of the urinal passages, should drink freely of the Washington, Jan. 10, 1828. P. S. Directions for preparing the Tea, &c.-A double handful of the liverwort, after washing it clean, is to be put into a saucepan, and half a gal lon of boiling water poured on the same; let the pan then remain on the hot embers, or stove, and simmer for about an hour and an half; then pour the whole into a proper vessel to drink out of When cold, it may be drank as often as thirst or the state of the stomach will admit. The keeping the leaves in the vessel while using the tea, is necessary, to keep the same limpid. J. C. ANSWERS TO QUERIES. RECIPES. METHOD OF DESTROYING RATS. agency, to be made acquainted with persons disposed to embark in the business, or with those more particularly who are concerned in manufactories, and wish to branch out with an establishment of this kind. I had much rather be associated with For the discovery of the following complete remesome responsible person or persons acquainted with dy, we are indebted to G. W. Miller, an ingenious the business, than engage in it alone, knowing but apothecary of Wernigerode, in Germany. He canlittle of establishments of this description. I am didly acknowledges to have derived the first hint well assured that handsome profits might be real- for such a purpose, many years since, from a book ized, and ready sales effected on a greater propor written by a celebrated economist. In short, it will tion of the articles manufactured, at the factory and be found the most expeditious and effectual mode the adjacent counties. I should like to be inform- that can be pursued. A capacious cask, covered at ed where the necessary machinery can be best exe-top, of moderate height, must previously be procurcuted, and the cost of two thousand spindles, with ed, and put in the vicinity of places infested with all the necessary appurtenances, &c., for weaving rats. During the first week this vessel is employed as well as for spinning cotton and wool. If it is not only to allure the rats to visit the top of the cask, imposing too much on your time and disposition to by means of boards or planks, (arranged in a slopaccommodate, you can inform your townsmen, Sin-ing direction to the floor, or bottom of the cellar,) clair & Moore, that their self-sharpening ploughs which are every day strewed with meal, or any are in very high repute in this section of country, other food grateful to their palate, and the principal being preferred to all others, without exception, part of which is exposed on the surface. After havand the reason they are not more generally used ing thus been lulled into security, and accustomed is because there are not more of them offered for to find a regular supply for their meals, a skin of sale at the different mercantile establishments in parchment or sheep-skin is substituted for the this vicinity. Could some of them be consigned to wooden top or cover of the cask, having been preJohn Ross & Co., T. Jordon & Lumpkin, Ayletts, viously cut with transverse incisions, (thus) for King William county, to B. & A. Temple, Walker- several inches through the centre of the skin, ton, King and Queen, they might be readily sold on so as to yield at the slightest pressure. At the In answer to the queries of Mr. George Wilson, moderate commissions. The most suitable are Nos. same time a few gallons of water, to the depth contained in the American Farmer of the 1st inst., 3, 2, and 0, but more of the two last numbers. of five or six inches, are poured into the empty we state, that we will deliver in Baltimore, a steam Any information or services you can render me cask. In the middle of this element a brick or stone engine, of two horses power, for five hundred dol-relative to this proposed establishment, will be duly is placed so as to project one or two inches above appreciated by your old subscriber and well-wisher. the water, so that one rat may find on the former M. G. FAUNTLEROY. a place of refuge. These preparatory measures Clarkston, King & Queen co., Va. being taken, the boards, as well as the top of the cask, should now be furnished with proper bait, in order to induce them to repeat their visits. No sooner does one of these maurauders plunge through retreats to the brick or stone, and commences its the section of the parchment in the vessel than it lamentations for relief. Nor are its whining notes uttered in vain; others soon follow and share the them to decide the possession of the dry asylum. same fate, when a dreadful conflict begins among Battles follow in rapid succession, attended with such loud and noisy shrieks, that all the rats in the neighbourhood hasten to the fatal spot, where they experience similar disaster. Thus hundreds may be caught by a stratagem, which might be greatly facilitated by exposing in the cask a living rat taken in a trap. In this way those destructive vermin may be suddenly exterminated from a house or neighbourhood at very little trouble or expense. [Domestic Encyclopedia. lars. It may be a matter of interest to such of your readers as are about to engage in manufactures by steam-power, to be informed, that we have recently put up two steam engines in grist mills, in this neighbourhood, which operate with about one half of the fuel commonly employed to do the same work References for the fact may be made to John Mumma, Hanover, Pa., or to J. B. & J. W. Webb, of this place. At our establishment are also made all kinds of machine screws for pressing paper, cloth, oil, tobacco, &c. DAVIS & GARTNER. ANOTHER ANSWER. MR. J. S. SKINNER, Paterson, 4th Feb. 1828. Dear Sir,—The inquiry of your North Carolina correspondent, Mr. Wilson, will be best