JONES, MARTHA HELENA, milliner, High-st, Croydon; May 27, at twelve, at office of Sol., Darville, Finsbury-pavement KEIGHLEY, EDWARD, dry salter, Bradford; May 31, at three, at office of Sols.. Wood and Kilbrick, Bradford

KENNEDY, JOHN, ironmonger, Manchester; June 5, at four, at office of Sols, Grundy and Coulson, Manchester

KING, EDWARD, out of business, Leicester; May 31, at twelve, at office of Sols., Fowler and Smith, Leicester

LANE, THOMAS, innkeeper, Broseley; June 1, at half-past eleven, at office of Sol.. Leake, Shifnal

LEE. JAMES, beer retailer, Hulme, in Manchester June 10, at three, at the Fox inn, Manchester

LEMPRIERE, FREDERICK PETER, grocer, Clayhanger; June 5, at twelve, at office of Clarke and Payne, solcitors, Tiverton. Sol., Hirtzel LEWIS, MARY ANN, draper, Stockport; May 29, at three, at office of Sols, W. and F. W. Johnson, Stockport

MACPHERSON, JAMES, cattle dealer, Great Bolton: June 4, at half past three, at office of Sols., Messrs. Roberts, Heywood MCPHERSON, DUNCAN, and FERGUSSON, PETER, drapers, Merthyr Tydfil, May 27, at one, at office of Simons and Plews, Merthyr Tydfil

MAKIN, JOHN, brewer, Salford; June 5, at eleven, at office of Sols, Boote and Edgar, Manchester

MARSH, EDWARD, butcher, Shepherdswell: May 30, at eleven, at the Whitehall inn, Shepherds well. Sols., Sankey, Son and Flint, Canterbury

MATTHEWS, ARTHUR, surgeon, Selston Kirby and Annesley; May 31, at two, at office of Sols., Cranch and Rowe, Nottingham MERCER, ALBERT JOHN LILLEY, victualler, Sutton; May 28, at two, at offices of the London Warehousemen's Association, Gutter-la. Sol, Plunkett, Gutter-la

MINTON, EDWARD BENJAMIN, out of business, Herbert-st, Haverstock-hill; May 31, at two, at office of Sols., TanquerayWillaume and Hanbury, New Broad-st

NETTLETON, JOHN FREDERICK, aerated water manufacturer, Newton Abbott; June 7, at twelve, at office of Sol., Campion, Exeter

PAYNE, EDWARD, grocer, Wrexham; June 7, at two, at office of Sol., Sherratt, Liverpool

PENMAN, ADAM, BUTT, HUGH JAMES, and KENNEDY, JOHN, Ironmongers, Manchester; June 5, at three, at office of Sols., Grundy and Coulson, Manchester

PHILLIPS, DAVID, miller, Churchbridge; May 31, at eleven, at office of Sol., Glover, Walsall

PIKE, FREDERICK, oll merchant, Devonshire-rd, South Lambeth, and Falstaff-rd, Southwark; May 27, at three, at office of Sol., Darley, John-st, Bedford-row

RIPPON, WILLIAM HENRY, grocer, Melcombe Regis; May 29, at twelve, the Anction Mart. Melcombe Regis. Sol., Howard, Melcombe Regis

ROBINS, THOMAS, victualler, Kidderminster; May 31, at three, at
office of Sol., Corbet, Kidderminster
ROGERS, WILLIAM, miller, Worle; May 31, at eleven, at office of
Sol.. Chapman, Weston-super-Mare

SLATFORD. THOMAS, builder, Brougham-rd, Upper Holloway;
May 30, at three, at office of Sol., Willett, Gray's-inn-square,
Gray's-inn

SLOCOMBE, FREDERICK, plasterer, Teignmouth; June 3, at four, at the London hotel, Teignmouth. Sol., Fryer, Exeter SMITH, EDWARD, grocer, Stockton: May 30, at eleven, at office of Sols, Hunton and Bolsover, Stockton-on-Tees SMITH, WILLIAM, bootmaker, Liverpool; June 3, at two, at office of Gibson and Bolland, accountants, Liverpool. Sol., Ritson, Liverpool

SPEN ER, JAMES, common brewer, Everton: May 28, at twelve, at office of Marshall and Sons, solicitors, Retford. Sol., Bescoby, East Retford

STEPHEN, JAMES, flax dresser, Woolloomooloo Freemantle, and Millbrook; June 14, at two, at offices of Sol., Manlere, Gray'sinn-20 THOMAS, EBENEZER, timber man in colliery, Aberdare; June 3, st eleven, at office of Sol., Beddoe, Aberdare TIBBEY, ARTHUR HENRY, shipbroker, Liverpool and Belfast; Jane 4, at two, at office of Sols, Reynolds and Lyon, Liverpool TERRY, WILLIAM COX, fruiterer. West Malling: May 23, at four, at the Star hotel, Maidstone. So'., Goodwin, Mai Istone VODREY, WILLIAM LEVESON, Ozer, Wolstanton; May 27, at twelve, at office of Sol.. Litchfield, Newcastle-under-Lyme WATERS, SAMUEL, beerhouse keeper. Huddersfield; May 30, at three, at the County Court, Huddersfield

WATKINS, WILLIAM, grocer, Wellington, May 29, at two, at office of Roose and Price, accountants, Liverpool. Sols., Evans and Lockett, Liverpool

WHEELER, THOMAS, manufacturer, Lawrence-la and Oxford-rd; May 28, at three, at the Mason's tavern, Mason's-avenue, Basinghall-st. Sol., Watson, Basinghall-st

WHITE, JOHN, grocer, Tunbridge Wells, May 23, at two, at office of Sole, Carter and Bell, Leadenhall-st WOODREAD. WILLIAM, schoolmaster, Oxon; May 29, at twelve, at office of Sol., Downham, Birkenhead

Gazette, May 21.

ADAMS, NICHOLAS, surgeon, Lymington; June 10, at twelve, at offices of Edmonds, Davis, and Co., Southampton. Sols., Messrs. Lock

ALDRIDGE, WILLIAM, glass dealer, Tipton; June 1, at three, at office of Sol, Stokes, Dudley

ALLMAN, HENRY ALFRED, commercial traveller, County-grove, Camberwell New rd, Camberwell: May 30, at three, at office of Sol.. Darville, Finsbury-pavement

