TABLE XI. Showing the number of persons engaged in Agriculture, Commerce, and Manufactures, and also the number of foreigners not naturalized in each of the United States; together with the proportion which each class forms of the whole population. Persons engaged in Foreigners, uot Agriculture. Commerce. Manufactures. naturalized. Propor- Num-Propor- Num- Propor- Num Proporber. tion. ber. tion. States. Number. tion. ber. tion. Remarks. From this table it appears that 2,065,499 persons in the United States, or more than one fifth of the whole population, are engaged in agriculture. This number includes only those who are thus engaged by actual occupation, children, and females generally being excluded. It embraces, therefore, about two thirds of all the males over ten years of age.-The slave-holding states are most agricultural, the proportion being usually from one quarter to one third of the whole population, while in the other states it generally falls below 20 per cent. or one fifth. Massachusetts has much the largest number engaged in commerce; but Michigan territory has the largest proportion. This uncommon proportion in Michigan is owing to the number of persons in that territory engaged in the fur trade. Louisana has also an uncommon proportion; which is to be ascribed to the great number of merchants in the city of New-Orleans, where the commerce of a large portion of the western country is transacted. The sixth column includes not merely manufacturers, in the common sense of the term, but mechanics also, and artificers of every kind, whose labor is preeminently of the hand, and not upon the field. Rhode Island has a greater proportion of popu lation engaged in manufactures than any other state, and next in order are Massachusetts and Connecticut. Pennsylvania and New-Jersey also rank very high as manufacturing states. The District of Columbia shows a very large proportion of manufacturers, because it is composed almost wholly of cities. For the same reason it has scarcely any persons engaged in agriculture. The general result is, that only 421,644 persons, or 3.80 per cent. of the population, are engaged in commerce and manufactures; that is, those engaged in agriculture are nearly five times as numerous as the merchants, manufacturers and mechanics taken together. This result is very different from that of the census of England in 1811. That kingdom contained 10,488,000 inhabitants, of whom 1,789,531, or 17 per cent. were employed in trade, manufactures and handicraft, and only 1,524,227, or 14.5 per cent. in agriculture. Questions. 1. How large a proportion of the population of the United States is engaged in agriculture? 2. How large a proportion in commerce and manufactures? 3. Which states are most agricultural? 4. Which state has the smallest proportion of inhabitants engaged in agriculture? Which next? Which next? 5. Which state has the largest number of persons engaged in commerce? Which has the largest proportion? Which next? 6. Which state has the largest proportion of population engaged in manufactures? Which next? Which next? 7. Which state has the greatest number of foreigners not naturalized? Which next? 8. Which class of men are most numerous in Great Britain, those employed in agriculture, or those employed in trade, manufactures and handicraft? 9. Which are most numerous in this country? 10. How much more numerous are they? TABLE XII. Showing the population of the six largest cities in the United States in 1820; and distinguishing the number of whites, slaves and free blacks, together with the males and females in each class. Cities. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Total, TABLE XIII. Showing the proportion of the sexes in each of the six principal cities in the United States. city. *New York includes the city and county; Philadelphia, merely the From these tables it ap Remarks on Tables XII and XIII. pears that in all our great cities the females are more numerous than the males. In the city of New-Orleans, indeed, the white males are much more numerous than the white females, but the deficiency is more than compensated by the excess of females among the slaves and free blacks. This uniform excess of lemales is perhaps to be attributed to the fact that many of the males are engaged in occupations in which there is unusua! risk of life; many of them also are sailors, who are absent at the time of taking the census, and being without a fixed place of residence are omitted. In the city of Charleston other causes seem to have operated, because the excess of females is there, principally among the slaves; and this suggests the thought, that in the other cities the difference may be ascribed in part to an unusual demand for female domestic servants. But however we may ac count for it, the excess is very great. The average of all the cities gives nearly 109 females to 100 males, while the average of the whole United States, as appears from Table V. gives but 97 females to 100 males, making the females in our cities about 12 per cent. more numerous than in the country at large. ages TABLE XIV. Showing the of the free white persons in each of the six principal cities of the United States, in 1820. Boston, 5,289 2,416 3,564 7,345 1,500 5,3992,965 4,544 5,9732,569 N. York, 15,8987,066 11,017 14,8726,459 15,9838,335 13,120 13,7016,369 Philadel. 7,2473,305 5,921 6,3322,980 7,1554,160 7,215 7,0653,637 Baltimore, 6,9913,107 5,147 6,0972,580 6,8273,530 5,617 5,5202,639 Charleston 1,408 649 1,147 1,305 814 1,359 825 1,113 1,192 841 N.Orleans, 1,477 495 1,784 3,565 945 1,500 885 1,327 1,016 590 TABLE XV. Showing what proportions of the free white persons in each of the six principal cities of the United States are under ten years of age, between 10 and 16, &c. distinguishing the males from the females. Boston, 12.74 5.82 8.5817.70 3.61 13.00 7.1410.95 14.40 6.19 2 3 4 Remarks on Tables XIV and XV. From columns 9 and 10 it appears that the proportion of females between 16 and 45 is very large, being on an average, about 24 per cent. of the population, while in the country at large according to Table VI. it is only 19.30 per cent. At the same time the proportion 'of children under 10 years of age is very small, being on an average less than 28 per cent, while the average of the whole United States gives 33.29 per cent. From this it appears that the causes which operate to retard the increase of population exist to a much greater extent in our cities than elsewhere. If the number of children under 10 years of age is a fair criterion of the number of married females between 16 and 45, then, among the same number of women, there are twice as many married in the new states as in our large cities. It is a singular fact that in every one of the cities mentioned in the table, the females under 16 years of age are more numerous than the males, while in every state in the Union the fact is the reverse, and in the new states especially, the excess of males among the children is very great. From Table VII. it appears that in the newly settled states of Alabama, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri, taken collectively, there are, among the children under ten years of age, 76,067 boys and 70,038 girls; that is, for every 100 boys there are only 92 girls; while in the old states of New-Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode-Island, Connecticut and the District of Columbia there are 158,113 boys and 153,384 girls, that is, for every 100 boys there are 97 girls; and from Table XIV. it appears that in our six largest cities, taken collectively, there are, under ten years of age, 38,310 boys and 38,223 girls; that is, for every 100 boys there are nearly 100 girls. This seems to indicate, that the state of society which is most favorable to the increase of population, is peculiarly favorable to the increase of males; or perhaps, to be more particular, that the proportion of males among the offspring of early marriages is unusually great. If this is so, then the excess of females in the New-England states is not to be attributed wholly to the emigration of the males, and the very great excess of females in England is not wholly owing to the number of men who have perished in her wars. |