answered on the subject of steam-engines, by the president of the West Point foundry association. Cotton machinery, for manufacturing cloth or for spinning, may be obtained here as cheaply, and as well made, as in any part of the United States; and we have here very intelligent gentlemen, manufacturers, who can and are ever ready to give every information that may be desired on the subject of manufacturing cotton, hemp, floss, iron or wood. I am very respectfully, yours. T. A PARTNER WANTED IN A MANUFACTORY IN THE J. S. SKINNER, Esq. a THE WEATHER. MR. SKINNER, Northern Neck, (Va.) Feb. 7, 1828. Another circumstance worthy of remark is, the Clear, 27 days. 11 66 POCOCK'S PICKLE. MR. SKINNER, October 29, 1827. Sir,-In your American Farmer, of October 5, -38. I observed on inquiry for pickling beef. The folThe long continuance of damp, warm weather, lowing recipe is one which I have known to have has had a very deleterious effect upon the health of been practised with success. If you consider it our population, producing many cases of typhoid worthy of a place in your useful paper, you are at pneumonia, which frequently proves fatal. Our ice-liberty to publish it. Yours, respectfully, houses are entirely empty, and there is now but lit tle prospect of getting them filled this season. With respect, A SUBSCRIBER. INQUIRY. Panther Creek, 29th Jan. 1828. Jan. 22, 1828. Dear Sir,-I have a meal mill neatly fixed up after the most modern construction, with cast-iron gearing, within thirty miles of Richmond and on navigable water, with a powerful and never-failing J. S. SKINNER, ESQ. supply of water. I wish to have attached to this Sir, I will consider it a great favour if you will site a cotton factory, as it is in a wealthy and be so kind as to send me a recipe for the best healthy section of country, where provisions of every description and labour are cheap; and where vast quantities of cotton are annually cultivated for exportation, and the desired quantities of wool for coarse goods, might be easily obtained, for such an establishment. I would wish, through your! mode of rectifying whiskey—also, a recipe for dis- I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient humble servant, THOMAS HORMSBY. To four gallons of water, add one pound and a half of brown sugar or molasses, two ounces of salt petre, and six pounds of alum salt-boil all together in an iron pot, and skim it as long as any skim rises; then cool it. The meat being placed in a barrel, pour the pickle cool on it till covered. Beef cured this way has been found as good after three months as if it had been salted but a few days. If the meat is to be preserved a considerable time, the pickle must be boiled over, in the course of eight weeks, skimming off all that rises, and throwing in during the boiling, two ounces of sugar and half a pound of salt. This pickle will keep twelve months. EXTRAORDINARY CURE. 8-SWEET-SCENTED TOBACCO SEED.-The Edi Many subscribers to the American Farmer would feel themselves under particular obligation to any gentleman, practically familiar with the subject, who would send for publication, a communication getting out, and cleaning clover and orchard grass on the subject of the time and method of saving, seed. The Jones Arabian is a beautiful dapple grey, black racers of Great Britain and this country, have been obtained by crosses of the Arabian blood, and trace in their pedigrees, Curwen's Barb, Croft's bay Barb Lindsey's Arabian, the Paget Turk, the Byerly Turk, and other famous Arabians. Medley, Citizen, Sorrel Diomed Grey Diomed and other famous Southern stallions, possess a great portion of the Arabian blood. The Jones Arabian has stood for mares only a few years; his oldest colts are but two years old next spring, and have been universally admired. On the 21st ult. a negro lad, the property of Mr. tor would feel particularly indebted to any gentle-legs, mane and tail, seven years old last spring, fifteen Dunstan Banks, near this place, as he was return-man who can supply him with a small quantity of hands high, of fine temper, spirit and action. ing from work, about dark, was bitten by a rattle- genuine sweet-scented Cuba tobacco seed. Several derives his fine qualities from the Arabian, it is scarceWhen it is well known that the English blood horse snake so severely, that in a few minutes he became requests have been made for it by gentlemen that ly necessary to say any thing in the way of commendaentirely blind, and fell down. He was carried to we are bound, and should always be glad to oblige. tion of this stock. The Darley Arabian was the sire of the house, when a messenger was despatched to Some months since a gentleman stated that he Childers, the fleetest horse in the world, and the Gotown for Dr. James Guild, who, in about an hour had received, or brought home, tobacco seed of this dolphin was the sire of a numerous progeny, unrivalafterwards, re.ched Mr. Banks. At the time of kind, which he would send to the office of the Ame-led in the history of the horse. Almost all the famous his arrival, the boy was suffering the most excruciat-rican Farmer. It has escaped his memory, as his ing agony, when he had a common black or junk bot-name has escaped ours. tle about half filled with the spirits of turpentine, made quite warm, and after scarifying the wound made by the snake, applied the mouth of the bottle to it, and commenced pouting cold water on the bottle, until the contents were perfectly cooled. In about half an hour, and before the bottle was removed from the wound, the boy became perfectly easy, and fell into a sound sleep. Next day he was able to walk about, and the day following he was at work as usual. We would recommend this simple and easy application, as it is in the power of alWho would have thought it, in this enlightened most every one to procure it sooner than almost any other, and its immediate efficacy is a great con- the world," that in a city famed for its Sunday age, when the "spirit of improvement is abroad in sideration. Any spirituous liquor would have the schools, its old and young men's Bible societies, its same effect; and even if that could not be immediactive Colonization societies, its prayer meetings, riding horse, a young MARE, of good size, superior ately procured, warm water would answer a very &c., one of the items of the annual revenue of themium horse; well gaited, &c. She is well calculated to form and carriage, seven-eighths blood; sired by a pregood purpose.