AMER, GEORGE, builder, Catford: June 10, at three, at office of
Sols, Hicklin and Washington, Trinity-sq, Southwark
BLIGHT, JOHN, engineer in the royal navy, Devonport and Ply.
mouth; June 1, at eleven, at office of Sol., Brian, Plymouth
BOTTOMLEY, JOHN, woollen manufacturer, Halifax; May 30, at
eleven, at cffice of Sol., Longbottom, Halifax
BRIGGS, ISADORA BLANCHE, and MCLEOD, ELIZABETH, milliners,
Kibworth Beauchamp: June 4, at twelve, at office of Sols.
Fowler and Smith, Leicester
BESDOCK, GEORGE, painter, Southsea; June 3, at eleven, at office
of Mr. Wainscot, accountant, Portsea. Sol, Walker, Portsea
CHUDLEIGH, DAAID AUGUSTUS, and DANIEL, HENRY, timber
merchants, New City-chmbs, Bishopsgate st: June 3, at three,
at office of Sols., Hicklin and Washington, Trinity-sq, South-
wark
CROUCH, HERBERT JASON, Ironmonger, Brighton, Southwick,
and New Shoreham; June 8, at twelve, at 21, Great Knight
Rierst, Doctors' commons. Sol., Holtham, Brighton
DAVENPORT, JAMES WILLIAM, barrister-at-law, Tanfeld.ct,
Temple: June 4, at twelve, at office of Sol., Dolan, Tokenhouse-
4. Lothbury
DAVISON, DAVID, cloth manufacturer, Calverley; June 3, at
eleven, at office of Pallan, Leeds. Sol., Harle

DEANE, JOHN, watchmaker, Stroud; June 6, at eleven, at office of
Sol.. Warman, Stroud
DONEY, WILLIAM. stonemason, Liskeard; June 3, at three, at
office of Sol., Raby, Liskeard

DIDLEY, FREDERICK, chair manufacturer, Liverpool; June 3, at
three, wt office of Sois., Almond and Collins, Liverpool
EASUM, ALFRED, binker's clerk, Leyton; June 4. at four, at
office of Sols., Lewis, Munns, and Longden, Old Jewry
EDWARDS, JAMES STYANT, licensed victualler, Merthyr Tydfil;
Je at eleven, at office of Sols., Smith, Lewis, and Jones,
Merthyr Tydfl

FOSTER, ROBERT, grocer. Consett; June 1, at twelve, at office of So, Kidd, Britzon, and Kewney, Newcastle-upon-Tyne FOX, WALTER EDWARD, manufacturer, Bradford; June 4, at three, at office of Sol, Richardson, Bradford HARLAND, JOHN WHITFIELD, manager to a lithographic printer, Heaton Norris; May 31, at three, at offices of Sols., Gardner, Horner, and Brandwood, Manchester HART. WILLIAM, out of business, Bloomfleld-rd, Burdett-rd, Bow: May 22, at thres, at office of So!.. Peverley, Basinghall-st HARVEY, KEUBEN, tailor, Nuneaton; June 6, at eleven, at office of Sol., Band, Nuneaton

HAWORTH, ABRAHAM, cotton spinner, Helmshore: June 10, at three, at office of Messrs. Simpson and Sumner, public accountants, Manchester. Sol., Hardy, Manchester HENDERSON, ADAM, builder, Chorlt n-upon- Mellock; June 4, at three, at office of Sol, Addleshaw, Mancheste HICKS, JOHN, iron roller, Middlesborough; June 7, at eleven. at office of Braithwaite and Co., public accountants, Middles horough. Sol., Bainbridge, Middlesborough HILL, WILLIAM, cabinet bar fitter, Southwark Bridge-rd, Southwark: June 3, at three, at office of Sol., Parry, Birmingham HOLDICH, ELIZA, widow, linen draper, Ludgate hill: June, at three, at the Guildhall Coffee house, Gresham-st. Sol., Bolton, Grays-inn-sq

HURST, RICHARD, grocer, Kinbury: May 30, at ten, at the White Htino, Newbury, Sol, Cave, Newbury

I

RELAND, THOMAS, builder. Acton-la, Acton: June 3, at twelve, at office of Sol., Jones, Serjeant's-inn, Fleet st

JACKSON. JOSEPH, cabinet maker, Hulme: May 31, at three, at office of Sols, Hardings, Wood, and Wilson, Manchester KENDAL, GEORGE, grocer, Lower Wandsworth-rd; June 4, at eleven, at office of Sol.. Greaves, Essex-st, Strand KNOWLES, JOHN, KNOWLES, THOMAS, and KNOWLES. ALFRED, felt hat manufacturers, Denton: May 31, at three, at the Chapel House Inn, Denton. Sol., Drinkwater, Hyde

LAWES, HARRY HAMMOND, sadler, Lowestoft; June 5, at twelve, at office of Sol., Archer, Lowestoft

MARRIOTT, HENRY WILLIAM, visiting tutor, Brighton; June 14, at one, at office of Sol., Mills, Brighton

MARTIN, JABEZ, boot manufacturer, Nottingham; June 7, at twelve, at office of Sol., Cowley, Nottingham

NORRIS, JAMES, butcher, Hulme; May 31, at three, at offices of Sol., Richardson, Manchester

OAKES, HENRY, carter, Dudley; June 1, at eleven, at the Saracen's Head, Dudley. Sol, Waldron, Brierly-hill

PAGE, RICHARD, hairdresser, Banbury; June 5, at ten, at office of Sol., Pellatt, Banbury

PARROTT, THOMAS, publican, Northampton; June 4, at twelve, at office of Sols., Messrs. Jeffery, Newland PARTOON, JOHN, painter, Darlaston, near Wednesbury; June 4, at eleven, at office of Sol., Glover, Walsall PEGLAR, JOSEPH WILLIAM, nurseryman, Lower Beeding; June 4. at two, at 34, Oid Jewry. Sols., Black, Freeman and Gell, Brighton PILE, WALTER, corn dealer, Curtain-rd, Shoreditch: May 28, at three, at office of Sol., Marshall, Lincoln's-inn-fields PRANGLEY, ARTHUR, artificial manure manufacturer, Spencerrd, Putney; June 3, at two, at office of Sol., Bradley, Mark-la PRITCHARD, JOHN, draper, Port Dinorwic; May 29, at half-past one, at the Ermine hotel, Chester. Sol., Roberts, Bangor PURDY, THOMAS, warehouseman, Rochdale; May 31, at three, at office of Sol., Standring. Rochdale

PYE, SIMEON, draper, Witton; June 4, at eleven, at office of Sol., Fletcher, Norwich

REDMAN, SAMUEL, licensed victualler, Bristol; June 3, at twelve, at office of Scl., Perrin, Bristol

RICHARDSON, PERCIVAL, out of business, Romsey; May 31, at four, at office of Sol, Killby, Southampton ROBERTS, ALBERT, seed merchant, Sheffield; May 31, at two, at office of Sols., Rodgers and Thomas, Sheffield

RYMAN, THOMAS, glove manufacturer, Charlbury; June 1. at eleven, at office of Kent, accountant, Basinghall-st. Sol., New, Basinghall-st

SALISBURY, ROBERT, chintz glazer, Orford-st, Marlborough-rd, Chelsea: June 4, at two, at office of Sols., Keene and Marsland, Lower Thames-st

SALT, RICHARD, market gardener, Stone; June 3, at three, at office of Sol, Adderley, Longton

