The same author thus beautifully expresses himself upon the choice of a proper situation for planting apple trees: Whoe'er expects his lab'ring trees should bend Let him free entrance grant, let zephyrs bland Nought fears he from the west, whose gentle warmth But when the black'ning clouds in sprinkling show'rs processes The different and difficult But various are the ways to change the state * * * * But when the smoother bole from knots is free, The excellence of cyder, as a beverage, is well known. It was once the practice in Devonshire to suffer the apple-juice to run into vessels of lead, which, being dissolved by the acid of the liquor, became poisonous; and many lives were lost in consequence. The disorder of the bowels which generally attacked those who drank cyder thus contaminated, has been called the Devonshire colic. A spirituous liquor is drawn from cyder by distillation, in the same way as brandy from wine. The particular flavour of this spirit is not the most agreeable, but it may be purified and made wholly insipid. The traders in spirituous liquors are too well acquainted with the value of this spirit, as they can give it the taste of other kinds, and sell it under their names without any danger of detection. There is, also, a wine called cyder wine, made from the juice of apples taken from the press and boiled, and which, being kept 3 or 4 years,is said to resemble Rhenish. All sorts of apple-trees are propagated by grafting or budding upon the stocks of the same kind, for they will not take upon any other kind of fruit tree. The method of growing them from the seed is to procure the kernels where they are pressed for verjuice or cyder, they are cleared from the pulp, and sown half an inch deep in a bed of light earth. This should be done in November, and they will appear in the spring. APRICOTS (prunus armeniacus). The apricot-tree rises to the height of The stem is large, and so twenty feet, with a spreading head. branches, which are covered with a are the smooth bark. The leaves are large, broad, and almost round, but pointed at the ends, and finely indented about the edges; and the flowers are white. It is not certain of what country this tree is a native. The fruit is highly esteemed. There are seven sorts, which are-1. The Masculine apricot, which is the first that becomes ripe; it is a small roundish fruit of a red colour towards the sun as it ripens, the colour fades to a greenish yellow on the other side; it has a very quick high flavour. The tree is very apt to be covered with flowers, which are often destroyed by coming out too early in the spring. 2. The Orange apricot is next ripe; it is much larger than the former, and as it ripens changes to a deep yellow colour. The flesh being dry and not high-flavoured, it is better for tarts and preserving than for eating raw. next into season. 3. The Algier apricot comes This kind is of an oval shape, a little compressed on the sides; it turns to a pale yellow or straw colour when ripe; the flesh is high flavoured and very full of juice. 4. The Roman apricot ripens next. It is larger than the Algier, and not so much compressed on the sides; the colour is deeper, and the flesh is not so moist as the former. 5. The Turket apricot is still larger than either of the former, and of a globular form. The colour is deeper and the flesh firmer, but not so juicy. 6. The Breda apricot came originally from Africa. It is a large roundish fruit the flesh is soft, juicy, and of a deep orange colour within. This is the best apricot we have; when ripened on a standard, it exceeds all other kinds. 7. The Brussels apricot is the last ripe I 167 of all the kinds; for when planted against a wall it is seldom fit to eat before the beginning of August, unless the wall has a southern aspect, which spoils its flavour, and is prejudicial to the fruit. Many persons prefer the Brussels to the Breda apricot, but the latter is certainly the most juicy, and has the best flavour when planted as a standard. All the sorts should be planted against walls facing the east or west. POETRY. From the London Monthly Magazines. AN INVOCATION. at this silent midnight hour, Spirits have a power To wander from their homes of light, To come, and to a human eye Come thou, the lost Marcelia !