-Tuscalocsa Chron. city, should be "nett proceeds arising from the sale make one of the best breeders, for quick draft or the of free negroes," aye, and that too, to an amount saddle, in the state of Maryland. For particulars, inmore than sufficient to defray the expense of "the quire at the office of the American Farmer. relief of the widows and orphans of those who fell in the defence of the city, and exceeding by some hundreds of dollars, the whole amount paid for the support of public schools. Truly this is not only an enlightened, but a very consistent age. THE FARMER BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1828. THE MEADE MEASURER. COMMUNICATION. "STEADY HABITS." P. S. Query-Does the correspondent of the Medical Reporter mean that one fifth part of the whole population in Boston, including women and children, die of drunkenness, or only one fifth part of the men? Surely that is right moderate. Any person wishing to view this horse can see him at the stable of the subscriber, near St. Stephen's church, Sassafras Neck, Cecil county, Md. a Sassafras Neck, 7th Feb. 1828. GIDEON LUSBY. A BROOD MARE FOR SALE. BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. red, 3.50 a 4.00-fine red, 4.00 a 4.50-wrapping, 6.00 a 9.00-Ohio yellow and red, 4.00 a 7.00-Yellow, 7.00 a 20.00. The figure below, represents an implement in vented by R. K. Meade, Esq., one of the best informed and spirited agriculturists of our country, and by him presented to the Board of Trustees of the Maryland Agricultural Society. Its design is to measure the depth of ploughing, which it does with the utmost facility and accuracy, by EASTMAN'S MANUFACTORY OF AGRICUL-ard-street, 5.00 a 5.124; city mills, 4.75; Susquehan placing the foot of it across the bot TURAL IMPLEMENTS. Sales of 200 hhds. Ohio and 100 hhds. Maryland since our last. FLOUR-white wheat family, $6.00 a 6 25-sup. How na, 4.75-CORN MEAL, bbl. 2.62-GRAIN, best red wheat .95 a 97-best white wheat, .95 a 1.10-ordy. to good, No. 36, Pratt-st. Baltimore, opposite the United Hotel. .85 a.95--CORN, .35 a .36-RYE, 45 a 47--OATS, 21 a.23 The subscriber would inform the public, that he has-BEANS, .80 a 1,00-PEAS, .45 a .50-CLOVER seed, on hand, a large assortment of Gideon Davis' improved 4.50 a 5.00--TIMOTHY, 1.75 a 2.00-BARLEY, .60 a .62— Patent PLOUGHS of cast iron and wrought shares, FLAXSEED,.75 a .80--COTTON, Virginia, .94 a.10-Louiwith and without Coulters, Hillside, Substratum and siana, .10 a 13-Alabama, 9 a 12-Mississippi, 10 a Shovel Ploughs, a large stock of Cultivators of superior .13-N. Carolina, .9 a.101-Georgia, .9 a 101-WHIS quality, Harrows, Swingletrees, double and single Corn KEY, in hhds 1st proof, .22-in bbls 23 a 231-WOOL, Shelters, and Washing Machines. Also on hand, as common, unwashed, .15 a. 16-washed, .18 a.20-three usual, his patent Cylindrical Straw Cutters, which have quarter, .25 a 30-full do. .30 a 35-HEMP, Russia, given universal satisfaction, and Brown's Vertical Woolton, $280--Country. dew-rotted, ton, 136 a 140-waterSpinners, Caststeel Axes, Grubbing Hoes, Picks and rotted, 170 a 190-FISH, Shad, Susquehanna, No. 1, bbl. Mattocks, which he warrants of superior quality; very 6 00 a 6.50; do. do. trimmed, 6 50 a 7.00-Herrings, No. superior Oil Stones, saturated with oil-all of which 1, bbl. 2.874 a S.0J; No. 2, 2.624-Mackerel, No. 1, 5.75; will be sold at reasonable prices for cash or acceptan- No. 2, 5 374; No. 3, 4.50-BACON, hams, Balt cured. .9; ces in this city. do Eastern Shore, .124-hog round, cured, .6 a .7Feathers, .26 a .28. His very extensive sales of the above articles for the last three years, is an evidence of the general satisfaction he has given to his numerous customers, and he flatters himself that with the increased pains he has taken in selecting his timber and other materials this season, and also to improve, as much as possible, on the workmanship of his implements, that he will continue to merit the public patronage which has been so liberto express his grateful thanks CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. On Grasses, Letters addressed to G. W. Jeffreys, Esq., from Thomas Gold and Richard Peters-Proceedings at a Quarterly Meeting, and Officers of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Society--Plan for a Fellenberg School, in a Letter addressed to Jonathan Roberts, President of books. Farming, and all connected ally bestowed, and for which he takes this opportunity the Penn. Agric. Soc., from Anthony Morris, Esq.-De therewith, is at its ne plus ultra-Farmers have no more business with improvements in the field than they have with legislation. What bearing can the laws have upon the every day business and concerns of the farmer? Let us eschew all new fangled inventions-all books--and get back to the good old times of wooden ploughs, cow-hide traces, truck wheels, hand mills, &c.