FLORIDA SUGAR. in his approach to scenes, 'able to drive all sadness A gentleman from Florida, has left with us a sam-which the charms of nature exert over the mind and but despair'-a forcible illustration of the influence, ple of sugar made on the plantation of colonel Henry the heart. Who would not prefer to gilded palaces Yonge, of Gadsden county, East Florida. That part and regal couches, such a bower as that in which the of Florida, in which this sugar was made, was a wil. derness when the territory passed from the Spanish parents of the human race reposed? to the United States government; indeed, colonel Thus talking, hand in hand alone they passed Yonge, who has only resided there three years, was On to their blissful bower: it was a place among the first settlers. It is now rapidly settling All things to man's delightful use: the roof Chosen by the sovereign Planter, when he fram'd by intelligent and enterprizing men, who are turning of thickest covert was inwoven shade, their attention to the cultivation of sugar, and a sam- Laurel and myrtle, and what higher grew ple of the result of the first experiment is that now Of firm and fragrant leaf: on either side before us, which is a specimen of a crop of thirty Acanthus, and each odorous bushy shrub, barrels made last year by colonel Yonge. The sugar Fenced up the verdant wall: each bounteous flower appears to us to be superior to that of Louisiana, in Iris, all hues, roses, and jessamine, strength, though its colour is not so fine as some of Rear'd high their flourish'd heads between, and wrought the latter, owing to its having been packed up be- Mosaic: under foot the violet, fore the molasses was sufficiently drained off. Its fla-Crocus and hyacinth, with rich inlay vour is peculiarly delicate, resembling that of candy; Of costliest emblem."" Broider'd the ground, more colour'd than with stone and, indeed, its granulation seems to have been more a process of crystalization, than that of any sugar we have seen, the particles being uncommonly large, transparent, and perfectly formed crystals. From the gentleman who favoured us with the sample, we J. S. SKINner, Esq. learn, that the experiment thus far has demonstra Sir.-As notices of large fruits seem now to be ted, that an acre of land which would yield twenty quite the order of the day, I will annex a few nobushels of corn, will turn out a hogshead, or a thou-tices that have met my eye, and which may be consand pounds of sugar, the molasses paying the ex-sidered interesting. In Loudon's Magazine, No. 6, pense of cultivation, and the sugar being worth to p. 243, notice is made of a pear presented to the the planter, upon au average, seven cents a pound. London Horticultural Society, by a person of the Nearly all the land in that part of Florida, and pro-Isle of Jersey, which weighed 44 ounces, and meabably the greater part of the whole territory, is ca- sured 16 inches in circumference, and ten inches pable of producing the same results. What an im- from the top to its base. This pear was thought by portant item will not this be to add to our national some to be the Rateau gris, but it was finally deci LARGE FRUITS. Linnæan Botanic Garden, near New York, INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD. To the President and Directors of the Baltimore and Ohio (Concluded from p. 263.) ' Independent of the trade which the Baltimore rail-road may draw to the Ohio river, and from it, it seems to the undersigned, that very strong inducements will be found within Virginia, for the examination and adoption of the line which they have indicated. On its margin, are the Kanawha salt works, now manufacturing upwards of 600,000 bushels of salt per annum, of an improved quality, while many of the furnaces are withdrawn from the operation, for the purpose of keeping the quantity within the demand The apparent inexhaustible supply of water, highly impregnated with salt; and of coal, the only fuel used in its evaporation, warrants the belief, that the quantity of manufactured salt, may be increased to any amount for which a fair demand may be made. The present and inspected, is sold at twenty five cents per bushel diminished quantity, after being barrelled, nailed of fifty pounds weight. If we assume one dollar per ton, for each hundred miles, as the price of transportation, Kanawha salt may be purchased at delivered in Baltimore at less than forty cents per the place of manufacture, at its present price, and bushel; that the intermediate country would receive of question. The mountains of Virginia, rich in its entire supply from this source, scarcely admits fossils and minerals, and her forests clothed with ded to be the Uvedale's St. Germain. Jersey, advertised last year that a pear could be This region abounds with iron and coal: the first, The editor of a paper at New Brunswick, New almost all the varieties of valuable timber, would furnish inexhaustible supplies for transportation. seen at his office, weighing 401 ounces, and measur ing sixteen inches in circumference, which he sta- road and the engines; the latter equally necessary an important material in the construction of the ted was raised on the farm of captain Munroe, near to their cheap and effective operation; and both furthat place. In France they consider the following nishing almost endless employment for the road and as their largest pears, viz: Quarante onces, or Forty its carriages. ounces, Bon Chretien Furc, Gros Rateau gris, ChapExtract from Mr. Carter's Address to the New York tal, Tonneau, Tresor d'Amour, Angelique de Bor-employment to the railway. The western counties of Agriculture must also contribute a large quota of deaux, Calebasse, and the different winter Bon Chre-Virginia, although distinguished for their lofty hills, tiens. Frequent notices have appeared of exceed"Impressed as I am with a firm belief, that ornamental gardening is more compatible with the sim-ingly large apples produced in Pennsylvania, New are not less noted for their fertile vallies; and by plicity of our republican institutions, than are most Jersey, on the Hudson river, and on Long Island. pursuing the course of the Shenandoah river, the fine valley of that name must contribute, of itself, others of the fine arts-that it has a more salutary called New York Gloria Mundi, Monstrous Pippin for another source of commerce and of wealth, The most of these refer to the same