SALTER, ROBERT HENRY, cabinet maker, Heigham; May 31, at
ten, at office of Sol., Stanley, Norwich
SAMSON, SAMUEL, baker, Brighton; June 12, at three, at office of
Sol., Stukey, Brighton

SERFF, FREDERICK WILLIAM, carman, Fulham Fields; May 28,
at one, at offices of Sol., Biddles, Southampton-bldgs. Chancery-
lane
SEWARDS, MATTHEW ALLEN, keeper of a fancy goods repository,
Southampton-row. Russell-sq; June 5, at two, at office of Sol.,
Leverton. Bishopsgate-st Within

SIMPSON, HENRY, shipw ight. Kingston upon Hull; June 6, at twelve, at office of Sols., Steed and Sibreo, Hull

SPIERS, RICHARD JAMES, china merch int, Oxfor1; June 17, a twelve, at the Clarendon hotel, Oxford

STANLEY, THOMAS, shoe tip dealer, Wolverhampton; June 3, at eleven, at office of Sol., Cresswell, Wolverhampton SUTCLIFFE, FREDERICK, tea dealer, Halifax; May 28, at eleven, at office of S. 1.. Longbottom, Halifax

THORLEY, FREDERICK, earthenware dealer, Northampton; June 5, at twelve, at office of Sols., Messrs. Jeffery, Newla d TIDSWELL, WILLIAM, bookseller, Halifax; May 31, at three, at office of Sol., Rhodes, Halifax

TIPPETTS, EDWIN, draper, Bristol; May 29, at eleven, at office of Sol., Essery, Bristol

TUCKER GEORGE, linen draper, Old Charlton; May 28, at twelve, at office of Sol, Mote, Walbrook

WAKEFORD, THEOPHILUS, bookseller, Cardiff; June 1, at twelve, at office of Sol, Stephens, Cardiff

WARD GEORGE, out of business, Wolverhampton; June 1, at ten, at office of Sol, Stratton, Wolverhampton WILLIAMS, JONATHAN, provision doier. Ince-in-Makerfield; June 1, at eleven, at office of Sols., Leigh and Ellis, Wigan WILSON, EDWARD, col merchant, Darlington; June 4, at one, at office of tidy and Bellringer, Stockton-on-Tees. Wooler

Orders of Discharge.

Gazette, May 14.

Sol.,

COLDHAM, DANIEL, late victualler, now Whitchurch-la. Edgware FOAKES, THOMAS EYRE, barrister, New-sq, Lincoln's-inn, and Fishery DenLum

Gazette, May 17.

DARLEY, WESLEY, out of business, Panmure-ter, Highbury
SIBLEY, JOHN JOSEPH, auctioneer, Buntingford
SIBLEY, JOHN JOSEPH, surveyor, York-grove, Peckham

Dibidends.

BANKRUPTS' ESTATES.

The Official Assignees, &c., are given, to whom apply for the Dividends.

Fland, F. wine and spirit merchant, first, 1s. 10d. (on account of 7s. to new proofs). Paget, Basinghall-st.--France, W. P. contractor, second, d. (and 10d. to new pro fs). Paget. Basinghall-st.-Jackson, W. clerk in General Post Office, first, 1s. 2 d. Pazet, Basinghall-st.-Pickworth, J. colonial agent, first, 12d. Paget, Basinghall-st.-Shaw, G. B. cotton broker, fourth, 1d. Stone, Liverpool.-Smith, T. B. upholsterer, first, 3d. 9-16ths. Paget, Basinghall-st.-Warne, J. builder, first, 1. Paget, Basinghall-st.-Wrighton, R. fellmonger, first sep. 4d. Paget, Basinghall-st.

Cropper, J. plumber, 1d. At offices of Camm and Corbidge accountants, 133, Norfolst, Sheffield.-Godbolt. C. jun. builder, 2jd. At Trust., R. M. Marsden, Bungay.--Hale, W. J. provision dealer, second and final, 18. At office of Trust., H. Bolland, 10, South John-st, Liverpool.-Houghton, Houghton, and Jones, cotton brokers, first, Is. Gd. At office of Gibson and Bolland, accountants, 10, South John-st, Liverpool.-Moore, W. wine merchant, first and final, 44. At Trust., G. D. Smith, 65, Newborough-st, Scarborough.-Predle, C. farmer, first and final, 1s. 7d. At bank of La Coste and Stikeman, bankers, Chertsey.-Willisford, E. elastic web manufacturer, second, 28. At office of Harrison and Co., accountants, Becket Well-la, Derby

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATHS.

BIRTHS.

MOORE. On the 19th inst, at 1, Kent-terrace, Regent's-park, the
wife of Henry O'Hara Moore, Esq., barrister-at-law, of a son.
RUSSELL. On the 16th inst., at Epsom, the wife of Charles B.
Russell, barrister-at-law, of a daughter.
RUTHERFURD.-On the 18th inst, at 6, St. Stephen's-square,
Bayswater, the wife of Henry Rutherfurd, barrister-at-law,
Esq., of a son.

MARRIAGES.

OLIVER-GALT.-On the 16th ult., at St. James' Cathedral,
Toronto, Canada, William Silver Oliver, M.D., staff surgeon,
to Elizabeth Alice, eldest daughter of the Hon. Mr. Justice
Galt, of Toronto.

STOKES-ATKINSON.-On the 20th inst., at Bettws Church, Mont-
gomeryshire, Ambrose Wellard Stokes, Esq, of Dublin, to
Emma Linda, eldest daughter of Serjeant Tindal Atkinson,
Dolforwyn Hall, Abermule, County Court Judge.
DEATHS.

MCCULLOCH-On the 14th inst., at 14, Hanover-street, Hanoversquare, London, Samuel McCulloch, Esq., of Bombay, barristerat law.

OWEN. On the 13th inst., at Wem, Shropshire, aged 71, William Owen. Esq., solicitor.

P_ILBRICK.-On the 20th inst., at St. Leonard's, aged 33, Egerton Philbrick, solicitor, Hastings, second son of Frederick B. Philbrick, solicitor, Colchester.

PARTRIDGE AND COOPER WHOLESALE & RETAIL STATIONERS,

192, FLEET-STREET, AND 1 & 2, CHANCERY-LANE, LONDON, E.C. Carriage paid to the Country on Orders exceeding 20s.

DRAFT PAPER, 18. 6., 68., 78., 78 9d., and 9s. per ream.
BRIEF PAPER, 158. 6d., 178. 6d., and 23s. C. per ream.
FOOLSCAP PAPER, 108, 6d, 138. 6d., and 18s. 6d. per ream.
CREAM LAID NOTE, 38., 15., and 5s. per ream.
LARGE CREAM LAID NOTE, 48., 68., and 78. per ream.
LARGE BLUE NOTE, 3., 4., and 6s, per ream.
ENVELOPES, CREAM OR BLUE, 49. 6d., and 6s. 6d., per 1000.
THE TEMPLE" ENVELOPE, extra secure, 9s. 6d. per 1000.
FOOLSCAP OFFICIAL ENVELOPES, 18, 64. per 10.
THE NEW VELLUM WOVE CLUB HOUSE" NOTE, 9s. 6d. per

ream.

