sea-surface temperature Seasat sensors ships signal space spatial structures studies subsurface surface wind Sverdrup Sverdrup balance Tim Barnett tion TOPEX tropical variability velocity warm-core wave wind speed wind stress
Pasajes populares
Página vii - Thou glorious mirror, where the Almighty's form Glasses itself in tempests; in all time, Calm or convulsed, — in breeze, or gale, or storm, Icing the pole, or in the torrid clime Dark heaving; — boundless, endless, and sublime. The image of eternity, the throne Of the Invisible; even from out thy slime The monsters of the deep are made; each zone Obeys thee; thou goest forth, dread, fathomless, alone.
Página 1 - HC A99/MF A01 CSCL 08C Oceanic dynamics was traditionally investigated by sampling from instruments in situ, yielding quantitative measurements that are intermittent in both space and time; the ocean is undersampled. The need to obtain proper sampling of the averaged quantities treated in analytical and numerical models is at present the most significant limitation on advances in physical oceanography. Within the past decade, many electromagnetic techniques for the study of the Earth and planets...
Página 1 - Avail: NTIS HC A99/MF A01 CSCL 08C Oceanic dynamics was traditionally investigated by sampling from instruments in situ, yielding quantitative measurements that are intermittent in both space and time; the ocean is undersampled. The need to obtain proper sampling of the averaged quantities treated in analytical and numerical models is at present the most significant limitation on advances in physical oceanography. Within the past decade, many electromagnetic techniques for the study of the Earth...
Página v - Administration (NASA), together with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Department of Defense (DoD), planned for the first operational demonstration of a spaceborne ocean observing system, the National Oceanic Satellite System (NOSS).
Página 2 - ... exploited in future programs of ocean sciences research. Such exploitation requires a developing synergism between specific space-based techniques and missions, on the one hand, with research experiments on important oceanographic problems that benefit from those techniques, on the other. The uncertainties associated with inference from remote sensing, and the difficulties of reconstructing the overall picture from observations in situ imply that the acceptance of new information will come only...
Página 16 - The temperature of the sea surface is one of the important physical factors that determine the exchange of heat energy between the atmosphere and ocean...
Página 2 - Communication with sensors on fixed and drifting buoys, and the location of nonfixed systems through satellites make possible all sorts of composite subsurface measurement systems which would otherwise be quite impracticable. Remote sensors operating from the vantage point of space will never replace direct measurements and acoustic remote sensing, because the ocean is...
Página 2 - ... through repeat observations), so that it is attractive as a unique complement to information derived from direct observations. The orderly evolution of composite systems also needs long-range vision and stability of institutional arrangements which transcend the traditional boundaries of funding...
Página 2 - ... effort. To do otherwise would risk not extracting the full advantage of the very large investment in the satellite portion of the system. New observing tools can transform the basic perception of old problems, but only after their interpretation has been established, necessary corrections have been applied, and calibrations and error estimates are known. There are few applicable standards for "surface truth".
Página 10 - One might hope to initialize by running a model for a longer period of time with known winds and verifying the model against data collected during the period corresponding to the end of the model run.