fruit, which is a rich and active trade. But may we not look still influence on the mind and feelings, while at the same and Ox apple. A fruit of this kind was once exhi- which this southera line can only secure to the city time it contributes essentially to the external beauty bited in the New York market, weighing 35 ounces; of Baltimore? Lateral railways must necessarily of a country, I feel a peculiar solicitude that it should and great numbers are sold there which weigh from follow the completion and successful operation of receive a proper direction, and become a more pro- 20 to 25 ounces. The Baltimore apple, which oriminent object of attention. "It is worthy of remark, that we first find man, by the London Horticultural Society, is secondary which a lateral branch, conducted up the great the main stem; and by conducting the latter as far ginated in your vicinity, and which has been noticed south as Staunton, a point would be gained from pure from the hands of his Creator, placed in a garin size to the one just named. The largest apple valley of Virginia to Abngdon and Knoxville, would den, as such a retreat was most conducive to health, mentioned in the European publications is the Me-introduce a trade from the south-west, the value of sence of the Deity himself bailowed the paradise henagère, a Russian fruit, which I have now under cul- which the merchants of Baltimore are best able to innocence, and happiness Even the peculiar prehad made. His image there appeared and his voice ture, but which has not yet produced fruit with me. estimate. Its further elongation, might render Balwas heard in the cool of the day.' And may not the name of Kirefskot, which he states to exist in Rus-vallies of the Cumberland and the Tennessee. Morse, in his geography, describes an apple under timore the market town for the inhabitants of the his footsteps still be traced in the garden-impress-sia, and to weigh four pounds: and it was in endea The undersigned will not attempt to review the resources-what a pillar to our independence-how HORTICULTURE. Horticultural Society. ed on the dewy leaf and opening flower?-And is not his voice yet heard in the chorus of the woods,vouring to obtain this, that I received the Mena-probable effects that must folow to Baltimore, to in the fall of the fountain and the whispers of the gère, which they stated as surpassing all their other the country in whose trade she proposes to partici breeze? "In every system of religion, Pagan, Jewish, Mahomedan, and Christian, a paradise or garden is made the abode of the blest. The most prominent objects in the elysium of the poets were bowers for ever green, flowery vales, pure streams, an air breathing fragrance, and groves vocal with the melody of birds: Locos lætos, et amœna vireta Fortunatorum nemorum, sedesque beatas. "With Milton's gorgeous description of Eden my auditors are doubtless familiar. He makes even the arch fiend himself feel a momentary gleam of joy, apples in point of size. I will on another occasion take notice of the large dividuals who have contributed the funds, by the pate, or to the fortunes of those public spirited injudicious location and happy completion of this gigantic work. When they contemplate this great avenue of commerce, one end resting on the shore of the Chesapeake, the other on the margin of the Ohio; ramifications and auxiliary channels, drawing to it the commerce of the west, from the farthest lakes on the one hand, and perhaps from the Tennessee and Missouri rivers on the other, they are struck with admiration and respect for the nobly enlarged and patriotic minds that conceived, and are now preparing to carry into effect so beneficent a mea sure; one so calculated to improve the condition tion be reduced to one dollar per ton per hundred the river, and to the practicability of forming a road of all within its influence, and so happily calculated miles, the towns on the Chesapeake and its tributa- near its margin. I found the cliffs very high, and to add to the durability of the Union. ries, would be inadequate in commercial capital, in some places almost perpendicular, but I think, Returning to the subject of more immediate con- to the influx of business, which they would transact that in every part of the ravine, I found sufficient sideration, we advert to the act of the Virginia le- with the transmountain country. space between the margin of the stream and the gislature, directing that the Baltimore rail-road shall In looking to the legislature of Virginia, as the base of the cliffs, for a road of from thirty to forty not strike the Ohio river at a point lower down than source of this limitation, the undersigned can per-feet in width. the mouth of the Little Kanawha. Whether this ceive no possible motive for her adhering to it. If The fragments of rocks lying between the water restriction formed part of the Baltimore application, she designed, at some future period, to resume her and the cliffs, (evidently precipitated to their preor whether it was inserted as a feature of Virginia purpose of participating in the trade of the west, sent situation on the disrupture of the mountain by policy, we are not informed. If it may be traced to by connecting her eastern and western rivers; and the force of the water in past ages,) formed the the first source, the undersigned suppose it must was unwilling, for that reason, to give up to the principal impediments to the opening of an ordinahave been suggested by the opinion, that in no Baltimore Rail-road Company, her central line ry road. This accumulation of stone at the foot of event, a more southern route would be desirable. of intercourse; she has defeated such ulterior pur- the cliffs would, however, probably constitute a faHow far this opinion is likely to prove correct, the pose by permitting that company to come to the cility rather than an impediment to the forming of company will now be better prepared to decide. upper Kanawha, a point within less than forty a road, on which railways are to be placed. These That fears may be entertained of a loss of trade to miles in a straight line of Point Pleasant; and by rocks are of the kind usually denominated sand, or Baltimore, by passing the valley of Jackson's river, authorizing an almost parallel line of commercial free stone; they split with ease into any form or is readily conceived; but how far this apprehension communication. But