"We should direct particular attention to their New Clubhouse Paper: in our opinion it is the very best paper we ever wrote upon."-London Mirror.

INDENTURE SKINS, Printed and Machine-ruled, to hold twenty or thirty folios, 1s d. and Is 9d per skin, 208, per dozen. SECONDS or FOLLOWERS, Ruled 18. 6d. each, 178. per dozen. RECORDS OF MEMORIALS, 6d. each, 5s. per dozen.

LEDGERS, DAY-BOOKS, CASH-BOOKS, LETTER OF MINUTE-BOOK. An immense stock in various bindings. ILLUSTRATED PRICE-LIST of Inkstands, Postage Scales, Copying Presses, Writing Cases, Despatch Boxes, Oak and Walnut Stationery Cabinets, and other useful articles adapted to Library or Office, post free.

Sales by Auction.

City of Bath.-Freehold rentcharges (or fee farm rents) amounting to £100 per annum, arising from property in the Weston-road, Bath, close to Victoria-park, consisting of ten handsome de ached stone built residences, with large gardens and stabling, ranging in value from £70 to £ilo per annum, and affording the most absolute security incapable of fluctuation or depreciation.

MR ROBINELL the abwe be AUCTION, at the R. ROBINS (of 5, Waterloo-place, Pall WHITE LION HOTEL, Bath, on WEDNESDAY, June 5, at Two o'clock, in eight Lots, by order of the representa tives of the late Rev. James Anthony Savage.

Particulars of Messrs. BOOTY and SON, Solicitors,
J. Raymond-buildings, Gray's-inn;

Of Messrs. PETGRAVE and HODGKINSON, Solici
tors, Bath;

at the Mart, E.C.; and of the Auctioneer.

Brighton.-The Capital Freehold Residence, No. 20, Brunswick-square, with stabling, let to Edward Hilton, Ex, on a lease expiring at Lady-day, 189, at the moderate rental of £210 per annum. Preliminary notice.

MR. the above Excellent FREEHOLD ROBINS (of 5, Waterloo-place, Pall

INVESTMENT by AUCTION, at the MART, Tokenhouse yard, E.C., on THURSDAY, JUNE 2-th, by order of the representatives of the late Rev. James Anthony Savage. Particulars of

Messrs. BOOTY and SON, Solicitors, 1, Raymondbuilding, Gray's-inn;

at the Mart; and of the Auctioneer.

Barnsbury. A well-secured income of £72. 10. per annum. and JENKINSON will SELL, at the MART, on FRIDAY, JUNE 7, at two, punctually, by order of the Trustees of the ome for Lost Dogs, a well-secured INCOME of £72 10, per annum, arising out of coach houses and stabling, timber-sheds, &c., and ground, in all over one-third of an acre, situate in Marriott-grove, Hollingworth-street, held for the above term eunexpired at £11 10-, per annum, and underlet for the whole term at Esi per annum. May be viewed by permission of the tenants in occupation.

MESSRS SCOBELL

Particulars may shortly be had of

Messrs. PATTESON and COBBOLD, Solicitors, 18,
New Bridge-street, Blackfriars;

at the Mart; and of the Auctioneers, 38, Walbrook.

Shoreditch, High-street, near the Great Eastern Railway Station.-A valuable Freehold and Leasehold Property, consisting of extensive and commanding Business Premises, occupying a most prominent position at the corner of this important thoroughfare and Bethnal-gre-n-road, with stabling and dweling-house in Boundary-street, at the rear; the whole let on lease for twenty-one years from Lady day 1867 at £350 per annum.

MESSRS, DEBENHAM, TEWSON, and

FARMER will SELL by AUCTION, at the MART, Tokenhouse-yard, City, on TUESDAY, JUNE 11, at Two, in One Lot, Nos. 65 and 66, Shoreditch High-street, consisting of two imposing shops, with handsome plate-glass fronts, and two floors and attics over, having a frontage of 31ft, by a return frontage to Bethnal-green-road of 36ft. Let on lease to Messrs. John Waring and Co., tailors, for twenty-one years from Lady-day 1867, at £320 per annum. Also a twostall stable and coach house, with dwelling rooms over, situate at the rear of the foregoing, and known as No. 1, Boundary-street; let on lease for a similar term to Mr. Nettlefield, at 20 per annum. The corner premises. No. (5, Shoreditch High-street, covering an area of about 750 superficial feet, are freehold. No. 66 and the premises in Boundary-street, comprising together about 1500 square feet, are leasehold for twenty-one years from Lady-day 1867, at a rental of £100 per annum. The immense traffic through this well-known thoroughfare at all hours of the day, and the certainty of premises in so fine a position always securing responsible tenants, at a high rent, stamp the property as an investment of the most secure description. Particulars of

Messrs. CLAPHAM and FINCH, Solicitors, 181, Bishopsgate-street Without; and of the Auctioneers, 80, Cheapside, E.C.

MESSRS, DEBENHAM, TEWSON, and

FARMER'S LIST of ESTATES and HOUSES to be SOLD or LET, including Landed Estates, Town and Country Residences, Hunting and Shooting Quarters, Farms, Ground Rents, Rentcharges, House Property, and Investments generally, is PUBLISHED on the first day of each month, and may be obtained, free of charge, at their Offices, 80, Cheapside. E. C., or will be sent by post in return for two stamps. Particulars for insertion should be received not later than four days previous to the end of the preceding month.

THE NEW SYSTEM OF BUYING A HOUSE WITHOUT MONEY.

SAMUEL BROTHERS, 50, Ludgate-hill,

LONDON, E.C.

29 AND 30, SOUTHAMPTON-BUILDINGS,

MOST

CHANCERY-LANE, LONDON.

OST PERSONS ARE FAMILIAR with what is known as the "THREE YEARS' SYSTEM" of the Pianoforte Makers, by which anyone who Hires an Instrument and pays the Hire for that period. becomes the ABSOLUTE OWNER OF THE PIANOFORTE. Previously to the introduction of this plan it was almost as difficult for those of limited income to buy a good Pianoforte as to BUY A HOUSE; and persons went on year after year, paying for the Hire of an Instrument, and expended as much money as would have bought the Pianoforte several times over.

What will hold good for Pianofortes will hold good for HOUSES; and there are many who would no doubt AVAIL THEMSELVES OF THE OPPORTUNITY, if it was afforded them, of becoming

THE OWNER OF A HOUSE

in the same way as they have already become the owner of their pianoforte. THE DIRECTORS

OF THE

BIRKBECK BUILDING SOCIETY

HAVE DETERMINED TO AFFORD

THE SAME FACILITIES FOR PURCHASING

HOUSES

As now exist for Buying Pianofortes.

