Aali Pacha (Turkey), 12, 105, 106.

Abercromby, British representative at Turin,
61n, 62.

Adrianople, Treaty of (Russia and Turkey,
September 14, 1829), 102.
Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaty of (1748), 43.
Aldunate, Señor (Chile), 157, 162.
Alfred, Prince of England, 128.
Alsace-Lorraine, 1, 21, 24n, 31, 56.
Alvarez, Alejandro (Chile), 26.
American Civil War, 150.

American Peace Commission (1898), 25n.
American Revolution, 4

Amiens, Treaty of (1802), 122.

Ancon, Treaty of (Chile and Peru, October
20, 1883), 2, 20, 26, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162,
text, 992.

Anselme General (France), 43, 44.

Antonelli, Cardinal, 95.

Apenrade Resolution, 147.

Arbitration (Tacna-Arica dispute), 157, 159,
161, 163.

Arequipa, Bishop of, 164.

Arica. See Tacna-Arica Question.

Arnim, von (Prussia), 11, 135, 136, 142.
Arthur, President of the United States, 157.
Audinet, Eugène, 22.

Augustenburg, Duke of, 138, 141, 142.
Austria, 11, 12, 15, 17, 32; and Belgian Com-
munes, 45 et seq.; and France, 7, 45, 79;
and Ionian Islands, 123, 128-9, 131; and
Italian duchies (1848), 58 et seq.; and
Italian duchies (1859), 65 et seq.; and
Italian duchies (1860-70), 72 et seq.; and
Italy, 97; and Lombardy, 13, 58 et seq.;
64; and Moldavia and Wallachia, 18, 101
et seq.; and Parma, 64; and Piacenza, 64;
and Schleswig-Holstein, 1, 16, 19, 132 et
seq., (mediation) 140; and Tuscany, 65 et
seq.; and Umbria and Marches, 95; and
Venetia, 63, 64, 96-7. See also Treaties.
Austrian Netherlands. See Belgian Com-

munes.

Avignon and Comtat Venaissin, 1, 6; under
dominion of Holy See, 33; an enclave in

midst of French departments, 34; people
enjoy privileges of French citzenship, 34;
France claims title to, 34, 35; Papal title
to, 34, 35-6; French revolution spreads to,
34; their union with France proposed by
neighboring French departments, 35; pro-
test of Comtat against union, 35; Avig-
non petitions union with France, 6, 35;
Constituent Assembly of France decides
against union without vote of the people,
36; civil war, 36; Avignon votes for union
with France, 36; French Assembly votes
against annexation, 36; French mediation
to end civil war, 37; peace (Preliminaries
of Orange), 37; plebiscite, 37-8; vote for
union with France presented to French
Assembly, 38; report of the Committee on
Avignon, 38; vote a matter of contro-
versy, 39; Pope relinquishes all rights in
favor of France (Treaty of Tolentino),
40. Documents, 173 et seq. See also
Treaties.

Balance of Power, 17, 20.

Balsche, Turkish regent over Moldavia, 110,
111.

Barnave (France), 35n.

Béclard, French consul at Bucharest, 109.
Belgian Communes (Brussels, Hainault, Na-
mur, Louvain, Malines, Tournai, Ypres,
Ghent, Liège, Mons, Charleroi, Grammont,
Brabant), 1, 8; French military invasion,
45; French victory of Jemappes (1792),
45; French proclamation asserting Belgian
sovereignty, 45; French machinations look-
ing toward annexation, 46-51; Belgian pe-
tition to French Convention, 46; French
commissioners to, 46, 47, 48; French de-
cree providing for provisional government
and elections, and prejudging union with
France, 46-7; Belgian protest against
French decree, 47; plans for Belgian Na-
tional Assembly, 47; Belgian national com-
missioners, 48; elections ordered, 48, 50;
Brussels vote for reestablishment of the

government of 1790, 48; Liège and dis-
tricts vote for union with France, 49, 50;
annexation of Liège to France, 50; pri-
mary assemblies of Mons, Ghent and
Brussels, 50; forced vote for union, 51;
annexation to France, 51; annexation of
Ypres, Grammont, Brabant, et al., to
France, 51. Documents, 302 et seq.
Berlin, Congress of (1878), 2, 20, 30.
Bernadotte, House of, 166.