Virginia could have no such size, and equally resist the influence of water or air. ought to weigh against the many advantages which narrow purpose; she could not have acted upon Their positions, I think, will generally be found fathis line presents, will be tested by the following ex- such selfish and futile views: her population is al-vourable to their use in constructing walls on the amination. At Covington, Richmond and Balti- most exclusively agricultural, and so far would re-water side, for giving to the road a level bed, and more are about equi-distant. By the valley of the ceive the same benefit, whether the product of their for furnishing the supporting blocks where the joints Jackson and the James river, the first is two hun-industry found a market in Baltimore, or in Rich- of the rails meet; and would seldom require any dred and fifty-four miles; by the route which is mond. So also of that part of her population who other means than a moveable crane for putting them here recommended, the latter is two hundred and are devoting their capital and enterprise to manu- in place. fifty-seven miles. Whether Virginia will, at some facturing; and to suspect her of sacrificing these I have looked over so much of the reports of future day, resume her line of improvement towards great interests of the community, because the mer- Judge Marshall and Mr. Moore as relates to this the west or not, is a question which the undersign-cantile profit was not also secured to the common-section of New river; and while I entertain the ed are not prepared to answer. The abandonment wealth, would be unworthy of the character of the most profound respect for the opinions of those disof the work which she commenced with so much state. To her statesmen it must be apparent, that tinguished citizens, I can but think that the novelty apparent zeal, and the present deplorable apathy the greatest possible benefits must be conferred, on of the scenery in which they were placed, and the manifested in the councils of the state, gives but the largest portion of her citizens, by pursuing with dangers which presented themselves in the perilous slight ground to hope for more fortunate exertions the Baltimore rail-road the route which has been navigation which they had undertaken, and to which hereafter. The expense of completing the improve-here recommended; and that by its adoption, and their surveys were mainly directed, must have conment of her central communication with the west, improvement alone, she can anticipate the diversion tributed to heighten the difficulties which they as high up as Covington, by an independent canal, of any part of the western trade to her capital. ascribe to the shores. And as the impressions apis estimated by her engineers at $4,750,000. By The undersigned, therefore, think that no difficulty parently made on their minds, differ from those locks and dams, at $1.752.400. Should public spi-can be experienced on applying to the legislature of which I received, from an examination of the shores rit, however, again prevail in her legislature, suffi- Virginia, to remove this restriction; either prepara-themselves as to the reasonable practicability of cient to induce her encountering this expense, and tory to the examination of the line, or for the more forming a road along this ravine, with an equal ancompleting her communication to meet the Balti-important purpose of adopting it as the course of gle of ascent corresponding with that of the water, more line at Covington; with perfect equality and the rail-road. Indeed, so deeply is Virginia inte- I can but hope that a more minute and careful exfacilities in each, what portion of the trade destined rested in the great work now under consideration, amination will take place, and its fitness and capato that city, would probably be diverted to the me and in giving it a proper direction, that the under-city for improvement by a rail-road better ascertropolis of Virginia? Baltimore already possesses signed can but anticipate from her every liberality tained. a commercial capital, far beyond that of Richmond; which the Baltimore Company may have occasion Judge Marshall, speaking of this section of the giving steadiness of demand and uniformity of price, to ask, whether in relation to the location of the river, saith, "in some places, for a mile or more in to all articles reaching her market and as mercan-main stem, or of the lateral branches of the rail-continuation, it is compressed by the mountains on tile profit is invariably less, pro rata, when large road; and that if necessary, she will liberally con- each side into a channel from twenty to sixty yards operations are carried on, than when small transac- tribute her funds in aid of an enterprise which must wide;" and in another part remarks, "there are unetions take place, the venders of commodities will confer great value on her unproductive mountains, quivocal indications of the river having risen in these find the double inducement of uniformity of demand and double the available products of nearly one half narrows from thirty to forty feet perpendicular." and improvement in price, conducting them to the of her territory. Mr. Moore, I find, employs the following lanmost extensive market. Baltimore is almost on the guage: Below Bowyer's ferry the scene is consiverge of the bay, with a foreign commerce rarely derably changed; tremendous cliffs, from five to seinterrupted by frosts or winds, and in which the ven or eight hundred feet in height, generally form largest ships may readily approach her wharves. the boundaries of this frightul ravine; these are so Richmond is one hundred and fifty miles from continuous, that in one part for four miles in extent Hampton Roads, a crooked river to navigate, which the river is entirely unapproachable by man, from is often closed by ice, and is obstructed by bars, either side. Confined within these rugged limits to which prevent large vessels from ascending above a very narrow space, the water sometimes rises to Berinuda Hundred. But let us suppose what we the extraordinary height of fifty feet, notwithstandshould be very much gratified to witness, that Viring the great fall in its bed." The height ascribed ginia, aroused by the patriotism and enterprise of to the cliffs, their proximity on the opposite sides of her sister Maryland, should form a canal, or rail-A letter from Col. David