--and leave all books to lawyers and doctors, all legislation to those that have been educated, and have a genius for it!!! Orders by mail, (post paid,) will receive prompt at tention. JONATHAN S. EASTMAN. N. B. On hand, nine bushels good MILLET SEED, which will be sold low. FRUIT TREES will be furnished to orders. Implements ordered by any customers, which I do not keep on hand, will be carefully selected and furnished to the orders. J. S. E. THE JONES ARABIAN FOR SALE. von and Shorn Horn Cattle, Inquiry-Culture of Silk in Ohio-Catalogue of the best Grapes cultivated in France--Communication from the President and Directors of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company to Gv. Kent-Poetry, Music-Fox Hunting, The Baltimore Pack, and Potomac Hunt-Rules to choose a Race Horse by his external appearance-On the Liverwort Answers to Queries-Partner wanted in a Cotton Manufactory-The Weather-Inquiries—Recipes--Editorial, Meade's Measurer-Prices. Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. TOY, corner of St. Paul and Market-sts. No. 49.-VOL. 9. AGRICULTURE. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, FEBRUARY 22, 1828. IN CONGRESS-HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Mr. MALLARY, from the Committee on Manufactures, made the following Report, accompanied by a bill in alteration of the several acts imposing duties on imports. The Committee on Manufactures, to which have been referred the numerous petitions and memorials on the subject of further protecting duties upon imports, Report 385 these interests really required, than with the expec- last, and also all the manufacturers and others, who, tation, within the limited time which they had al up to that time had, to the knowledge of the com lowed to themselves for the purpose, of being able mittee, arrived in this city, for the purpose of giv. to collect and report to the house, a body of evi-ing the committee information upon any of the subREPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON MANU-dence upon several important branches of our dojects before them, and after having spent the day, FACTURES. mestic manufactures, so digested and arranged as on Monday of the present week, in the correction to be of any essential service to the house or to the and very hasty arrangement of the testimony tapublic, as a source of correct information upon ken, the committee proceeded to consider and arthese complicated subjects. The amendment, how-range the terms and provisions of the bill they ever, which was made to the resolution by the should report, and a reference to it is made for the house, so as to give to the committee the authority detailed information as to what have been their to send for and examine persons upon oath, in re- conclusions. lation to the present condition of our manufactures, The first subject which will be found in the bill, and to report the minutes of such examination to is that of iron; and considering the importance of this house," it will readily be seen, added greatly to the article, as one of both national and individual That they commenced their examination of the the labour which the committee had proposed for necessity, the changes in the present rates of duty various subjects referred to them, immediately after themselves; as, by that amendment, it was made are comparatively very light. An increase "upon the appointment of the committee was announced the duty of the committee, should they think pro- iron in bars, not manufactured, in whole, or in part, to the house; that they sought in vain, from the do-per to examine witnesses, to take their testimony in by rolling," of from ninety cents upon 112 pounds, cuments referred to them, for information sufficient-detail, and in such order as to render it at least to one cent per pound; upon "iron in bars, manuly specific upon the subjects embraced in those do- passably intelligible to the house. This additional factured in whole or in part by rolling," of 7 dollars cuments, to enable them to determine the effect of labour was in no other way exceptionable to the per ton of 2240 pounds; and upon "pig iron," of the existing laws upon the various interests upon committee, than as it rendered somewhat doubtful 124 cents per 112 pounds beyond the present rates which they were intended to operate; or to mea their ability to give their report to the house within of duty; are the most material changes upon this sure the additional protection which the complain- the time which they had signified that it would be article. Some amendments in the existing law, ing interests required, or their present condition received. But, even under this apprehension, so when evasions of the present duty have been diswould warrant the committee in recommending, desirous were the committee of a full development covered to exist by defects in the wording of the Under this absence of accurate information, and of facts, that the amended resolution met their ap- law, and some additions of duty upon particular constantly busied in searching the voluminous exe- probation: and they entered upon their duties, de- descriptions of iron, and upon particular manufaccutive reports from the treasury department, and termined, if possible, to realize the expectations of tures from it, complete the provisions on this subother state papers, from which is to be learned the the house, so far at least as regarded a report with-ject. situation of our foreign trade, and the character in the time they had indicated. The next subject in order, is that of wool and and amount of our foreign importations, and in ob- They have examined little short of thirty wit-woollens. To these subjects the greater part of