Bernstorff, Count von (Germany), 17.
Barlow, Joel (United States), 7.
Billinghurst, President of Peru, 164.
Billinghurst-Latorre protocol (Chile and
Peru, April 16, 1898), 161, 163, text, 1000.
Bingen (Rhine Valley), 52, 54, 55.
Biron (France), 45.

Bismarck, 1, 16, 19, 96, 139, 140, 141, 142,
143, 145, 146.

Blaine-Trescot Mission, 157.
Bluntschli, Johann Kaspar, 23.
Bohemia, 31.

Bolivia and the Tacna-Arica Question, 156 et
seq. See also Treaties.
Bollène, Commune of, 40n.

Boncompagni, Sardinian Commissioner in
Tuscany, 68, 69, 74.
Bonfils, Henri, 24.
Bouche (France), 36n.

Bourdois, French agent to Belgian Com-
munes, 46n.

Bourgeois, Léon, 24, 87.

Bourqueney, French plenipotentiary to the
Congress of Paris (1856), 12, 105, 106.
Brabant. See Belgian Communes.
Brunnow, Russian delegate to the Congress
of Paris (1856), 12, 105, to the London
Conference (1864), 17, 18, 143, 144.
Brussels. See Belgian Communes.
Bulwer, Sir Henry (Great Britain), 106, 115,
117.

Bunsen, Prussian Minister at London, 11,
136, 137.

Buol-Schauenstein, Count (Austria), 105,

106.

Burgundy, 3.

Cabouat, Jules (France), 22.

Caderousse, Commune of, 39n.
Cadorna, General (Italy), 98, 99.

Calderon, President of Peru, 157, 158.
California, 22.

Calvo, Carlos, 26.

Cambon (France), 8, 46, 55.
Campo-Formio, Treaty of (1797), 122.
Camus, French Commissioner to Belgian
Communes, 47, 48.

Carlo Alberto, King of Sardinia, 58, 59, 60,
62, 63.

Carstensen, Chamberlain (Denmark), 153,
154.

Cavaillon, electoral assembly of, 39.

Cavour (Sardinia), 1, 12, 14, 15, 65, 66, 67,

73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 87,
88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 96.

Cazales (France), 36n.

Cecil, Lord Robert (Great Britain), 118.
Cephalonia. See Ionian Islands.
Cerigo. See Ionian Islands.
Charlemagne, 7, 41.

Charleroi. See Belgian Communes.
Charles V, King of Spain, 3.

Charles Louis of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen,

King of Rumania, 121, 122.

Chaussard, French Commissioner to Brus-
sels, 48n, 50.

Chépy, French agent to Belgian Communes,
46n.

Chile, 2, 26; and Tacna-Arica Question, 156
et seq.; reservation to Hague Convention
for pacific settlement of international dis-
putes, 164n. See also Treaties.
Christian VIII, King of Denmark, 133.
Christian IX, King of Denmark, 139, 142.
Clarendon, Earl of (Great Britain), 12, 105,
109, 110, 142.

Clausen, delegate from Schleswig-Holstein to
Danish government, 134.
Clement VI (Pope), 34.

Clermont-Tonnerre (France), 36.

Comtat Venaissin. See Avignon and Com-
tat Venaissin.

Confederate States of America, 29n.
Conferences and Congresses: Berlin (1878),
2, 20, 30; Hague (1907), 164; London
(1852), 138; London (1864), 1, 16-7, 33,
142 et seq., text of protocols, 886; Pan
American Conferences, 164; Paris (1856),
1, 12, 105 et seq., 119, 121, text of protocols,
732; Paris (1858), 118; Vienna (1814–5),
2, 9, 17, 20, 30; Vienna' (1854), 103-4, text
of memorandum, 726.

Corbett, British representative at Florence,
68, 69.