Ruffner to Judge Summers. the river, the extraordinary rise of the water, and road, from Covington to Richmond, and remove the want of space between the base of the cliffs the obstructions that impede her course to the sea: I take pleasure in answering your inquiries so far and the margin of the river are all at variance with would not this circumstance, by insuring to the as my recollections and knowledge serves me at the impressions which I received from personal exwest a competition in the eastern market, greatly this time. Some years ago, while acting as a com-amination. I remarked no indications, by which I conduce to the enlargement of the general mass of missioner under an appointment by the legislature was induced to ascribe a greater elevation to the commerce, which would receive an eastern direc- of Virginia, to open a road by Bowyer's ferry to water by freshets than twenty or twenty-five feet; tion, and pour into the Chesapeake, at each end of the falls of Kanawha, I examined the shores of New the narrowest parts of the river appear to me to be the bay, streams of trade with which the growth of river, between these points, in company with Major from fifty to seventy-five yards; beside, the spaces Baltimore and of Richmond would scarcely keep Hansford and others. Although our principal pur- between the water and the cliffs and the width which pace, and for which the growing capit of both pose was to examine how far it was practicable to I thought might be gained for a road, I have already combined, would scarcely provide? And although improve the navigation, my employment in locating stated. Whether a greater familiarity with the the undersigned may subject themselves to the and constructing the road, confided to my superin-wild and savage aspects presented by our rivers, charge of temerity, they will not refrain from the tendance, with some experience in road making, in where they seem to have burst the barriers which expression of the opinion, that should transporta- duced more than ordinary attention to the shores of apparently once obstructed their courses, may have Signed, PHILIP R THOMPSON, JAMES C. M.FARLAND, JAMES A. LEWIS, Cor. Sec. Kanawha county, July 20, 1827. Dear Sir, Kanawha Salines, July 28, 1827. Committee. rendered me less sensible to the full force of the country and in Europe, we deemed it advisable to learned physician has justly remarked, "become difficulties, which they present to improvement for employ ourselves in the first instance, in collecting soft and spongy; whereas, in the duly exercised, they commercial purposes; or whether the highly re-additional knowledge in relation to the best plans of are as hard, tough, and compact as ivory." For fe spectable gentlemen, whose reports I have noticed, constructing this description of roads, and the most males, in particular, daily and properly regulated exfrom being more familiar with the comparatively efficient and economical means of employing a ercise is requisite; and in those who do not attend placid streams and slight undulations of our eastern moving power upon them. It affords me sincere to this, the body and the mind equally become weak country, may have been led to overrate the difficul pleasure to inform you, that much very valuable in- and diseased: let us, therefore, endeavour to ascerties to be encountered, does not become me to de- formation upon these points has already been ac-tain, first, the quantity of exercise which the female cide; but I will not refrain from a repetition of the quired, and that we are daily collecting more facts, form can admit of with impunity; and secondly, hope that these conflicting opinions may be tested which greatly confirm our confidence of success. those kinds of exercise which are best adapted for by careful and skilful examinations. The government of the United States have ex-preserving it in a state of health, in girls and in tended very important assistance to this company, young women under twenty years of age. by detaching to its service several of the most able 1. Of the quantity of exercise proper for girls and and efficient members of the Topographical corps. young women-The propriety of apportioning the These gentlemen are now actively engaged in mak- quantity of exercise to the strength and habit of the ing the necessary reconnoisances preparatory to the individual, is so very obvious, that it appears almost surveying and locating of the road; and we flatter ridiculous to mention it; yet there is no rule so freourselves with the hope that we shall have so far quently overlooked, and so often broken. In schools, matured our plans as to be able to commence the ac- in particular, young and delicate girls are forced to tual construction of the rail-road in the course of walk the same distance, to undergo the same exerthe ensuing spring. cises, and to dance for the same number of hours, as the older and more robust girls; the consequence of which is, an impaired state of health; for as muscular action cannot go on but at the expense of the living power, too much of it must produce injurious exhaustion; and thence the strong desire of lounging, arising from a wish to obtain relief from muscular fatigue. This, in addition to the constrained attitude of sitting very erect, which equally exhausts the energy of the muscles of the back, is a very frequent cause of a diseased curvature of the spine. It may not be out of place to notice here the great error of conceiving that grace consists in a perfectly erect position of the back, or spinal chain. Along the ravine of New river, I did not observe any veins of coal, but the general formation indicates its existence. Near the great falls of Kanawha it is discovered in beds rich and extensive. Constructing what is called the Loup road over Gauley mountain, I found it frequent and abundant. I know not of the existence of any large masses of iron ore near this section of the river; nor have I heard of any examinations made in this quarter for its discovery; it is, however, frequently perceived on the surface of the ground, in combination with sand stones; and chalybeate springs are not uncommon. Whether these indications warrant a belief that it may be found in sufficient quantities for useful purposes, mineralogists will be best able to decide. Permit me to assure you of my sincere and respectful esteem and regard. P. E. THOMAS, President. To Philip R. Thompson, The proprietors of the property at the Great falls believe that large quantities exist in that neighbourhood, but I do not know that any examinations or experiments have been made to verify the accuracy of these opinions. The peculiar adaptedness of the falls for every species of water works, and the advantageous uses to which they may be appli ed, in aid of the improvement now contemplated, Or the quantity of EXERCISE PROPER FOR GIRLS Nothing is more at variance with the natural state will not, I am sure, escape observation. With much respect and consideration, I am, dear sir, Your very humble and obed't serv't, Office of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road LADIES' DEPARTMENT. AND YOUNG WOMEN. 