taining from that department the returns of that nesses, and the testimony of each, hastily written the testimony of the witnesses has been directtrade, for the last year, the committee waited until out by way of question and answer, and annexed to ed, and the committee have used every effort the petitions and memorials upon which most depen this report, will show what facts have been collect- in their power to obtain precise information as to dence seemed to be placed by the friends of the ed by the examination, as well as the extent of the the facts as they do actually exist in relation to protecting system, had reached their hands, through labour which the committee have performed. The the interests both of the wool grower and the manuthe only authorized channel, to warrant their acting testimony of each witness, after it was taken, has facturer of wool. The real importance of these upon them, and until about the 28th of December been carefully read over with him, and so correct subjects to those sections of the country where last past, when, still finding themselves unsupplied ed, as to meet the full assent of the witness as to its wool is grown, and in which the manufactories are with the precise facts upon which alone they were accuracy. located, the feeling which has for some time agitatwilling to act upon the important and highly re- The leading subjects presented to the committee ed the public mind throughout the whole country, sponsible subjects committed to their charge, they for additional protection, are iron and several ma- in relation, on the one side, to the necessity of furcame to the resolution of submitting their difficul-nufactures of it, wool and its fabrics, hemp and ther protection to them, and on the other side, to ties to the house, and of asking the power to send some of the manufactures from it, flax and its ma the injurious effects which such a measure would for persons and papers, which would enable them nufactures, and domestic distilled spirits from grain, have upon the purchasers of woollen fabrics, have to determine, with precision and certainty, the true particular descriptions of glass, and fine and print- all conspired to induce this exertion on the part of condition of those interests, and more especially of ed cottons. Upon all these subjects witnesses have the committee. They have, therefore, made the those manufacturing interests which had preferred been examined, and their testimony, herewith re-examinations of the witnesses upon those subjects their claims for protection to the national legisla-ported, comprises the evidence, upon each subject, as minute as possible, and perhaps, in some instanwhich the committee have taken under the resolu- ces, they may appear tediously so. Indeed, many This resolution was presented to the house on tion of the house, and embodies most of the infor- of the questions put to the witnesses, will afford the first day of its session, after the committee mation upon which they have acted, in determin-abundant evidence that the committee had not sufadopted it, and on its passage no time was lost in ing the features of the bill which they have agreed ficient practical knowledge upon the subjects before learning the names of witnesses for whom it should, upon. them, to enable them to make a series of interrogaThe examinations of witnesses by the committee tions, the answers to which would place the testiin the opinion of the committee, be desirable to send, and despatching summonses by mail, to be were not closed until Saturday night last, and Mon- mony taken in the clearest light. And when the day of the present week was entirely occupied in members of the house shall have examined the eviThis labour being performed, the committee at correcting and arranging the testimony taken, and dence relating to the manufacture of woollen goods, once began their examinations of such witnesses, which had not been corrected, thus leaving but two the committee cannot doubt they will be entirely members of the house and others, as were within days to them to digest their bill, and prepare this convinced that none but a person intimately actheir reach, and believed to be possessed of valua- hasty report. Under these circumstances, it cannot quainted with the various operations, could have ble and practical information upon any of the sub- be expected that a minute examination of the va-drawn out a series of questions upon this subject, jects before them. The examination of these wit-rious subjects included in the bill prepared by the susceptible of clear and intelligible answers. The nesses was not completed, when the arrival of some, committee, will be gone into; much less that a dis- time of the committee did not authorise even an atattending under summonses, was announced. An cussion of the great question involved in the system tempt to do this, and, therefore, the examinations, application was then immediately made to the house of extending protection to the languishing interests and particularly of some of the witnesses first exfor leave to sit during the hours of the session of of the country, by an increase of duties upon im-amined, will appear as they were really taken-the the house; and nearly every day since that leave ports, will be attempted. The former would be a one answer, in many, if not in most instances, sugwas granted, has been entirely occupied, to the task requiring time and care, combined with exten-gesting the subsequent question. It will also be almost total neglect of other public and private du- sive research; and the latter, even if time were al- found, upon an examination of the testimony, that ties, in the laborious examination