HE considerable advance in price of Fabrics for the coming season has been anticipated by SAMUEL centres of inanufacture; hence they have the satisfaction of announcing that there will be NO ADVANCE in the TARIFF which is here submitted to their patrons.

G. HOBSON,

EXCELLENCE with ECONOMY.

THE DIRECTORS HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS

918.

101s.

99s.

G

558.

658.

603.

A HOUSE being, however, a more expensive article to Purchase than a Pianoforte, the "Three Years' System" will not apply, excepting in a very few cases: so that a MORE LENGTHENED PERIOD IS NECESSARY over which the time of Hiring must extend.

In pursuance of this resolution

diate use, or to measure.

THE HOUSE

Will become the absolute Property of the

Tenant

WITHOUT FURTHER PAYMENT OF ANY KIND.

IN ALL CASES

POSSESSION OF THE HOUSE

WILL BE GIVEN

WITHOUT ANY IMMEDIATE OUTLAY IN MONEY.
Excepting Payment of the Law Charges for the Title
Deeds, which in all cases will be restricted to
Five Guineas.

BEYOND THIS SMALL SUM

NO PAYMENT OF ANY KIND

IS REQUIRED BY THE SOCIETY

BEYOND THE STIPULATED RENT, WHICH MAY BE PAID EITHER MONTHLY OR QUARTERLY. THE RENT PAYABLE BY THE TENANT Includes Ground Rent and Insurance for the Whole Term.

AMUEL BROTHERS. 50. Ludgate-hill, celebrated for their RIDING TROUSERS.

Riding Habits, £1 1s., £5 58., £6 6s. Ladies' Riding Trousers, Pantalon de Chamois, £1 1s., £158, £1 10s.

Superior fit and workmanship are the characteristics of his Establishment.

THE NEW TROUSERS for the Spring and

passed. Riding trousers made to fit without the aid of suspenders or straps. Price 16s.

THE

HE NEW SPRING OVERCOATS. Price 25s., 30s., and 428.

HE BADEN WAISTCOATS, 11s.; two

TH

for 21s.

TROU- WAIST- BOYS'

SERS.

COATS.

SUITS.

G

EORGE

Tweeds, Doe

skins, and every

new Texture. Thibets. Drills,

Tweeds, Silks, and

every Novelty.
Negligée.
Zouaves, Reefers,

and every Style.

PLEASE MASTERS and SERVANTS.

NSIGNI

INS

EXCELLENCE WITH ECONOMY.

REGENT-STREET, W.

LOMBARD-STREET, E.C.

ESTABLISHED in

148,

57,

New System of Purchasing a House,

MAY BE SUMMED UP AS FOLLOWS:

1. Persons of Limited Income, Clerks, Shopmen, and others, may, by becoming Tenants of the BIRKBECK BUILDING SOCIETY, be placed at once in a position of independence as regards their Landlord,

2, Their RENT CANNOT BE RAISED.

3. They CANNOT BE TURNED OUT OF POSSESSION so long as they pay their Rent.

4. NO FEES or FINES of any kind are chargeable.

5. They can leave the House at any time without notice, rent being payable only to the time of giving up possession.

6. If circumstances compel them to leave the House before the completion of their Twelve and a half Years Tenancy, they can Sub-let the House for the remainder of the Term, or they can Transfer their right to another Tenant.

7. Finally, NO LIABILITY or RESPONSIBILITY of any kind is incurred, beyond the Payment of Rent by those who acquire Houses by this New System.

The BIRKBECK BUILDING SOCIETY have on their List several HOUSES, which they are prepared to LET on the TWELVE AND A HALF YEARS' SYSTEM, and in many cases Imin-diate Po-session may be obtained.

The Terns on which Houses can be placed on this Register may be obtained on application to

FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT. Manager,

708.

81s.

Illustraved

in different

styles. order. Fashion!

GE

Unap. Fashion Price is reguable proachlated ed in fit and and Novel according to quality. Fabrics. height.

ENTLEMEN'S and YOUTHS' CLOTHING can be either purchased ready made or made to measure. The Ready-made Stock is entirely of Messrs. Samuel Brothers' own manufacture, and is equal to clothing made to order. For the convenience of Lady visitors special show-rooms are exclusively devoted to the Juvenile Depart

ALFRED

the XVIIIth CEN

TURY.

SPECIAL NOTICE.

WEBB MILES,

of 12, Brook-street, Hanover-square, London, with whom originated the world-famed 16s. TROUSERS, has the pleasure to inform many thousand customers that his Establishment is replete with the BEST and NEWEST DESIGNS for GENTLEMEN'S DRESS, Elastic Saxony Twills for Morning, Frock and Light Overcoats, Scotch, Angola, and West of England Tweeds for Riding Trousers, Elastic Twills for Ladies Riding Habits, the Utile Dulci, Vicunas, Angolas, and Mosstrooper Tweeds for the Loch, Moor, and Mountain Suits at 3 guineas, illustrative of Scotland's beanteons heathers; also the R. Y. S. Indigo Blue Yarn Dyed Cheviots, for yachting, impervious to wind

and weather. THE GUINEA TWEED WATERPROOF OVERCOATS, all sizes and colours, ready for immediate use. ALFRED WEBB MILES. Only address, 12, Brook-street, Hanover-square, London, W. Established 1841.

BURDEN

AND KEER,

51, CONDUIT-STREET, BOND-STREET,

THE Judges have selected their circuits thus:-Home, Baron
MARTIN and Baron BRAMWELL; Western, Mr. Justice MELLOR and
Mr. Justice LUSH; Oxford, Mr. Justice GROVE and Mr. Justice
QUAIN; Northern, Mr. Justice WILLES and Mr. Justice BRETT ;
Midland, Mr. Justice BLACKBURN and Baron CLEASBY; Norfolk,
Mr. Justice BYLES and Mr. Justice KEATING; North Wales, Lord
Chief Justice BOVILL; South Wales, Baron CHANNELL.
LORD CHIEF BARON remains in town, and the LORD CHIEF JUSTICE
is left free for his anticipated duties at Geneva.

VOL. LIII.-No. 1522.

The

RUMOURS are abroad that the Government intend to curtail the expenses of the TICHBORNE prosecution by confining the evidence to that which is obtainable in this country. We may state that two gentlemen are under orders to go to Chili and Australia, but they do not sail for a fortnight, and in the meantime there is to be a consultation of all the counsel engaged. Therefore, it cannot at present be stated positively that the advice of the ATTORNEY-GENERAL will not be followed by the Government, but there appears to be some conflict of opinion between persons in authority, which it is quite possible may materially affect the conduct of the prosecution.