'Tis such fools as you That make the world full of ill-favour'd children; Shakspeare. of the part, which is that of the graceful curve, which artists denominate the line of beauty; and it is this state which renders it a safe support to the head, by yielding to every movement, and preventing that jar to the brain which any sudden step in walking or in dancing would cause, were the bones of the spine placed perpendicular on one another; whereas, from the natural curvature which it possesses, it acts like a spring, and thus both grace and security are attained. No absurdity is greater than that which associates female beauty with great delicacy of body and de bility of constitution. If beauty, as the term is understood in Europe, may be defined the highest de- The safest rule for exercising young girls, is to gree of perfection of which the human frame is sus- leave the quantity of exercise to their own feelings ceptible, every deviation from this condition must of fatigue; and this can only be effected by allowThe very interesting information which this do- diminish the pretensions of the individual; and it ing them to run and enjoy the same exercise as cument presents, in relation to the topography of would not be more inconsistent to say, that a rose, young boys, within a limited space. They must, the country proposed to be examined, and the im- bathed in the refreshing dew of the morning, and however, be encouraged and even urged to motion; portant views which it unfolds in regard to the pro- blushing healthful on its stem, is less beautiful than for the nature of female education, from the earliest bable effect of the contemplated rail-road upon the that which is drooping and withering from the bane- periods of life, and the social habits of the sex, even immense and increasing trade of the regions west ful effects of the canker-worm in its core, than that in girlhood, incline many girls, in the garden and of the Ohio, as well as upon the intermediate coun- the female form is more beautiful or interesting un- the playground, rather to sit conversing in groups, try between the waters of the Chesapeake bay and der the pressure of disease. Fashion, the tyrant of or to saunter, leaning on one another, than to take that river, are deemed of great interest by the opinion, has occasionally decreed that elegance can active exercise. To overcome this evil, gymnastic, Board, and cannot fail to strengthen our zeal and only be found associated with langour; and that a and what are termed Calisthenic exercises have determination, to pursue the enterprise in which we pale visage and a hectic flush are the legitimate in- been introduced; but when these are regarded as a are embarked, to a successful termination. The ob- dications of beauty: but the same capricious legis- task by the children, they lose their beneficial influject of this company being to connect the city of lator has, at one time, determined that a woman ence as exercise; and the greatest judgment is reBaltimore, by means of a rail road through the most should be shaped like a wedge, be pigeon breasted, quisite to proportion the efforts which they demand, practicable and direct route, with the navigable be all shoulders, and have no haunches; at another, to the strength of the individuals. When such exwaters of the west, we propose, previous to any lo-that the natural swell of the bosom is to be conceal-ercises are employed in schools, the efforts must be cation being determined upon, to examine every ed by high stays, and that the true feature of female gradually brought on, and not too suddenly disconpass through the mountains which may be suggest ed, and shall endeavour to avail ourselves of the one which may oppose the fewest obstacles and involve the least expense. I am, therefore, instructed to assure you of the entire willingness of this company, to explore the country referred to, as proposed by you, provided the restrictions placed upon us by the legislature of Virginia should be removed. symmetry is the projection of this part, the promi tinued; nor should they ever be exerted beyond the nence of which conferred celebrity on the Hottentot power of the girl. They should also be daily and Venus. To be serious, there can be neither beauty regularly performed; for by this means, the body, nor symmetry of form without health; and the oppo- being under a kind of training, gradually acquires a site opinion can have originated only from the pre- power which it did not naturally possess, and bejudice that to be full of health, is to be fat, coarse, comes capable of exertions which, under other cirand vulgar. cumstances, would produce inflammation, and, proExercise only can fully unfold the muscular sys-bably, fatal results. The beneficial effects of regutem in both sexes: it knits well the joints, makes lar exercise in young girls, are the same as those we As our stock of information upon the general them clean and small; increases the flexibility of enumerated in the last essay, when treating of exersubject of rail roads was not sufficient to warrant a every moveable organ; confers activity of body cise as essential to health in boyhood: but in young hasty commencement of the work, although we had and cheerfulness of spirits: it is, therefore, not girls it is more essential, from the sedentary habits of abundant reason to feel confident of its practicabili merely necessary for the perfection of the corpo- life which are to follow, in an after period of life; and ty from the success which had attended simil r un-real frame, but also for its preservation. With- also to counteract that sluggish state of the bowels dertakings, upon a more limited scale, both