From the table it appears that the population of the United States has increased 32.9 per cent. between 1810 and 1820. At this rate it will double in about 25 years. The ratio of increase, however, seems to be gradually diminishing. Between 1790 and 1800 it was 35.1 per cent.; and between 1800 and 1810 only 34.6 per cent. Still, there is no reason to apprehend that it will be materially less during the next 30 years, than it has been hitherto. Very little of the increase is to be attributed to the immigration of foreigners. According to the best estimates the number of foreigners who have arrived in this country has not hitherto averaged more than 5,000 or 6,000 annually; while the natural increase of the population is nearly 300,000. In some years probably as many persons have emigrated from the United States to Canada as have arrived from Europe. The population of Upper Canada is composed principally of emigrants from the United States.

Questions. 1. Which state contained the greatest population in 1790? which, in 1800? which, in 1810? which, in 1820 ? 2. Which state increased most between 1790 and 1820? 3. Which, next? 4. Which, next? 5. Which, next? 6. Which states increased more than 100 per cent. between 1790 and 1800? 7. Which, between 1800 and 1810? 8. Which, between 1810 and 1820? 9. Which states increased less than ten per cent. between 1790 and 1800? 10. Which, between 1800 and 1810? 11. Which, between 1810 and 1820? 12. What was the population of the western states in 1790? 13. What, in 1820? 14. Did the population of the United States increase as fast between 1810 and 1820 as between 1790 and 1800? 15. Has the population of the United States been much increased by the immigration of foreigners?

TABLE III. Showing the rate of increase of the white and of the black population in each state, between the several national enumerations.

Remarks. From the above table it appears that, taking the whole United States together, the whites increase faster than the blacks. During the last 30 years the proportion has been as 147 to 133. But in the states in which the blacks are very numerous they have almost uniformly increased faster than the whites of those states. In Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee and Kentucky, for example, the blacks Guring the last 30 years, have increased much faster than the whites. In North Carolina and Tennessee they have increased more than as fast again. In South Carolina, during the last ten years, they have increased more than three times as fast, the proportion being as 28 to 8. In the northern states, on the other hand, the black population is almost stationary, and in Maine, New-Hampshire and Rhode Island, during the last ten years, has

actually diminished. The increase of the black population be-
tween 1810 and 1820 was considerably less than between 1800 and
1810. This appears to be owing in part to the prohibition of the
importation of slaves, which took effect on the 1st of Janu. 1808.

Questions. 1. Which increased fastest between 1790 and 1820,
the white or black population of the United States? 2. Which,
the fastest, the white or black population of Pennsylvania? of
Delaware? of Maryland? of Virginia? North Carolina? South
Carolina? Georgia? Tennessee? Kentucky? Maine? New-
Hampshire? Massachusetts? Rhode Island? Connecticut? New-
York? 3. How much faster did the blacks increase than the
whites between 1810 and 1820, in South Carolina? in North
Carolina? 4. When did the blacks increase fastest, between
1800 and 1810, or between 1810 and 1320? 5. To what cause is
the difference to be ascribed.

TABLE IV. Showing the number of whites and the number of blacks in the several states at each of the four national enumerations.

N. J.
Penn.

Dela.

Md.

Va.

169,954 194,325 226,868 257,409 424,099 586,278 786,804 1,017,094 46,308 49,852 55,361 55,282 12,786 208,649 221,998 235,117 260,222 111,079 442,117 518,674 551,534 603,008 305,493 288,204 337,864 376,410 419,200 105,547 S. C. 131,178 196,259 214,196 231,812 108,895 52,886 101,068 145,414 189,566 29,662

N. C.

85,451 42,176 34,311 73,382

125,222 145,429 147,128 365,920 423,088 462,042 140,339 179,090 219,629 149.336 200,919 258,497 60,423 107,019 151,439

14,185,

10,274

16,270

14,421

23,287 30,413 17,317

17,467

Geo.

23,024

42,450

33,272

Lou.

42,245 79,540

Remark. The black population includes slaves and free colored persons.

Questions. 1. Which state contained the greatest white population in 1790? which, in 1800? which, in 1810? which, in

1820? 2. Which state has the greatest black population? 3. Which, next? 4. Which, next? 5. Which states contain more than 50,000 blacks? 6. What is the amount of the black population of the United States?

TABLE V. Showing the proportion of the sexes in the free white population of each state, in 1790, 1800, 1810 and 1820; and in the slave and free colored population in 1820.

Remarks. Taking the whole black population together, the number of males was to the number of females in 1820, as 100 to 96.6. There is no essential difference, therefore, in the proportion of the sexes, between the white and black population. It is worthy of remark, in the above table, that the proportion of white females in 1820, was more than one per cent. greater than in 1810. The difference is doubtless to be ascribed to the number of soldiers who perished during the late war in battle and by disease. This number was at least 40,000, which is about

the difference to be accounted for. In the old countries of Europe, the number of females, after long wars, is sometimes 10 per cent. greater than that of the males. In Great Britain and Ireland, in 1811, there were for every 100 males 109.99 females.

It is also worthy of remark, that in the new states, the number of females is much less in proportion, than in the old states. The difference is satisfactorily accounted for by the fact that the emigrants to newly settled lands are generally young men, many of whom are without families. In Alabama, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Michigan Territory, and Arkansas Territory, in all of which the settlements are still in their infancy, the number of females in 1820, was but little more than 80 for every 100 males; while in New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut, all of which lost many of their inhabitants by emigration, the number of females was greater than that of the males. The excess of females in the NewEngland states, and particularly in Massachusetts, is also ascribed in part to the great number of meu engaged in a seafaring life, in which they are not only exposed to peculiar hazards, but are frequently without a fixed place of residence, and are absent at sea at the time of taking the census.

It is also worthy of remark, that in Louisiana and Michigan territory the number of white females is uncommonly small. This deficiency is compensated in Louisiana by a very unusual proportion of free colored females; and in Michigan territory perhaps by Indians and mestizoes, who do not appear in the cenThe proportion of free colored females in the District of Columbia is unusually large.

sus.

Questions.] 1. How many white females were there to every 100 white males in the United States in 1790? 2. How many, in 1800? 3. How many in 1810? 4. How many, in 1820? 5. What was the occasion of the increased proportion of females in 1820? 6. Is there any essential difference in the proportion of the sexes, between the white and black population? 7. In which states were the white females more numerous than the white males in 1820? 8. To what is the excess of females in these states to be ascribed? 9. In which states were there less than 90 white females to every 100 white males in 1820? 10. To what is the deficiency in the number of females in these states to be attributed?