of witnesses, pur-lowed to the committee, is a subject much better the manufacture of woollens is hardly susceptible suant to the resolution under which the committee suited to a discussion in this house, than in the re- of being reduced within the limits of exact mathewere acting. It is but justice here to remark, that port of one of its committees. matical calculation, so as to enable the committee the original expectation of the committee, under to arrive, with this kind of certainty, at the amount the resolution offered by them to the house, was to of duty which will furnish full protection, and have made an expeditious inquiry into the situation at the same time will not go beyond that point. of one or two manufacturing interests, rather to Certain positions, however, they believe to be provenable them to determine what further protectioned pursuant to summonses, up to Saturday nighted by the evidence they have taken, which furnish No. 49.-VOL. 9. ture. served. The committee, therefore, do not attempt to go into the reasons which have governed them, but merely to give a concise history of their doings. After examining all the witnesses who had attend great assistance in approaching to correct conclu sions. 6th. That the present duty upon woollen goods does not furnish the desired protection, and that no reasonable duty can be effectual, unless it be a specific square yard, instead of an ad valorem duty. low ranges, and will fairly supply the place of the In relation to unmanufactured wool of domestic growth, the committee consider it to be fully proved that the present prices in our markets, are unusually low, and the sales very dull; and that these effects are produced by the combined influence of the large importations of foreign wool, and the excessive importations of foreign woollen goods. Contrary to the opinions of some of the witnesses, the committee are strongly convinced that the provisions of the present law, permitting the introduction of for eign wool, costing not exceeding ten cents per pound in the foreign market, at the almost nominal duty of fifteen per cent. ad valorem, does admit wool paying this duty, and invoiced at and below this price, which, in quality and use, materially conflicts with the common native wool of this country. This opinion is strongly corroborated by the presentation, by one of the witnesses, to the committee, of five different specimens of foreign wool, imported into, and during the last fall selling in the Boston market, at from six cents to fourteen cents per pound. The foreign invoices of all these wools were at a price not exceeding ten cents per pound, and consequently paid but a duty of fifteen per cent. ad valorem. At least two of these specimens of wool, the committee believe, when properly cleansed, would clearly appear to be equal in quali ty to the common native wool of the United States; and the very rapid increase in the importations of these low qualities of wool, since the passage of the tariff bill of 1824, furnishes the strongest reason to conclude that they are supplying the demand, and answering the uses which the coarse wools of our country would, in most cases, well supply; and that the foreign article is sought because, by means of the very low duty it now pays, it can be obtain ed at a less price than the domestic. There are also strong reasons for believing that, by importing several qualities of foreign wools in the grease and dirt, they are invoiced at a price not exceeding ten cents per pound, when, if the same wools were cleansed, as the foreign wools usually are for the market, they would necessarily be invoiced at a much higher price; and that, in this way, the spirit of the law of 1824 is, to a very considerable extent, evaded. The law of 1824 imposed upon wool, costing in the foreign market a price exceeding ten cents per pound, a progressive duty, commencing at 20 per cent. ad valorem, and ending at 30 per cent. ad valorem. This duty reached reached its The maximum on the 1st day of June, 1826. question, then, as to the manner in which these low priced wools could be effectually reached, without imposing an exorbitant duty upon the higher and finer qualities, was first to be determined. And the bill herewith reported, will shew that the conclusion of the committee has been to impose a specific duty of seven cents per pound upon all foreign wool, without regard to its quality, and to retain, at the same time, the ad valorem duty, with a proposition to increase it from 30 per cent. the present duty, to 40 per cent., and to make it progressive, at an increase of five per cent. per annum, to fifty per cent, and applicable to all kinds of wool. These alterations, if adopted by Congress, will operate proportionably more heavily upon the coarse than upon the fine wools. But the committee suffer little apprehension from this fact, because they consider it satisfactorily proved that the capacity of this country to produce wool is only to be limited by the demand for the article; that the manufacturers they have examined are using much the largest share of the finer wools; that the coarse wools of this country are little sought, because foreign wools of a 5th. That if the cost of the wool and the cost of coarser quality, and answering the same uses, are the foreign materials used for dying, were the same procured at lower prices; and that, in the assort-in both countries, the process in manufacturing the ment of the wools of this country, for the purposes wool into cloth, fitted for the market, can be perof manufacturing, a larger share will fall within the formed as cheap in this country as it can in England. The following positions, as