in this out a due proportion of it, "even the bones," as a which is so common in female habits, and so much HORSES. [Even the two following items will be considered as worth the subscription price of this paper by who have much to do with, and a proper feeling for horses.] DEAR SIR, at variance with health If the exercise be taken powerful influence of spring in restoring the ravages DRYDEN. Loretto, Va. Oct. 31, 1827. The following extracts from a very popular scientific work now publishing in England, and called "The Library of Useful Knowledge," will save, I hope, many a poor horse from much suffering and If it be the object of mothers, in the encourage-injury. With this view I take the liberty to offer ment and countenance which they afford to fashion them for publication in your very useful paper. able dissipations, to procure husbands for their Yours, with regard, JAMES M. GARNETT. daughters, they ought at the same time to recollect that, in attaining their wish, their daughters are Speaking of the eye-lids of birds, the writer reabout to become mothers, and how inadequate they marks: "A third eye lid of the same kind is found will be to the duties of this sacred trust, with broken in the horse, and called the haw; it is moistened constitutions and irritable nerves, incapable of sup with a pulpy substance (or mucilage,) to take The necessity of proportioning the efforts in ex-porting properly their own frames, much less of af- hold of the dust on the eye ball and wipe it clean ercise to the strength of the girl, though it has been fording nourishment to their offspring. off, so that the eye is hardly ever seen with any already insisted on, yet must be here repeated; for [Bos. Med. Intel. thing upon it, though greatly exposed from its size if immediate injury does not result from sudden over-exertion, the daily renewal of it has a more per[Here follow observations on the exercises most and posture. The swift motion of the haw is given manently bad effect, by wearing out the powers of conducive to health in girls and young women-on to it by a gristly, elastic substance, placed between the body, and bringing on premature old age. Such | walking-dancing-riding; which were published the eye ball and the socket, and striking obliquely, so as to drive out the haw with great velocity over in the American Farmer, No. 31.] a degree of exertion, indeed, is not likely to occur the eye, and let it come back as quickly. Igfrom almost any kind of exercise in the middle and norant persons, when this haw is inflamed from higher ranks of life; but nothing is more common cold and swells so as to appear, which it never does than to see young women, under thirty years of age, in a healthy state, often mistake it for an imperfecwith the look of sixty, from having been overworktion, and cut it off: so nearly does ignorance proed as servants: and surely the interests of humanity duce the same mischief as cruelty! They might as require that an evil of this kind should not be overwell cut off the pupil of the eye, taking it for a looked. It may be argued, that much of this may black spot." arise from confinement to hot kitchens, and from the labour being carried on entirely within doors: the argument is not without weight: but do we not see the same effects of too early hard labour in many of the children of the poor, who live in the purest air,-farmers' boys, for example, many of whom have the appearance of adult age before they | are fourteen, and often become prematurely old. SPORTING OLIO. NORFOLK RACES.-OCT. 31, 1827. First Day-The only horse entered was Mr. Johnson's Snow Storm, which galloped round the course, and took the $200 colt purse. The following fine first rate horses were entered: Mr. Elliott's g. m. Betsey Ransom, 3 years old, Mr. Wilson's s. h. Pirate, 4 yrs. old, by Sir Archy. THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1827. The other extract relates to the horse's hoof, and is as follows: "The bones of the foot are not placed directly under the weight; if they were in an upright position, they would make a firm pillar, and every motion would cause a shock. They are placed slanting, or oblique, and tied together by an elastic binding on their lower surfaces, so as to form springs Second Day-The public expectation was again as exact as those which we make of leather or steel As the girl rises into the young woman, the ac- sadly disappointed by the purse of $300, for three for carriages. Then the flatness of the hoof which tive exercise which has been recommended, be-mile heats, being surrendered without a contest. stretches out on each side, and the frog coming comes, in some degree, incompatible with the haOnly one horse, Mr. W. R. Johnson's Sally Walker, down in the middle between the quarters, adds bits of the sex, but it should still be continued with having been entered-she galloped round the course greatly to the elasticity of the machine. Ignorant in bounds of propriety. The various kinds of exer- and bore off the money. of this, ill-informed farriers nail the shoe too far cise will afterward be discussed; but we may observe Third Day. This race is said by the oldest sports-back, fixing the quarters, and causing permanent here, that the restraints imposed on young women men, to have been the best, as regards time and contraction-so that the contracted hoof loses its in society, ought, under no circumstances, to pre- | bottom, on record. elasticity; every step is a shock; inflammation and vent such exercises from being daily taken as will lameness ensue." bring every muscle of the body into action. The necessity for adhering to this rule is even more necessary after a young lady is brought out, as the term is; for, though the result of late hours and dissipation be fatigue and debility of frame, yet, these are not to be supposed to warrant listlessness, apa thy, and indulgence in bed, till the period of the day | THE LAND TORTOISE OF FLORIDA.