Couza, Prince Alexander (Moldavia and
Wallachia), 18, 119, 120, 121.

Cowley, Lord (Great Britain), 12, 18, 80,
105n, 118, 121.

Crete, 20.

Crimean War, 11, 101, 103.

Crispi, Francisco, agent of Mazzini (Young
Italy), 89, 91.

Custine, General (France), 7, 52, 53.

Danish West India Company, 150n.
Danton (France), 41, 47, 48, 49.

Danubian Principalities (see also Moldavia
and Wallachia; European Commission for
Danubian Provinces), 11, 12, 18, 19.

Dauphiny, 42n.

Decazes, Duke (France), 23n.

Delacroix, French Commissioner to Belgian
Communes, 47, 48.

Delafield, General (United States), 150n.
Denmark, 9n, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25; and
Schleswig-Holstein, 132 et seq., (media-
tion) 140, 151; and St. Thomas, St. John
and St. Croix, 149 et seq.; new constitu-
tion, 155n. See also Treaties.
Depretis, Pro-dictator of Sicily, 90, 91.
Despagnet, F. C. R. (France), 24.

Desportes, French Minister at Geneva, 56,
57.

Djemil Bey (Turkey), 105n.

Douai (Merlin de), French Commissioner to
Belgian Communes and Rhine Valley, 48,
49n, 53, 54.

Dumouriez, General (France), 7, 45, 46, 47,
48, 49.

Duport, French Minister of Justice, 40.

Elliot, British Minister at Naples, 92.
Emilia (see also Modena, Parma, Romagna),
1, 14; States comprising, 72, 73; plan for
plebiscite to determine political status,
72-4; elections called, 74; method of vot-
ing, 74; union with Sardinia voted, 75;
union with Sardinia decreed, 75. Docu-
ments, 499 et seq.
Ems dispatch, 21.
Engadine, Swiss, 42n.

England. See Great Britain.
Erasmus, 3.

Eugene, Prince of Savoy, 72.

European Commission for Danubian Prov-
inces, 12, 106, 107, 109, 113, 115, 116, 117.

Farini (Italy), 74, 75.

Fiore, Pasquale (Italy), 24, 26.

Flanders, Count of, 121.
Florida, 22.

Forster, French Commissioner to Rhine Val-
ley, 53, 55.

France, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21,
23, 24, 25, 28; and Belgian Communes, 45
et seq.; and Comtat Venaissin, 33 et seq.:
and Crimean War, 103; and Danish West
Indies, 150; and Geneva, 56-7; and Ionian
Islands, 122, 127; and Italy, 96; and
Moldavia and Wallachia, 101 et seq.; and
Mülhausen, 55-6; and Nice, 43 et seq., 75 et
seq.; and Rhine Valley, 51 et seq.; and
Rome, 98 et seq.; and St. Bartholomew,
155-6; and Sardinia, 72; and Savoy, 41 et
seq., 75 et seq.; and Sicily and Naples, 90;
and Schleswig-Holstein, 135-49 passim,
(mediation) 140; and Umbria and the
Marches, 95; and Venetia, 96. See also
Treaties.

Francis I, King of France, 3.

Francis II, King of the Two Sicilies, 96n.
Francis Joseph, King of Austria, 13, 66, 96,
97.

Frankfort, Treaty of (France and Germany,
May 10, 1871), 21n, 30.

Frederick VII, King of Denmark, 133.
Frelinghuysen, F. T. (United States), 157.
French Revolution, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 33–55
passim.

Frijs, Count (Denmark), 151, 152.
Fuad Pacha (Turkey), 118.

Fusinato, Guido (Italy), 27, 29, 30, 83.

Gastein Convention, 145.

Garibaldi (Italy), 15, 82, 89, 90, 92, 96, 98.
Geffcken, 23.

Geneva, enclave in midst of French Depart-
ments, 56; economic dependence upon
France, 56; French machinations looking
toward union, 56, 57; administrative and
legislative council, 57; special commission
to decide upon union with France, 57; un-
willing vote for union with France, 57;
treaty of union and annexation, 9, 57; op-
tion clause of treaty, 57. Documents, 359
et seq. See also Treaties.
Genoa, Duke of, 63.