relating to the manufacture of woollen goods, the committee believe themselves warranted in deducing, from the evi dence they have taken, and they depend upon the evidence and opinions of the witnesses for the soundness of them: 1st. That the manufacture of woollen goods in this country is, at this time, a business labouring under severe depressions, and attended with loss more severe upon the finer qualities. (To be concluded in our next.) (Communicated for the American Farmer, by J. BUEL.) The experiments with this grain were conducted in the same manner as those with wheat and barley. Fourteen experiments were made in the broadcast method, part under common, and part under Under the first there were two 2d. That these depressions are owing, in a very 3d. That the difference between the prices of 4th. That the cost of the raw wool in this country is about one half of the cost of the fabric, when prepared for the market, as a general rule applying to most kinds of cloths. In experiments, which gave forty-five and sixty bushels the acre-one of which was after lucerne, and the other after turnips, manured with hog dung. cluding these, the results under the common manAverage expense per acre, agement, were: Do. Do. 21. 1s. 1d. 25 bus. 1 p. product, do. do. profit, 12s. 3d. Under the improved culture, the ground was either manured for oats, or highly so for the preceding crops, which were ameliorating ones, such as turnips, &c. In two cases, the grounds were in fallow the whole of the preceding season. The ploughings were three, four, ten and eleven. The result as follows: Average expense per acre, 5l. 17s. 8d. Do. product, Do. profit, 41. 10s. do. do. 91 bus. Here we again perceive the advantages of ma nure and pulverization, the profit being nearly seven times as great as in the slovenly method; and if we exclude the two crops which followed lucerne and turnips, the improved is ten times more profitable than the common. The perfection consists in nothing but the quantity of common means." Quantity of seed.-The results of six experiments bush. pecks. were as follow: 24 bushels seed an acre, gave 10 22 2 do. do. 13 3 41 do. do. 17 2 6 do. do. 20 25 culture. It is rather a precarious crop with us, and This cotton and the sugar cane. One hand, with the portion of corn necessary to be raised on a farm, I will repeat what I have elsewhere stated, that connected with other incidental circumstances, will good husbandry does not require the repeated not raise more than 6000 pounds of cotton, which, ploughings in the United States that it does in when ginned and packed, is equal to 1500 pounds; Great Britain; dry do not require so many as moist this sold, say at eight cents, amounts to $120 soils; nor light so many as heavy. The object of calculation, we conceive, on an average, will be The experiments in the drill system resulted in ploughing is to break down and pulverize the earthy found to be more than is realized. Five acres of an absolute loss of 21. 11s. 4d. on the acre, and of matter, that the roots of plants may penetrate free-sugar cane, the quantity we allow to one hand, will, course was infinitely inferior to the broadcast me-ly;-to mix and blend the manure, or food of vege- according to a previous calculation, nett 5000 lbs. thod. tables, with the soil, that it may more readily be of sugar, which, sold at eight cents per pound, is converted into aliment, and find more ready access equal to $400, being $280 more to the hand than is to the mouths of plants;-and lastly, to render the realized from cotton. The molasses is omitted to soil more open and pervious to air, heat, light, and be included with the sugar, being left as set off moisture, the great agents for preparing vegetable against the incidental expenses attending the latter. food and rendering it subservient to vegetable de The great difference in profit between the two artivelopment. The climate of Great Britain is more cles is then manifest; and to the agriculturist of humid, and less warm than with us, and conse- Alabama we would say, "How long wilt thou sluiquently more labour is required there to "pulverize ber?" It has been a subject of some contention, as the soil, and render it pervious to these agents, than to the number of hands that would have necessawith us. The oxygen of the atmosphere, heat and rily to be employed on one farm. Few have atmoisture, are essential to fermentation, the process tempted sugar on a small scale; but the correctness which converts vegetable and animal matter into of the opinion may be doubted, that only very large the food of vegetables. When the surface of the capitals can be employed to advantage on a sugar soil becomes baked, or compact, by alternate rains farm. No good reason, except we admit custom as Time of sowing-The experiments conclusively and sunshine, these agents are excluded, and the logic, can be given why five, ten, or fifteen men, show, that the earliest sowing (in February,) had a supply of food to the plant is consequently dimin may not make a proportional quantity of sugar, as particular advantage over all that was sown subse-ished or wholly suspended. This compactness of well as of cotton or corn. When the subject is exquently. the surface prevails most in moist and clayey soils, amined seriously and separately, the rich reward The result of these experiments, I must confess, and hence they require more labour to bring them that is promised to the farmer of Alabama, from have quite altered my opinion of the profits of the into proper condition than dry silicious and calca the culture of the sugar cane, will not appear deMy error arose from the fact, that oats reous soils. The atmosphere is