A RATHER important point as to costs was decided by ViceChancellor BACON, a few days ago, in Re Trueman. A bill for the administration of Mr. TRUEMAN'S estate had been filed, and amongst the claims was one by a solicitor for costs. Mr. TRUEMAN had been a director, and afterwards joint liquidator during a voluntary winding-up of the Madras Coffee Company, and the claim was for costs in respect of business done on behalf of the company, costs incurred in liquidation, and in a suit in which Mr. TRUEMAN, as a director, had been personally made a defendant. As to some of this business, Mr. TRUEMAN had given a retainer, and the VICE-CHANCELLOR decided that the estate was only liable for the costs with reference to such business.

AN interesting and important case, so far as regards the medical profession, was recently heard by Mr. MACNAMARA, the learned Judge of the Marylebone County Court. The question was whether a member of the College of Surgeons of England, authorised to practise as a physician, by a diploma from the University of Edinburgh, but not qualified as a member of the Society of Apothecaries in London, could recover for medicines supplied without advice or visits? It was admitted that such a claim could not have been sustained before the Medical Registration Act of 1858, but it was said that, since that statute, a person registered under it in respect of one or more medical qualifications could recover for medicines supplied. Sect. 31 was relied upon by the plaintiff, and that says: "Every person registered under this Act shall be entitled, according to his qualification or qualifications, to practise medicine or surgery, or medicine and surgery, as the case may be, in any part of Her Majesty's dominions, and to demand and recover in any court of law, with full costs of suit, reasonable charges for professional aid, advice, and visits, and the cost of any medicines or other medical or surgical appliances rendered or supplied by him to his patients." But Mr. MACNAMARA held that the object of the Act was not to enable physicians and surgeons to practise as apothecaries, and that to do so they must have a certificate from the Society of Apothecaries.

THE case of Torrance v. Bolton decided lately by Vice-Chancellor MALINS deserves special note, not only from its practical importance, but because it places the doctrine of mis-description on a wider basis than that on which it rested heretofore. The facts were briefly these: A reversionary interest in real estate was held after "the absolute reversion having been previously advertised as and that it would be offered for sale at a certain time and place, "and subject to conditions of sale to be then read." No printed conditions of sale were ever distributed, but at the sale some conditions were read from a written paper. The plaintiff, however, was deaf and did not hear them. The plaintiff became the purchaser and paid his deposit, but he then found that the reversion had been sold, subject to three mortgages. After the failure of some subsequent negotiations, the plaintiff filed a bill to have the contract for the purchase set aside. At the hearing it was contended that as there was no element of fraud in the case, the Court would not entertain a proposal for a rescission of contract. The VICE-CHANCELLOR, however, held that mistake or misdescription are as clear grounds for relief in equity as fraud, and he strongly reprobated the practice of merely reading conditions of sale amidst the hubbub of an auction, instead of inserting them in the advertisement, and as he held that the conditions of sale in this case did not give the vendor the protection they would have done had they been properly brought before the purchaser, he cancelled the contract, and gave the plaintiff his costs. No case can more clearly demonstrate the advisability of always having the conditions of sale annexed to the particulars, and yet how often is the precaution neglected.

THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL has printed his speech concerning law officers delivered in reply to the motion of Professor FAWCETT. We have already commented upon his remarks when made in Parliament, but we observe in the pamphlet that he makes some allusion to the inducement of a prospect of a seat on the bench, which it is considered ought to obtain for the Government the best men, regardless of the effect of taking office upon private practice. "I pass by," he said, "the fact that to many men (and those think the best men) for many reasons, some of which it might be invidious to mention, the Bench is not the

same object of desire that it was some thirty years ago." And he goes on to point out that the law offices are not now the only nor the usual avenues to the Bench. We are not acquainted with Sir JOHN COLERIDGE's reasons, but we believe the chief of reasons why successful men at the Bar do not as a rule desire to attain to the Bench is that very large incomes are made by them at the Bar with less labour than is called for by the office of a Judge. Lord Chief Justice BOVILL has taken very great care, both during the Tichborne trial and lately at the City entertainment, to let the country know that a Judge is not an enviable individual. On the latter occasion he pointed out that it is frequently necessary to sit up late into the night preparing judgments for the ensuing day, and there is undoubtedly considerable loss of personal liberty. It only requires that Judges should be made subject to the ill-tempered reproof of a Prime Minister to bring the office into such a position that it will only be accepted by the Junior Bar. Ministerial blundering has done much to degrade the judicial office, and to make judicial appointments ridiculous. A steady course of mistakes of the nature with which we have of late been made familiar will go far to cause the desire to attain to the Bench steadily to decline. We trust, however, that everything possible will be done to make the judicial office the object of the wholesome ambition which is known to have existed in earlier times, and that aspirants will not be disheartened by the exhibition of an overworked Chief Justice or the observations of an Attorney-General labouring under the criticism of a professor.

We have shown, on more than one recent occasion, what the opinions of County Court Judges are with reference to the power of commitment, and we have now been furnished with extracts from replies by all the Judges to questions put to them by the LORD CHANCELLOR. The strongest and most characteristic reply is that received from Mr. PITT TAYLOR, who says: “The total abrogation of the power would in my judgment be an act of insanity, and I think it would be a far less absurd measure to abolish the County Courts, and to enact that all debts under £20 should be irrecoverable, than to permit courts to remain, but to deprive them of the only means by which, in a vast number of cases, their judgments can be enforced." This is, in effect, the opinion formed by all the judges. Mr. ESPINASSE goes somewhat at length into the subject, comparing the case of the Superior and the County Courts. "It is to be regretted,” he says, "that persons out of the Profession, who probably have never entered a County Court, and are utterly ignorant of the course of practice, should put themselves forward to condemn a provision of the Legislature, which has been justified by the experience of sixteen years. It has been said that as imprisonment for debt has been abolished in the Superior Courts, it is unjust to retain it in the County Courts. This is a perfect fallacy, there is no analogy between the two cases. No action can be brought in the Superior Courts for the amounts for which by far the greatest number of summonses are taken out in the Connty Courts. In the Superior Courts, the defendants, in at least ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, possess some property on which a levy can be made; but what could a fieri facias produce from the goods of the numerous defendants living in furnished lodgings, and persons who are 'here to-day and gone to-morrow?'" In short, the power of commitment in the County Court, being in effect much the same as the power of imprisonment as exercised by the Judges under the Debtors' Act, there is no ground upon which it can be objected and after the opinions expressed by the County Court Judges there is every reason to suppose that it will be retained.