George, Prince of Denmark and King of
Greece, 128.

Germanic Confederation, 1, 10, 11, 16, 17;
and Schleswig-Holstein, 132 et seq., (me-
diation of Powers) 140.

Germany (see also Germanic Confederation;
Prussia; Treaties), 10, 13, 19, 20, 21, 31,
56; and Mülhausen, 55-6; and Rhine Val-
ley, 55.

Ghent, 47. See also Belgian Communes.
Ghika, Prince Alexander (Turkish Regent
over Wallachia), 110, 111.

Gladstone, 67, 117, 118, 125, 126, 127, 130.
Gioberti (Italy), 65.

Goltz, von (Prussia), 140.

Gortchakoff, Russian Minister at Vienna, 11,
103, 104.

Gossouin, French Commissioner to Belgian
Communes, 48.

Graglia, Sardinian Commissioner of Educa-
tion, 85.

Grammont. See Belgian Communes.
Great Britain, 1, 12, 15, 17, 25, 32; and Cri-
mean War, 103; and Danish West Indies,
150; and Ionian Islands, 122 et seq.; and
Italian national assemblies, 67-74 passim,
and Italian plebiscites (1848), 60-5 passim,
and Italian plebiscites (1860-70), 72-96,
passim; and Italy, 96; and Moldavia and
Wallachia, 101 et seq.; and Napoleon III,
79; and Schleswig-Holstein, 135 et seq.,
(mediation) 140; and Sicily and Naples,
90, 94n; and Umbria and the Marches,
95-6. See also Treaties.

Greece, 1, 15, 16, 20; and Ionian Islands, 122
et seq.; war of independence, 123, 124;
Powers guarantors of kingdom, 127; ex-
pulsion of King Otto, 127; Prince George
of Denmark elected king, 128. See also
Treaties.

Grégoire, French Commissioner to Rhine
Valley, 53, 54; report on Savoy, 43.
Gregory X (Pope), 34.

Grillon, 40n.

Grivaz, 87.

Grotius, 4, 26.

Guastalla, Duchy of, 64.
Guéronnière, de la, 22.
Guienne (France), 2.

Hague Convention for pacific settlement of
international disputes (Article 39), 164n.
Hague Peace Conference of 1907, 164.
Hague Tribunal, 168.

Hainault, 46, 47. See also Belgian Com-

munes.

Hall, W. E., 25.
Hannibal, 42n.

Hanover, annexation to Prussia, 19.
Hatzfeld, Count von (Prussia), 118.
Haussmann, French Commissioner to Rhine
Valley, 53, 54; report of, 55.
Hawaiian Islands, 25n.

Hawley, Rev. Charles, U. S. confidential rep-
resentative in Danish West Indies, 153,
154.

Hayes, President of the United States, 157.
Heffter, A. W., 23.

Heimweh, Jean, 22, 87.

Henry II, King of France, 3.
Henry III, King of England, 2.
Hesse, annexation to Prussia, 19.
Holstein. See Schleswig and Holstein.
Holtzendorff, Fr. von, 23.

Iglesias, General (Peru), 158.

Iglesias-Novoa protocol (Peru and Chile,
1883), 158, text, 991.

International law, 9n, 20, 156.
International law authorities on plebiscites,
22 et seq.

Ionian Islands (Corfu, Cephalonia, Ithaca,
Santa Maura, Zante, Cerigo, Paxo), 1, 15,
25; history prior to 1815, 122; recognized
as a republic by Treaty of Paris (1815),
123; British protectorate instituted, 122,
123; rise of party for union with Greece,
124; election reforms of British Lord High
Commissioner (1849), 124; protectorate
in disfavor, 124; Cephalonia uprising, 125;
British mission to islands (1859), 125;
Gladstone appointed as Lord High Com-
missioner, 126; Ionian Assembly declared
for union with Greece, 126; petition of Ion-
ian Assembly to the Queen, 126; Gladstone
resigns, 126; Queen refuses request for
union with Greece, 126; prorogation of
Ionian Assemblies, 127; expulsion of King
Otto of Greece, 127; election of Prince
George of Denmark as King of Greece,
128; Great Britain agrees to cede islands
to Greece, 128; new Ionian Assembly con-
voked to vote on union, 129; electoral qual-
ifications for new parliament, 129; electoral