-In a letter arrives when the same round of pleasure is again to The first heat was won by Pirate-time, 7 min to the Editor of the American Farmer from General commence. If a young lady, after the fatigue of a 50 sec. Betsey Ransom second in the race, but Lafayette, he expressed a desire to introduce the ball, were to rise in the morning, and get on horse could evidently have won the heat, had the rider terrapin which is found in the Chesapeake and conback to breathe the balmy and refreshing air of ear-made his run sooner; (in fact his orders were not stitutes so great a delicacy on our tables. The canly day, she would feel invigorated, cheerful, and to run for the first heat.) Second heat won by Bet-vass back duck, he said, he knew "was only to be even fitted for a renewal of the dissipations of the sey Ransom in 7 m. 45 s.!! and the third heat in 7 m. enjoyed on the Susquehanna and Potomac-a conevening, provided these be not too frequently re- 50 s.-carrying 34 lbs. over the weight. The course dition to which he would, if he could, most cheerpeated; whereas, if she remains in bed till midday, has been properly measured, and is found to be 6 fully submit." Nothing would have been easier she will rise pale, languid, listless, and unrefreshed; yards over a mile. This race is 25 seconds less in than to send him the terrapin, but they would not and though the stimulus of pleasure, which is one of the three heats (12 miles,) than Eclipse and Sir live and propagate in interior fresh waters. What extraordinary power on a youthful mind, may ena-Henry's celebrated race. will approach next nearest to the General's wish is, ble her to run the circle of a winter's assemblies and When it is recollected that Betsey Ransom is but probably, the land tortoise described below by our visitings; yet, at the termination of the season, a 3 years old, and that she has run the four mile day friend Mr. Hambleton, and which we have sent unshock has been given to the constitution from which at New York, (distancing the field,) the four mile der the care of a mutual friend to the patriarch of it can never recover. It is not the province of the day at Baltimore, again distancing the field, and La Grange. phycisian to preach morality, or to notice the debili lastly the three heats at Norfolk as above, all in the tating effects of fashionable dissipations on the men short space of about three weeks-she may very tal energies of the rising aristocracy of this country; justly be considered, if not the first, among the first but he may be permitted to point out the injurious rate race horses in America. consequences to health of protracting what is term- Fourth Day. This race, best three in five, one ed the winter in town till the summer be far advan-uile heats was won by Mr. Bookes' Eagle, beating ced, instead of going into the country to enjoy the | Rasselas, Columbus, Sarah Bell and Saluda. The elder son of the Editor of this paper, at school in France under the guardianship of G. W. Lafayette, wrote to his mother that nothing could be more curious, nor more acceptable to the ladies at La Grange, than an American mocking bird-the nonpareil of feathered songsters; and we are happy to Istate the general's acknowledgment of its safe ar I send you, by Mr. A. H. Campbell, some land tor toises from Pensacola. They are produced in great abundance in the sandy coast of Florida, and con stitute an important article of food for the inhabitants. The flesh is delicate, and makes excellent soup, not inferior, I think, to that of the green turtle. They feed on herbs, and burrow in the earth in winter. I am informed, on good authority, that they differ little from the Gallipago tortoise of the islands in the Pacific, except in size, being smaller. They are excellent for sea stock, and live several months without food. We have used them constantly in our mess for the last eighteen months. Your friend and obed't serv't, JOHN N. HAMBLETON. FRENCH CHESTNUTS.-In number 27 of this volume, we took notice of the luxuriant crop of grapes at St. Mary's College, and referred also to their figs, French chestnuts, &c. The following note, mislaid until now, will show the size and weight of these as compared with American chest nuts. citizens who are exerting themselves to promote a equally perceptible in the wild horses of Louisiana ERRATA IN THE CATTLE SHOW REPORT.-In Horses and Mares, for "Mr. Bostler," read "Henry Boteler.” Domestic Manufactures, for "Mrs. Anne Morris," read "Mrs. Ann Norris." read "specimen"-fifth and ninth lines, for "John Smith," Butter and Cheese, in the fourth line, for "premium" read "Job Smith " Ploughing Match-for "70 feet in length and 27 in breadth," read "70 yards in length and 27 feet in breadth."-[So says Mr. Eastman.] How do the states' officers get their salaries but from the earnings of farmers? Well would it be for these if their reward too was fixed, in despite of frost or fly-of rain orrust. As they have but one annual meeting for the rival but amicable display of their best productions, we should suppose, that even a court would not soil its ermine, nor disregard the public interest by adjourning for one day. A friend who was educated at William and Mary college, once told us that whenever it was known that Mr. Wirt, then a very young advocate, was certainly to speak, Bishop Madison used to tell the fered a share in an horticultural and agricultural conA gentleman of active and business-like habits, is ofstudents they might shut up their books, and go to cern, which promises the most profitable results. A more profitable employment of their time in listen-capital of from 2 to 3000 dollars will be required. The ing to the young orator. most unexceptionable references will be given as to the respectability of the advertisers. Further information may be obtained by addressing C. C. D. (post paid) Post Office, New York. We mean not the slightest personal disrespect to the gentlemen of the bench-we only think they took an honest but mistaken view of the public interest for that one day. It is not of patient, devoted public servants like these that it could ever be said, they would sooner "Hang the guiltless, than eat their mutton cold." THE HORSES OF SOUTH AMERICA. Extract of a letter to the Editor of the American Farmer, from a distinguished officer of the United States navy, dated Callao Roads, June 12, 1827. [The mention of the fine points and paces of the horses of Chili by gentlemen who have been through the interior, and allusions made to fine chargers sent Comparative weight of the chestnuts grown from presents to the Prince Regent by general Bolivar, seed from the south of France, in the garden of St. &c. induced us to call the attention of an officer of Mary's College, and of the average American chest-great intelligence and public spirit to the subject. We hope the men are improving since the revolution