-now- Whatever sights sublime there be, Or be thou like a dæmon thing, Or like the bloody shapes that come For I would talk of the famous brave- Stretches its spectral arms-and hear my doom. And I would know how long they lie On their dark beds who die, And if they feel; or joy, or weep, Or ever dare to sleep In that strange land of shadows-Thou Whom I do call, come hither-now. But there thou art-a radiant spirit, Earlier than others thy blue home, Like a visiting beam from star to star, Then soft and gentle beauty, be Still like a star to me, And I will ever turn at night," Unto thy soothing light, LE AUTUMN TRIUMPHANT. ET merry Spring enjoy her flowers, I scorn them all for AUTUMN's blaze. Summer and bey-day youth agree : Winter and age unsteady blow, Scattering their chilly influence roundStruggling 'gainst Summer's fervent glow; With'ring, where Spring's pale flowers are found. But glorious AUTUMN strides along, Like the first Adam in his prime! The varying hues together throng, And make the whole the true sublime. And so should man in prime of years, Like Autumn's sun his fame should be ; ON A NEW MADE GRAVE NEAR By the author of Legends of Lampidosa, &c. A grave of blessedness is thine, For softly on these peaceful knolls The burial-place of this lovely ruin is still used though uninelosed; and a resident minister offieiates in the chapel. Bolton Hall seems to have been the gateway of the Priory. And none are here but those who come In gentle indolence to roam, Or feed in Bolton's holy gloom Sweet memories of a distant home. Sweet be thy rest!-the toils and woes And breathed upon the sacred ground. Those cliffs where purple shadows creep, The stream scarce gleaming thro' the dell, These giant groves that guard its sleep, The present power of Beauty tell. The crosier's place, the altar-stone, Now echo gentle wisdom's speech; And those dim cloisters, mute and lone, Their meek and holy moral teach. The shrine, the mitred Abbot's niche, Where onee unheeded incense spread, Now with the woodbine's wreath is rich, And sweets from vagrant roses shed. Chang'd to a bounteous Baron's hall, His gateway greets the wand'ring guest, And only on its arras'd wall The frowning warrior lifts his crest. Where by a lonely taper's light The cowl'd and captive bigot knelt, Now summer-suns beam cheerly bright, And evening's softest shadows melt. Where once the yelling torrent's jaws Death to the youthful hunter gave, Scarce frolic Beauty feigns a pause, Then trusts her light foot to the wave. Emblem of Passion's changeful tide! The flood that wreck'd the heedless Boy, In after-years is taught to glide Thro' shelt'ring bow'rs of social joy. For such a tomb of sweets and flow'rs, But far from thee shall be the torch Offrantic mirth and impious rite; A Christian Hafez guards the porch, And decks the Garden of Delight. And only kindred hearts can bear Gaze on a scene to heaven so near. ACROSTIC RECEIPT FOR A POEM. WEIGH out three pounds of moonlight beams: O ftwinkling stars and mountain streams, This mixture, sold with Wordsworth's name, LITTLE BESS OF THE MOUNTAIN. WE MASSACRE OF THE MAMLUKS. From the Literary Gazette. E promised from Sálámé an ab. stract of the interesting account of the Mamluks and their massacre, and now proceed to redeem our pledge :— 'TheMamluks were the rightful masters of Egypt, since their establishment, in the year 784, of El-Hejira, corresponding to 1382, A.D. They were originally slaves, imported from Circassia and Georgia, by the Kurds, who took possession of Egypt after the decline of the Khalifes; and when they (the Mamluks) became a considerable number, they rebelled against their masters, drove them out of the kingdom, and took possession of the throne of Egypt. In time they increased by an immense importation of slaves of their own countrymen, till they became so powerful as to extend their dominions over a great part of Africa, Syria, and Arabia; and they had etabslished their monarchy under the title of Cháráhsé or Circassians. They reigned for about 120 years by themselves; but, as they were derived from several houses, they never were happy nor sincere one with the other. They had thirty-nine different kings on the throne of Egypt, the first of whom was Sultan Barckoock; and the last was Ckúnessooh El-Ghoori, who was the cause of the dominion of the Turks over Syria, Arabia, Palestine, and Egypt. In the year 920 of El-Hejira,when Sultan Selim X ATHENEUM VOL. 6. I. who is called "the conqueror," was at war with Persia, Ckánessooh ElGhoori made an alliance with the King of Persia against him. Providence having assisted Selim, he subdued Persia, conquered Syria, Arabia, Palestine, and Egypt: when, on Thursday the 25th of Sháában 923 of El-Hejira, A.D. 1517, he entered the city of Cairo, and Ckánessooh El-Ghoori fled to the Murdge Debegh, in the interior of Palestine. Sultan Selim baving thus destroyed the Circassians' power from the abovementioned kingdoms, those who remained in Egypt were willing to become his tributaries: he then stipulated with them, that they never should have the title of King any more, but they might be entitled to bear the title of Bey; that the