marriage state absolutely intolerable, and the discharge of the duties of married life an impossibility." Under this nearly everything can be cruelty' (p. 190).

When our Divorce Act was passed we placed ourselves on a slippery incline, and we need to take the greatest care that its provisions are not extended and facilities for divorce increased, as some amongst us are anxious that they should be. We would strongly recommend anyone who has doubts on the subject to read Mr. Convers' book, which we trust may have a circulation in this country.

The New Code: its Authorship and Tendency. By JOSEPH NUNN, M.A., Rural Dean, Rector of St. Thomas, Ardwick, Member of the Manchester School Board. (Manchester: Thomas Smith, 1889.)

THIS spirited pamphlet deserves to be well known. Its writer is an experienced controversialist, who has always taken a keen interest in the education question, and firmly upheld the rights of the voluntary schools. He reminds us that Sir W. Hart-Dyke made the following statement in the House of Commons: The object of the proposed alterations is simply to endeavour to carry into effect many of the changes advocated by the Majority and Minority Report of the Education Commission.' On which Mr. Nunn remarks that

'there are changes in the Code, which neither of the Reports advocated, e.g. the abolition of the pupil-teachers' grant. It would have, at any rate, been nearer the mark to have said that the changes were to carry out part of the Minority Report. If certain of the recommendations of the majority have been adopted, the qualifications and safeguards by which they were accompanied have been altogether disregarded.'

He proceeds to show at some length that the Report of the Education Commission has been practically thrown aside, and that some recommendations of Mr. Cumin, the permanent secretary of the Education Department, given in his evidence before the Commission, contain every important alteration that is to be found in the Code. He then asks: What is the tendency of the New Code? It is clearly to bring all schools more and more under the power of the department. The power of the inspectors is largely increased, but this power is exercised under the control of the department.' Mr. Cumin proposed a rate-aided scheme, the effect of which he believed would be to 'put an end to all the voluntary schools.' Mr. Nunn asks whether this code is intended to have that effect. We hope that the pamphlet will be extensively read.

Essays on the Work entitled Supernatural Religion.' Reprinted from the Contemporary Review by the BISHOP OF DURHAM. (London: Macmillan and Co., 1889.)

EVERYONE who read these charming essays as they appeared in the Contemporary Review will be pleased to have them in a collected The work to which they are a reply has passed through six or seven editions, and its plausible sophisms might have had an influence

form.

which they did not deserve if they had not been answered by a master of the subject with which they deal, and a scholar whose scholarship could not be questioned. The vein of irony which runs through Bishop Lightfoot's criticisms on the faulty scholarship which pervades the work on supernatural religion is amusing as well as instructive, and no one can rise from a perusal of these essays without feeling how complete an answer the writer has given to the shallow, but sometimes attractive, arguments which the advocate for scepticism has put forth in his book, the style of which must have had elements of popularity to secure the large circulation which it has obtained. Readers of such books as Supernatural Religion and Robert Elsmere would do well to study the solid refutation of the superficial philosophy with which they abound, here furnished by the Bishop of Durham. We trust that this volume will have the wide circulation which it merits.

INDEX TO VOL. XXVIII.

i

HEB

HEBREW Text before

the

Massoretes, the, 112 sqq.;
old Jewish preference of the
spirit over the letter of the Scrip-
tures, 113; avoidance of expres-
sions savouring of Anthropomor-
phism, ib.; the Hebrew equiva-
lent of A.V. ' appear before God,'
&c., 113 sq.; Jehovah-jireh,'
115; the Corrections of the
Scribes,' ib.; changes to avoid
apparent irreverence, 116; the
A.V. passage '[Eli's] sons made
themselves vile,' 117; question
of the number of the 'Scribes'
Corrections,' 118; the
" sus-
pended N in Judges xviii. 30
(Manasseh' or 'Mosheh '), 119;
euphemism of 'bless' for 'curse
where name of God immediately
followed, ib.; parallel usage in
modern Arabic, 120; explanation
of difficult passage in Ps. x. 3,
121; David's imprecation in
I Sam. xxv. 22, 122; substitu-
tions of 'Elohim' or ' Adonai' for
'Jehovah,' 123; usages of the
Versions and of modern He-
brews, 124; the true pronuncia-
tion of the Name lost, 125;
means of judging what the pro-
nunciation was, 125 sq.; later
Jewish devices to avoid writing
the Name, 126; unmeaning
changes of Elohim,' ib.; the
translation Lord' for 'Jehovah'
deprecated, 127; passages where
a wrong impression is given by
such translation, 128; criticism
of objections to using the word

IRI

belief, 479; Infallibility, 480 sq.;
Ritualism, 481; Rationalism,
482; moral significance of
Atheism, 483; analogy in human
relations, 484 sq.; the atheistic
type of character, 486; Science
and Theism, ib.; Mr. Wallace
on Darwinism, 487; Revelation :
controversy with Dean Mansel,
487 sq.; Christian evidence,
489; the Resurrection, 490; the
testimony which converted Da-
maris and Dionysius, 491; the
evidences in modern hands, 492:
our beginning in religion is with
God, 493; proper spirit of an
inquiry into the evidence of the
Incarnation, 494 sq.; need of
observation of religious history
of mankind, 496; a metaphysical
difficulty removed, 497; Christ's
claim to be the Eternal Son of
God, 498; the Incarnation is
believable, 499; Mr. Hutton's
small appreciation of the Anglican
position, 499; dangers of his
own, ib.
Hymnology, recent, 457 sqq.;
some complaints against modern
hymns, 457; need of utterance
of religious affections, 458; ex-
cessive subjectivity,' 459; de-
fects of matter and style, 460;
new edition of Hymns Ancient
and Modern, 461; valuable addi-
tions, 462; excellent occasional
hymns, 463; several without
merit, 464; blemishes in others,
465 sq.

'Jehovah,' 129; Massorete treat-RISH Christianity, Origins of, 391

ment the cause of several gram-
matical anomalies, 130; origin
of 'Hallelujah' as one word, ib. ;
cases of substitution of 'bosheth
for 'Baal,' 131; reasons for the
change, 132; honest work of the
Massoretes, 133

Hockin, Rev. Canon, John Wesley
and Modern Methodism, 252
Holland, Rev. Canon, On Behalf of
Belief, 242

Hutton's Essays, 478 sqq.; Mr.
Hutton's literary position, 478;
views on the unsettlement of

sqq.; Mr. Stokes' edition of The
Tripartite Life of Patrick, 392;
evidence of individuality of St.
Patrick, 393; his mode of con-
ducting his mission, ib.; his
champion, 394; 'Domnach Air-
gid,' ib.; Paschal fire, 395; Irish
relations with the East, 396;
breach in communication with
Rome, 397; St. Patrick's Con-
fession, 398; no desire of Irish
Churchmen to be on intimate
terms with Rome, 399; the Creed
in the Confession, 400; sun-