procedure, 130; opening of parliament, 130;
parliament votes for union with Greece,
131; Assembly prorogued, 131; Powers
formally assent to cession of islands to
Greece, 131, 132; neutralization of islands,
131; razing of fortress of Corfu, 131-2;
termination of British protectorate, 132;
and Venetian Republic, 122. Documents,
838 et seq.

Ireland, 31.

Italian National Assemblies (1859), 65 et seq.
See Lombardy, Modena, Parma, Piacenza,

Romagna, Tuscany.

Italian Plebiscites (1848), 58 et seq. See
Emilia, Lombardy, Marches, Modena,
Naples, Parma, Piacenza, Reggio, Rome,
Sicily, Tuscany, Umbria, Venetia.
Italian Plebiscites (1860-70), 72 et seq.
See Emilia, Marches, Naples, Nice, Rome,
Savoy, Sicily, Umbria, Venetia.
Italy (see also Sardinia; Treaties), 1, 10, 12,
13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 26, 31, 32; founding of
kingdom, 58, first parliamentary elections,
81, Italian Chamber, 83, 88, 91, 95; Victor
Emanuel voted king, 95; kingdom recog-
nized by France, Great Britain et al., 96;
and Austria 97; and Rome, 98 et seq.; and
Schleswig-Holstein, 96; and Venetia, 96-7.
Italy, League of Central, 72. See also Emi-
lia.

Ithaca. See Ionian Islands.

Lameth, Charles de (France), 36n.
Landau (Rhine Valley), 52, 54.
Lapps, Nomadic Swedish, 167.
Lasource (France), 8, 44.

Latorre-Billinghurst Protocol (Chile and
Peru, April 16, 1898), 161, 163, text, 1000.
La Tour-Maubourg (France), 36.
Lauenburg, Duchy of, 133.
Laurenti-Rabaudi (Italy,, 83.
Lawrence, William Beach, 25.

League of Central Italy, 72. See also
Emilia.

Lebœuf, General (France), 97.

Le Brun, French Minister of War, 45, 46.
Légion allobroge (Savoy), 43.
Legitimacy, principle of, 10, 13, 17.
Lehman (Denmark), 134.

Le Scène des Maisons, French mediator at
Orange, 37, 38n, 40n.

Leucas (Santa Maura). See Ionian Islands.
Lhuys, Drouyn de (France), 16n, 140, 141,
144.

Lieber, Francis (United States), 22, 25.
Liège, 49. See also Belgian Communes.
Logan, United States Minister to Chile, 157,
158.

Lombardy, 10, 13; uprising (1848), 58; pro-
visional government established, 58; war
on Austria, 58; political parties and their
aims, 58-9; plans for plebiscite, 59, 60n;
commission appointed, 59; election pro-
vided for, 60; method of voting, 60; union
with Sardinia voted, 61; vote declared il-
legal, 61; table of votes, 61n; proclamation
of vote, 63; union with Sardinia, 63; re-
turn to Austrian rule, 64; old union with
Sardinia proclaimed effective, 66; ceded to
Napoleon to be ceded in turn to Sardinia,
66. Documents, 370 et seq., 496 et seq.
London Conference (1852), 138; (1864), 1,
16-7, 33, 142 et seq., text of protocols, 886.
Lorraine, 1, 21, 24n, 31.

Louis IX, King of France, 2.

Louis XIV, King of France, 7, 34.
Louis XVI, King of France, 45, 47.
Louisiana, 22.

Louvain, 47. See also Belgian Communes.
Lubonis, Provisional Governor of Nice, 82,
83, 84.

Madrid, Treaty of, 3.

Malaussena, Syndic of Nice, 82.

Malines, 47. See also Belgian Communes.