civil government of Egypt should remain in their hands by paying him a certain sum annually; that a Pashaw of his own should reside in the citadel of Cairo with military forces, to administer political government, and to receive the stipulated annual payment; and that another Pashaw should reside at Alexandria, for the convenience of the royal fleet, and sea communications, &c. bier, however, ascended the throne, coined money in his own name, and would have restored the Mamlúk dominion to its former extent and power, had not the Porte stirred up Hassan Bey El-Jaddawi, and other Beys, against him. Among these was Sole. man El-Jerjawl, known by the title of Ráyábábó, which signifies, "Let him repose," or Give him his repose." This word was the only order which he used to give for beheading a man, without the least, or hardly any cause! ---At the battle of Mallawi, against the present Pashaw of Egypt, a shot took off his skull; and he had his good repose al-o.' Sáláné was Secretary to Shaheen Bey, the successor to Eify Bey, during the contest which ensued between the Mamluks and Mohammed Aly Pashaw. The war was bloody, and the latter was only enabled to triumph, by fomenting the divisions among the Beys. We shall extract the most memorable incidents. Three thousand Albanians were sent to surprise Osman Bey in Upper Egypt, and take possession of that province; but the other Mamluks getting intelligence of it, appointed Shaheen general-in-chief, who, with a large body of horse and some light artillery, took up a favorable position on the Nile. A few days after, the Albanies flotilla made its appearance; and not thinking that the Beys were (for the first time) so prompt, they came, as usual, to anchor on the west bank, waiting for a favourable wind against the stream. They were about 120 boats; many of them had a gun of good size. They anchored about six in the evening, and the people began to land, to get their dinner cooked; whereupon Shaheen Bey rushed with his cavalry all at once upon them, and opened a tremendous fire. The confusion of the Albanies was, of course, beyond measure. The slaughter among them, without mercy from the Mamluks, was most horrible; and the few who could escape from the shore were drowned. The plunder was immense; and the boats afterwards were set on fire, except very few of them, which effected their escape, and were run on shore on the opposite bank. Many of the Albanies were taken prisoners; but, as the general in chief (Shabeen Bey) had given orders "to give no quarter," and had announced a reward of one thousand paras (about one pound) to any man who should bring him a head of an Albanian or a Turk, all the prisoners were beheaded, and the heads brought for the reward.* 'On the next morning, when this attack, or rather massacre, was over, Shaheen Bey returned triumphant to the camp, with a procession of many heads before him, raised upon the lances' points, which afterwards were stuck all about the camp as a commemoration (barbarous vanity) of the victory! Now the pride of the Beys became unbounded, and their credulity in astrology was most solemn. They were quite confident of their conquering the country; and with great anxiety were looking for the arrival of Ossman Bey Hassan, who, at last, after receiving the pleasant tidings of the victory, hastened and joined them. The whole of their forces now amounted to about 4,000 Mamluks and 15,000 Bedouins. On his arrival, they made an agreement for the division of the kingdom amongst themselves, which was as follows:That if they should take possession of the throne of Cairo, a quarter of the dominions should be to Ibrahim Bey Elkebier; a quarter to Shaheen Bey Elfy; a quarter to Ossman Bey Hassan; and a quarter to Selim Bey Mahramgi, and the other Beys of the family of Múrad Bey: that Ibrahim Bey was to be the governor of Cairo, and on his demise Shaheen Bey was to succeed to the throne; Ossman Bey Hassan was *My forced employment on this unpleasant occasion altogether was almost my death: be sides the daily danger and discomfort to which I was exposed, all the men who succeeded in getting one or more heads of the enemies were sent to me being cashier, with orders from Shaheen Bey for payment of the reward;~~ and willing to pay me great compliments, on their roll the heads to the bottom of it all about me, reaching the entrance of my tent, they used to saying," May you see your enemies in this state." Notwithstanding I requested them very earnestly not to pay me this distinguished compliment, and that I would pay them with great pleasure without it: yet they would not cease doing it until I went and begged Shakeen nocy, who laughed at me, and said that “ I was not a good soldier." |