filled with the food lusive. are generally sown upon lands where no other crop of vegetables, in a gaseous form, and the dews are of grain will grow to advantage, and which receives strongly impregnated with it. A porous surface, or but inadequate tillage. But it seems that labour one naturally compact, but kept loose by art, freely and manure will render this crop more profitable admits both these to the roots of plants. Hence the than one of wheat-the product of oats being near-utility of hoeing and stirring the soil, even in the ly quadruple that of wheat under improved culture, driest weather. "Plants are very much benefitted and the price of the former, in our market, ranging by having oxygen applied to their roots, being 13 do. do. do. 20 Thus seven bushels of seed was found to be the best quantity. oat crop. from one third to one half that of the latter. vantage. CONQUEST AND IMPROVEMENTS; Extract from Arthur Young's Agricultural Travels found to consume more than their own volume of "When Louis XIV. beggared his people in order The usual quantity of seed sown by our farmers, that gas in twenty-four hours; and, when applied to place a grandson of France on the throne of is two bushels the acre. The remarks I made in by Mr. Hill to the roots of melons, hyacinths, &c, Spain, and to acquire Flanders and Alsace, he regard to wheat tilling better here than in Eng the first were found to be improved in flavour, the would have rendered his kingdom infinitely richer, land, applies to all the small grains My practice second in beauty, and all in vigour."-Hort. Trans. more prosperous, and more powerful, had he banhas been limited in regard to oats, having been vol. 1, page 233. Oxygen, your readers must all ished the naked fallows from half a dozen of his prejudiced against them; but I suspect we may in-know, is a constituent of the atmosphere. Light provinces, or introduced turnips in some others. crease the quantity of seed with pretty certain ad- soils are easily pulverized, and are so porous as at There is scarcely a step he could have taken in such all times freely to admit the pervasion of the atmos improvements of his agriculture, which would not Early sowing has a manifest advantage with us; phere; and therefore, by this extra exposure, (fre- have given him more subjects and more wealth than oats deteriorate as the climate becomes warmer; quent ploughings,) the vegetable and animal re-any of his conquered provinces, every acre of which their most favourable climate seems to be the north mains are hastened in decomposing, and much of was purchased at the expense of ten of his old of England, Scotland. and corresponding latitudes. their fertile constituents evolved in the state of gas, acres rendered waste or unproductive; nor was one They are heavier in Great Britain than in the Unit or carried away by the rain, &c., without there be-Fleming or German added to his subjects, but at ed States-better in the northern than in the mid- ing any crop upon them to benefit by them. Thus the expense of five Frenchmen." dle states, and light in proportion to the delay in theory argues, and practice certainly seems to supplacing the seed in the ground. The study of our port, in this instance, her doctrines. Switzer, one farmers, therefore, should be to remedy the defects of our horticultural classics, says: "Rich heavy of climate, by selecting, for this grain, cool moist ground cannot well be ploughed too often to make grounds, and by sowing as early as the frost will ad- light; as light, poor ground cannot be ploughed mit. The ground should be prepared in autumn; too seldom, for fear of impoverishing it."-Ichno and upon light or warm soils, this makes a good graphia Rustica, vol. 3, p. 237. My own practice, fallow crop upon a grass ley. They are gross feed-upon sandy loams, is, to plough but once for a crop, ers, and exhausting, and will be benefitted by the and to have the seed follow the plough as soon as practicable. Albany, Feb. 8, 1828. Dear Sir,-Almost a continual absence from home since the receipt of your letter, is the only apology I have to offer for delay in answering your inquiries respecting the different kinds of apples, The editor of the Alabama Journal, printed at mode of planting trees, trimming, succession of or3 17 3 Montgomery, has written a series of articles, in chards, making and fining of cider, that I have 8 12 4 which he recommends the citizens of Alabama to adopted or most approve of. In the selection of 3 turn their attention to the raising of the sugar cane, fruit, after collecting such kinds as is necessary for 7 asserting that the present price of cotton will no family consumption, or for market, (if within the longer warrant its cultivation. The discovery of vicinity of one,) avoid variety, as they tend rather to cotton, he observes, was, perhaps, the greatest im-muse than remunerate—if made into cider, produce provement ever made in clothing, unlike the sugar a kind of solomon grundy. (or wretched compound,) cane, it is unlimited by difference of soil or climate which in the market, produces from one to two dolin our southern country. lars per barrel, and worth from five to ten to drink Let us for a moment, says he, draw a compara-it. If you want fine and superior cider, it is a netive view of the profits arising from the culture of cessary to have superior apples, and of one kind to 8 10 9 Two other experiments resulted in a loss The fourth experiment was made after turnips, and the seventh after cabbages, both well manured and the soil finely pulverized Hence even buckwheat, the very refuse crop of the farmer, is sensible to good usage, and amply repays for extra attention in its |