subject, than from a conviction that the proceeding is necessary. The writer has known many tribes of animals disposed to break from their pastures, and has con sequently heard it asserted that particular cows conferred the disposition on their offspring. Now, the fact is, this was no matter of disposition at all. but was a consequence of the animals in question having very thin hides, which rendered them impatient of heat and the attack of flies. It is thus too frequently that, for want of due attention, effects are ascribed to wrong causes. prove the produce of an inferior animal by the in- tive, and in comparison fixed; while the cows, with troduction of one superior. That like will produce which he has been used, possess little or no chalike; or, that, in ordinary instances, two good ani-racter, and have been bred without regard to any mals will breed a third good one, appears probable point, but the production of animals to increase the to every capacity, from a consideration of very stock upon the farm. common principles, notwithstanding admitted ex- It is conceived that a few facts in corroboration of ceptions to general rules. But to suppose that an this reasoning may be here appropriately introindependent sexual ability exists in either male, or duced. They will be derived from the history of female, appears calculated to unsettle the doctrines the Improved Short-Horns, a breed of cattle with of skilful men, and to lead to the adoption, in their which the writer happens to be best acquainted. stead, of opinions unsupported by a reference to any Mr. Colling's bull, Comet, impressed the generalknown principles, leaving very important interests ity of his stock with his own peculiar traits in so To suppose that either the male or female parent to the dangerous conduct of a blind guide. remarkable a degree, that it was easy for a stranger possess an independent inherent propensity to impress If it could be proved that stock are more suscepto select them from a great number of animals. their offspring, is to embarrass the pursuit of breed-tible of improvement from the male parent, the But in Comet, it should be remembered, centered ing in no trifling degree.* Most persons can judge question then would be, how is a male, possessing what was called the best blood, and it ought to be of the fitness of that proceeding which aims to im. the requisites, to be obtained? Surely it will not be remarked, that, at that period, good short-horns replied, that his being begotten by such a male were not very numerous; and Comet, except in his would alone be sufficient, without the possession of owner's and Mr. Charge's stocks, was introduced This brings to mind some anecdotes that transpirexcellence on the dam's side. It is possible that a to cows comparatively inferior. It is not, therefore, ed, and facts that were related on the road as we were good male may beget a son equally good as himself singular that from such a bull a stock very superior returning a few days since between New Castle and in externals, from an ill-bred bad female, but it is to the dams should spring; but in Mr. Colling's own Frenchtown. Some turkey-buzzards were resting on the fence near at hand, eager to perform their useful certain that such son will prove comparatively an stock, where the cows were also superior, and in office on the carcass of a dead hog in a neighbour- inferior stock getter, it being an established fact Mr. Charge's to which the same remark applies, no ing field, but they had been anticipated or driven off that animals breed back in point of resemblance, such striking effects followed the use of this bull. by a dog, who "feeling power and forgetting right," and it is therefore considered necessary, for the ob- The cows possessed positive characteristics, the (as animals with fewer legs will as naturally do, ject of improvement or to retain excellence, to have effect of improved breeding, as well as Comet; and when not restrained,) took exclusive possession of the a pedigree as little dubious as possible, for several if his traits did predominate in a more than usual corpse, to be held at his will and pleasure. The sight generations. So important, indeed, is this fact of degree in the offspring, it was principally only where of these turkies, led to a conversation on domestic correct descent, that many breeders who have, from the cows bore a near affinity to him. The same returkies. One passenger related the judgment of Doctor Franklin, who maintained that it would have suit-causes which it is difficult to ascertain, a well-bred marks are applicable to Major, a son of Comet. ed us better, and have done us more credit, to have animal of defective form, venture to use him, rely With well-bred cows he proved himself a good bull, adopted the turkey instead of the eagle, as our national, ing on his blood, and experience no reason for re but it was when he came to be used with inferior emblematic bird: that the turkey was an honest fowl-gret that they have done so. But what, in such cows that his excellence, as a stock-getter, was fulalways ready for battle against red coats, and not mak- circumstances, is the mode of proceeding? Is such ly revealed; but his merit in this respect is well ing its livelihood by robbery and plunder; whilst the male used indiscriminately to all the females, or is known. High breed here again predominated in the eagle was a lousy bird, too lazy to work, and living by it considered necessary to check his tendency to- usual extraordinary manner, for Major was by Complundering the fishing hawk, and others more industri- wards defective form, by good points counteractinget out of the celebrated Cow Lady, all whose proous than himself-resembling, in these respects, indo- in the females? Undoubtedly such care is taken, duce sold at prices so high as strongly to evince how lent monarchs, who, without inherent energy, or valua- and thus the system of judiciously counteracting they were regarded in public estimation. Here then ble characteristicks of their own, pilfer their submissive, defects on either side, whether male or female, is existed positive qualities, transmitted by descent, and hang their refractory subjects. But the part of the conversation referred to, of which we were reminded successfully practised, in preference to one adopted on the bull's side, before which the intermediate by the opinion of the very sensible writer of this essay, on the belief of the existence of an independent sex-character of ill-bred cows gave way; and it led to that parents do not transmit their dispositions, was that ual capability. the production of a race better than the females, where the chat of the stage company turned upon the an improvement to be ascribed to Major's blood, practicability of domesticating wild turkies. A gentleman and not to any sexual superiority. The same rein the stage mentioned, in support of the negative side marks may be made as to Western Comet, a son of of the question, a curious fact; and as it involves the Major, out of a capital cow of Mr. Charge's. All name of General Jackson, we beg the reader not to his stock were most excellent, but the bull's breedsuppose that we are going to touch the presidential ing was most pre-eminently evinced in his descendquestion; in reference to which not one syllable has