more than their horses, according to the follow8 oz. 14 grsing account.] MR. SKINNER, nut: Ten French chestnuts weighed last autumn, M. F. WHEELER, President. PARTNER WANTED. Nov. 9. BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. Reported for the American Farmer, by Lewis Sutton & Co. TOBACCO Continues to be depressed, yet some sales are made at low prices, particularly Ohio, which appears to be in more demand than for some time pastbut these sales are at prices below former quotations. The prospect for tobacco in general is very discouraging. Standard rates not materially changed. Grain has improved considerably. We sold one cargo yesterday from West river, Anne Arundel county, good and inferior, at 90 cts. best; and .80 for ordinary; some superior brought 93--all red wheat. Seconds, as in quality, $3.00 a 6.00-common crop, 3.00 a 4.00-Do. red, 4.00 a 4.50-good red, 5.00 a 6.00 Fine red, 7.00 a 8.00-Yellow and red, 7.00 a 10.00Yellow do. 5.50 a 10.00-Fine yellow, 15.00 a 20.00Kentucky, 3.50 a 5.00--do. for wrapping, 6.00 a 7.00. Virginia do. 3.50 a 8.00-Rappahannock, 3.00 a 3.50 FLOUR white wheat family, $5.75 a 6 00-superfine "I am of the opinion that the wealth of these Howard-st. 5.00 a 5.124 a 6.00-city mills, 4.50 a 4.75— South American states is greatly overrated. They Susquehanna, 4.50 a 4.75-CORN MEAL, bbl. 2.75 a 2 87 have mines to be sure, but they neither are, nor can-ordinary, .75 a .80--CORN, .45 a .48-KYE, 40 a .50 -GRAIN, white wheat, best 1.00 a 1.06-red do. .90 a .93 Country, dew-rotted, ton, 136 a 110-water-rotted, 170 a 190-FISH, Herrings, bbl. 2.75 a 3.00-Mackerel, 7-Feathers, .28 a .29-WHISKEY, .26 a .27-Beef, on 3.75 a 4.75 a 5.75-BACON, hams, .9 a. 10-hog rouhd, 7 a the hoof, 3.50 a 4.50-Hogs, do. S.50 a 4.00—Butter, best,.20 a .25-ordinary, .124 a .15. Ten American, 14 oz. French to American, in the ratio of 120 to 19. Their comparative volume: Ten French, made a volume of 6 solid cub. inch, be worked, to much profit; for both individuals and OATS, .20 a 25-BEANS, .80 a 1.0-PEAS, .40 a .50Ten American, I do. do. companies have failed who have of late attempted CLOVER seed, 4.50 a 5.00-TIMOTHY 3.00-BARLey, .55 In volume, therefore, their ratio is as 24 to 7. it; and the other products are very limited. Chili a .58-FLAXSEED, .75 a .80-COTTON, Virginia, .8 a From his well wisher, and Peru are by many degrees the poorest countries. 103-Louisiana, .11 a .13-Alabama, 10 a .114-MisI have ever seen, and can there be a stronger evi- souri, 10 a.101-N. Carolina, .84 a .91-WooL, wash'd, dence of this truth, than that with a small debt and .18 .22-half blood, .26 a 28-three-quarter, .28 a .30 scarcely any military force, their treasuries are al-full do. .30 a 35-HEMP, Russia, per ton, $225 a 238 The Dorchester County Agricultural Cattle ways empty-their expenditures though but little Show and Exhibition of Household Manufactures, more than $4,000,000, yet exceeding their income. was held agreeably to appointment on the 29th and "I would contribute, at almost any trouble, to any 30th inst. It gives us pleasure to learn from the improvement in the breed of horses in our country; Cambridge Chronicle, that the weather was fine, but I am confident that there is not a horse or mare the concourse of people large, and the exhibition in Chili or Peru that would sell for one hundred dolsuch as to meet the sanguine expectations of the lars. I mean for the purpose of breeding, and for friends of the society; and that, the President, Doc- the saddle. I have not seen one which could, if in tor Muse, delivered in his usual eloquent and forci- the United States, bring sixty dollars. I have bought Massachusetts Agricultural Society, delivered at their ble manner, an able and lucid address. The pro- a saddle horse from Mendoza, one of the hand- late Cattle Show-On the Study of the Animal King ceedings are on file, for insertion in the American somest that I have seen here, and gave ten doubloons dom, with reference to Agriculture, Distribution of AniFarmer, in pursuance of the request of the society. for him, which is the highest price going; but real-mals, continued--Agricultural School, on the Fellenberg The friends of the society must have been the ly in Maryland he would not sell for sixty dollars; System, established at Philadelphia-Cultivation of Sumore encouraged by the large concourse that at and this horse has been brought over the Cordille-gar in Florida-Extract from Mr. Carter's Address to tended, notwithstanding the refusal of two of the ras to Valparaiso, 400 miles, and from thence here judges of the court, then in session, to adjourn even by water, from 12 to 15 days sail. for one day, though requested so to do by the grand jury. "You certainly know that the horses, cattle, sheep, and hogs of Spanish America, were all brought from We believe it was the emperor of China who Spain; and the only port of exportation for these made it a rule to do honour to agriculture, the great animals was Cadiz, the southern extremity of Andamother that gives support to all other pursuits, by lusia. Consequently the animals of that province, descending from his throne, on a given day in every and I do aver, much degenerated from their progeniyear, to guide the plough with his own hands: and tors in form and size. No one who has been in An all people in all countries have applauded that act dalusia would be at a loss to perceive that the above of imperial condescension as one of profound policy; mentioned animals have had their origin there; the but these industrious judges could not spare one form, colour, and spirit is very much the same, parday to encourage the zeal of a few public spirited ticularly the latter, which is remarkable, and is CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. the New York Horticultural Society-Notice of Large Fruits-Preservation of Green House Plants-Memorial to the President and Directors of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-road Company, concluded-On the Quantity of Exercise proper for Girls and Young Women-Norfolk Races-On the Haw or third Eyelid, and on the bones of the foot in Horses-Editorial, The Land Tortoise of Florida, French Chestnuts, Dorchester Cattle Show, The Horses of South America-Prices. Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Toy, corner of St. Paul and Market-sts., where every description of Book and Job Printing is handsomely executed. |