THE inclination of the Courts evidently is to limit as much as possible the old doctrine of scienter as affecting the liability of an owner of ferocious animals to persons injured by their being left at large. In the Court of Exchequer on Thursday, a rule for a new trial was applied for on behalf of the defendant, against whom a jury had found a verdict in an action for the bite of a dog. The person having the custody and care of the dog was the defendant's coachman, and some weeks before the accident he was informed that the dog had attacked the plaintiff. This the coachman did not communicate to his master, and the question was, whether the notice to the coachman was notice to the master? and the court held that it was. It is doubtful whether scienter ought to be regarded as the gist of an action for an injury inflicted by a ferocious animal. Lord COCKBURN, in a Scotch case which went to appeal in the House of Lords (Fleming v. Orr, 2 Macq. H. of L. Cas. 14), seemed to think that it was hardly fair that every animal should have one opportunity of injuring some person before any liability could attach to the master- a bull one dig with its horns, or a dog one bite. But such is the law, and, to carry it out to its logical consequence, actual knowledge of the master ought to be proved. If a message is left with a wife or other person living in intimate relations with the owner of the animal to be communicated to him, the presumption should be that it is communicated. But information to a servant, not a foreman or other servant of more than usual intelligence and position, but a menial, seems to us to fall short of the evidence necessary to fix a master with liability. In the case

of Gladman v. Johnson (36 L. J. 153, C. P.) the message was given to the wife, and that was held sufficient. The knowledge of ordinary servants, however, was held insufficient in Styles v. The Cardiff Steam Navigation Company (10 L. T. Rep. N. S. 844), and to a certain extent also in Smith v. The Great Eastern Railway Company (L. Rep. 2 C. P. 4.) But in Styles's case CROMPTON J. said that he thought the knowledge of the person keeping the dog would be sufficient. He qualified this in a measure by saying that such person must be a general manager, and said that he doubted whether a gamekeeper could affect his master with knowledge. The Court of Exchequer seem now to have gone somewhat farther than their predecessors by making a master liable on the knowledge of an inferior servant who happens to have the custody of the animal. The recent legislation making owners of dogs liable for injury to cattle, without any proof of previous mischievous propensity, ought to be extended so as to include injuries to human beings.

CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE-A CASE TO BE
OVERRULED.

THE case of Burrows v. The March Gas Company (41 L. J. 46, Ex.), is worth more attention than it has yet received as an authority on the subject of contributory negligence. Cases like this occur from time to time when defendants endeavour to evade liability by reason of what is called the "identification" of the plaintiff with some third person whose negligence has contributed to the accident. In Burrows v. The March Gas Company, the law is put upon its proper footing, and the question declared distinctly to be simply whether or not the relation of master and servant, or principal and agent, existed between the person injured and the person whose negligence contributed to the injury. There is authority, which we will presently refer to, for the proposition that a plaintiff may be so far identified with a third person, as to make that third person's negligence his own, although he be not his servant or agent.

The action was for breach of contract in supplying a defective gas-pipe. The facts were these: One Bates, a gasfitter, was employed by the plaintiff to make certain alterations in the gas fittings of his shop. It became necessary to alter the position of the service pipe leading from the company's main to the meter on the plaintiff's premises, and to lay down a fresh pipe. Bates, on the plaintiff's behalf, arranged with the company for the supply of a new pipe. The pipe which they supplied was defective, and an escape of gas took place from a hole in the pipe. A workman in the employment of Bates having taken a lighted candle to examine whence the escape proceeded, an explosion took place. The jury found that the pipe was defective. The defendants had, therefore, broken their contract to supply a pipe reasonably sufficient for the purpose to which it was to be applied. But the jury also found that Bates's workman was guilty of negligence in using the candle. The defendants contended that the plaintiff was identified with the workmen, and therefore that there was contributory negligence. The court held, however, that the workman was not the plaintiff's servant, and that to identify the plaintiff with him he must be shown to be his servant. Kelly, C.B., says, "If Sherratt (the workman) had been the servant of the plaintiff, and he had contributed to the injury the plaintiff sustained by his own negligence in doing the work of the plaintiff, that would have amounted to contributory negligence; but when we come to look at the facts, we shall find that Sherratt was a mere stranger as regards the plaintiff. He was not the servant of the plaintiff in any sense in which the term can be used. He was a servant of Bates, who had been employed by the plaintiff' in the same way as the gas company had been employed to do certain works upon the premises. The question is, can the plaintiff be identified with Sherratt, so as to be affected by his negligence? I am of opinion that he cannot." Cockburn, C. J., said, The defendants seek to make the negligence of the servant of Bates, the gas-fitter, who was employed by the plaintiff, the negligence of the plaintiff himself. I do not think that that proposition can be maintained. Bates was not the servant of the plaintiff, nor was Bates's man the servant of the plaintiff."

The case of Thorogood v. Bryan (8 C. B. 115), above referred to, is the authority for the theory of "identification" of one person with another, not in the relation of servant or agent to him. That case was a case of collision, but the principle would apply equally to any injury resulting from negligence. It decides that one who sustains an injury by a collision with a carriage cannot maintain an action against the owner of such carriage, if negligence on the part of those having the guidance of the carriage in which he is a passenger conduced to the accident, although he had no authority or control over them. The plaintiff's husband while alighting from an omnibus was run over by the defendant's omnibus and killed. It was held that the plaintiff could not recover, because the conductor of the omnibus in which he had been riding contributed to the acci dent. The reasons are stated thus: Coltman, J., says, "It appears to me that having trusted the party by selecting the particular conveyance, the plaintiff has so far identified himself with the owner and her servants, that if any injury arise from their negli

gence he must be considered a party to it. In other words, the passenger is so far identified with the carriage in which he is travelling that want of care on the part of the driver will be a defence of the driver of the carriage which directly caused the injury." Maule, J., says: "On the part of the plaintiff it is suggested that a passenger in a public conveyance has no control over the driver. I think that cannot with propriety be said. He selects the conveyance; he enters into a contract with the owner, whom, by his servant, the driver, he employs to drive him. If he is dissatisfied with the mode of conveyance, he is not obliged to avail himself of it."

This decision has frequently been unfavourably commented on. The learned editors of Smith's Leading Cases, in Ashly v. White, edit. 6, vol. 1, 267, speak of this highly unreasonable "fiction of identification," and point out that it is quite opposed to the ordinary rule as laid down in Quarman v. Bennett (6 M. & W. 750), "that the liability, by virtue of the principle of relation of master and servant, must cease where the relation itself ceases." In Tuf v. Warner (2 C. B., N. S., 750), Williams, J., speaks of the case with disapprobation; and in the case of The Milan (31 L. J. Adm. 105), Dr. Lushington declined to follow it: but it has never been distinctly overruled. It is, however, plainly inconsistent with the reasoning in Burrows v. The March Gas Company. We do not think that Thorogood v. Bryan is likely to be followed when next a similar case occurs, but meanwhile it does harm by giving a delusive encouragement to such defences as was attempted to be set up in the case above referred to.

THE LAW STUDENTS' SOCIETIES' CONGRESS. Or the compiling and reading of "papers," as of the writing of books, there is no end. Congress after congress is convened, reads, talks, and disperses, and too frequently the conclusion is vox et præterea nihil. We ventured to anticipate that the congress of Law Students' Societies to be held on the 21st and 22nd inst., at Birmingham, would effectuate something in the way of bringing down to practical work the reforms which now hang high above the heads of the Profession. These reforms have been talked at and read at for years; resolutions have been passed upon them, and very few persons object to their being carried out. Still they remain projects, well defined, but at present impracticable by reason of the impossibility of really interesting Parliament in the subject. When a legal abuse raises its head and gets into the newspapers, a groan rises from the public, and lawyers are abused as the authors, instead of being pitied as the victims, of a bad system. The lawyers, led by Sir ROUNDELL PALMER, have made an effort to reform legal education. This was a subject upon which hon. members knew that their votes or their absence would never be challenged by their constituents, and a House of only one-third of its actual strength rejected the resolutions. with the exception of the steps taken by the Inns of Court, we are pretty much where we always have been, and we fear the congress of Law Students' Societies does not very materially assist our progress to the attainment of the desired end.

Consequently,

It is

On the first day of meeting the principal paper was contributed by Mr. STURDY, of London, on the proposed School of Law, the abolition of law terms and vacations, and the necessity which exists for a code. The subjects merely require to be named among lawyers to elicit an unanimous expression of opinion. allowed, as generally as need be for all practical purposes, that lawyers should be educated under one good system, and that the only distinction between law students should consist in the degree which they ultimately take. The Scotch system is approved by Sir ROUNDELL PALMER and his very large body of supporters. Mr. STURDY states what it is, and it was apparently accepted with approbation by the Law Students' Societies. A little more agitation, another effort in the House of Commons, and the desired improvement in the education of lawyers, will be attained. At any rate, it may be anticipated that next year will see the necessary principles adopted by Parliament, the details remaining to be carried out in a Bill which will probably be brought in by the present leaders of the movement.

The necessity for "abolishing" law terms and vacations is not quite so clear. Mr. STURDY Speaks of the existing division of the legal year as a relic of barbarism. There is nothing barbaric in dividing the legal year into terms, so as to allow the Judges to go the circuits; the glaring absurdity is the Long Vacation, which ought not, in our opinion, to be abolished, but abridged. The holiday obtained by County Court Judges, namely, one month, ought to be sufficient for any individual engaged in the administration of the law; as a matter of fact two clear months are generally obtained-September and October, and sometimes a bit of August. It is difficult to see how the Courts in Banco could be kept open all the year round, unless at the same time Judges were set apart for the transaction of circuit business, or courts of first instance were established in the provinces. Indeed, the more this part of the subject is considered, the clearer does it become that any reform of the courts, or the times of sitting, must embrace the entire system; and the fault of Mr. STURDY'S paper is, that whilst it condemns and proposes abolitions it supplies no scheme. It is so excessively easy to condemn and to abolish, and so exceedingly

hard to invent machinery which will work as well as that which is destroyed. Mr. STURDY went on to say that we ought to have a code. This is an admitted want; but with all our greatest lawyers fully employed, and a parsimonious Government, it is little use to say that the want exists, unless at the same time a mode of supplying it is pointed out. The view of Mr. STURDY is more ambitious and comprehensive than we have yet met with. By the term code he is said to mean, "not only a re-arrangement and systematisation of the law, but a thorough and material alteration of the substance of the law itself where necessary." When this proposal is steadily contemplated the dangers attending it must be seen to be enormous. We do not possess

a Napoleon: we have no one who can make a code of law and compel Parliament to ratify it in its entirety. Any code which might be framed would have to submit to the crucial process applied to the Ballot Bill; and anyone who wishes well to English jurisprudence must shudder at the thought of what might become of English law after Parliament had deliberated upon its thorough and material alteration for a lengthened period. If Mr. STURDY had produced a specimen code of any branch of law, or given a hint of how the work was to be done, we should have expressed our acknowledgments. As it is, he tells us what Mr. HARCOURT told us much more forcibly and well at Leeds last year. We do not desire to encourage generalisations on pending reform and legislation, and we had hoped that the Congress of Law Students' Societies would have been thoroughly practical.

On

Let us notice, however, that the speakers who followed Mr. STURDY put forward the proposition that Sir R. PALMER's scheme of a law school should be modified in this respect-that the students should have more freedom to attend to the practice of the Profession than the scheme put forward would admit of. This is obviously important, for it is more essential for attorneys than barristers to know something of the practice of the Profession prior to being admitted to it. The CHAIRMAN explained that the period during which an articled clerk would have to be away from his office would not exceed one whole year during his course. There should be a clear understanding on this head, for it is perfectly certain that solicitors will not like to find that the scheme which they now advocate deprives them to any serious extent of jurisdiction over their clerks. the other hand, we see no reason why articled clerks should stand on a different footing to pupils in a barrister's chambers. Ireach case a premium is paid, but whilst the latter are free to come and go as and when they please, the former are regarded as owing allegiance to their principals throughout the greater portion of each working day. We should not for a moment advocate that the laxity of attendance at chambers observable amongst students for the Bar should be emulated, or allowed amongst articled clerks; but if the standard of education is to be raised, principals must prepare themselves to be served somewhat less continuously by their articled clerks. It was well pointed out by Mr. PARISH, of Birmingham, that articled clerks are not the apprentices they were in ancient times, and are not dependent upon their principals for subsistence; and that it is the fault of the articled clerk if he does not assert his independence, and claim to be recognised more as a pupil, on a social and professional equality with his principal, and less as a clerk.

The education of the articled clerk was naturally the subject of considerable discussion. Some speakers aimed a great deal too high, one deeming it essential that Latin and Greek should form a part of the preliminary examination. This speaker observed that he considered that every lawyer ought to be able to read ARISTOTLE in the original. We are more inclined to agree with Mr. LOWE that a great deal of time is wasted in acquiring a small knowledge of Greek, which is soon utterly forgotten, and it would be a severe infliction upon many young men to have Greek raised as a barrier to their entrance into the Profession. Again, to compel an articled clerk to pass in jurisprudence, in HALLAM and AUSTIN, in addition to the many subjects set him at present, is going too far, and could only be adopted if another proposal were accepted, namely, that the examinations be conducted less with reference to matters of practice, and more with reference to general principles. But another speaker at the congress complained that young solicitors, who are unable to buy a business, are driven to take situations where the practice is new to them, so that it would appear that the existing system of education is defective in a practical point of view and would not bear curtailment in that respect to make way for other studies.

We must conclude by expressing our opinion that the present rage in favour of AUSTIN and" general principles of jurisprudence' is a mistake so far as it applies to articled clerks. The danger of losing the substance, i.c., the means of conducting legal proceedings by means of a thorough knowledge of technical law, whilst pursuing the shadow of a higher education, is very great. If a suggestion put forward at the congress that solicitors should not take articled clerks under nineteen years of age were to be adopted, there would be time before articles for acquiring general knowledge which might include the elements of jurisprudence, and under such circumstances the period of service might be abridged to three years. But to crowd into the period of service practical experience in the office, attendance at lectures, and a study of jurisprudence,