ever, ants from ordinary cows. within our knowledge and intention, found a place in Thus it appears that the American Farmer. This gentleman observed, that when a male and female are equally well bred, and of some years since, at the residence of Gen. Jackson, he nearly equal individual excellence, it is not probable told him that he had caused eggs of the wild turkey to that ther produce will exhibit any general proof of be procured from the woods, and to be hatched by the a prepoiderating power, in either parent, to impress domestic turkey; that the young of both were reared peculiar characteristics. But should the contrary together, and that those from the eggs of the wild ones appear b be the case, upon diligent inquiry it will were for some time only distinguishable from the others, by the circumstance of their always taking upon seldom il to be ascertained, that peculiar characthe tree a higher point to roost, than their companions, breeder would serve to show how erroneous is the under cerain circumstances of contact or crossing, A reference to the stock of any professional bull-teristics have been derived from ancestors. which, the offspring of tame turkies. Thus they acquired and manifested greater strength of wing, and finally took opinion founded on such grounds. It would there have become prominent features in the off-pring. flight to the woods, seeking to be restored to the bosom be seen that, upon the whole, the produce of differ. A simple ase will illustrate this remark. Suppose of their legitimate parents and their native wilds. Did ent years are subject to but little fluctuation in point the ancestors of a bull in the third or fourth genenot this untameable propensity evince an inherent dispo- of excellence, supposing the requisite skill to be ration, to have possessed defective shoulders, but sition, the cause of which had existence in the young practised by the breeder. The system of crossing that defed not to exist in himself, in consequence as far back at least as before it broke the shell? In ano- the different males and females being correctly unof close atention to this point on the part of his ther stage there were two English travellers, who, on derstood, and above all, the females also being well breeder. Cross such bull with a cow defective in seeing these turkies with a sir-name, asked if they were bred, the standard of excellence is supported with her shouldrs, and probably, the defect will exist in not Eagles! and, on being told their real name and trade, tolerable uniformity; and though occasionally an ex were seen to make a note thereupon!-and so we may the offsprig in an increased degree, and will obtain have repeated the sage remark of another English tra- traordinary animal makes its appearance, none of for the dan the character of breeding a produce veller, to wit: "Saw turkey-buzzards-Mem sure sign the effects are apparent which excite surprise when similar to herself. Whereas, in fact, this is an inof carrion." To this it would be easy to append the the male only, or female, happens to be well-bred judicious ross, made in ignorance or disregard of inference of universal poverty and sickliness. Thus Contrast this state of things with that which will be the facts tat animals breed back; that they possess where the hogs die, the people must starve; where the apparent in the inferior stock, to improve which the a greater indency to defect than to perfection; and people starve, they must be first very poor; and great well-bred bull is put in requisition. There it is that that the oly safe mode of breeding is that of strictly poverty must be followed by great sickliness and mortality—ergo, all Delaware must be the seat of wretched- the produce astonishes, for there the sire impresses scrutinizing the pretensions of ancestors. ness and democracy-religious toleration and disease characteristics peculiarly his own. If it be inquired. With gard to the bulls which have been indeath and the devil-and no man in his senses will ever why he does so? The answer is easy, for the rea-stanced, omet, Major, and Western Comet; had think of migrating to America!-according to Messrs. son is obvious. His excellencies are the accumu they beenbred from cows of very inferior blood, lated acquisitions of many ancestors; they are posi-although ey might have possessed excellent forms. Ashe, Fearon & Co.-ED. AM. FARMER. It has already been remarked, that the great im provement made during late years in our breeds of stock, has tended greatly to promote the agitation of the question at issue. This is easily accounted for. yarious circumstances have combined to rouse the attention of farmers to the unprofitable state of their stocks. The consequence has been, that well bred males have been resorted to, and the produce of the first cross has so far exceeded the most sanguine hopes, taking its character in externals, as well as in positive utility, in a great measure from the well bred male, that new advocates for the opinion in his favour have thus been added to the number which previously existed. Mahon. regard to their constitution, they are not so hardy art is eminently useful, and ought to be kept up CABBAGES. with other good qualities, experience assures us If what has been advanced shall appear to be founded in reason, then, it is submitted, that, with our present stock of information on this subject, one only rational course of proceeding can be adopted by breeders, viz. that of resorting to the best males; at once a simple and efficacious mode of improving such stocks as require improvement, and the sole mode by which stocks, already good, can be preserved in their excellence. (Selected by David ap Owen for the American Farmer.) YOLK IN THE WOOL OF SHEEP. CARROTS. "Carrots require a rich and soft soil; deep plough- GRAIN. "All sorts of grain ought to be cut, whenever the STACKING CORN. (To be continued.) PROSPECT OF CROPS. Red House, N. C., Aug. 13, 1827. Crops in my section of the country were never so good. The oldest inhabitants say they never saw such crops within their recollection. I believe never saw such a crop of oats made. The old people say there has not been such an abundant one within thirty years. If the seasons should hold out until the corn is made, it will not command more than $1.00 or $1.25 per bbl. of five bushels at the stack. Crops of tobacco are very promising; cotton very indifferent. If I can save my crop in good time, and pay that attention which it deserves, I shall make more from the land and to the hand, than ever was made in this section of country. When I receive my crop I will let you know what I make. Very respectfully, G. W. JEFFREYS. Berlin, Worcester co., Md. Aug. 14, 1827. The prospects of the farmers in this county are most gloomy. We have not had rain enough to make what they call a season since the first week in "The practice of stacking corn on the ground, in June. The corn (our staple,) has now advanced the yard, even though bottomed with loose straw, is too far to be benefitted, in an important degree, by exceptionable, part of the grain being apt to imbibe the most copious showers. The crop of potatoes, moisture, and the whole being liable to the depreda- too, must fail. So destructive to vegetation has been Corn may be stacked in the open the present drought, that even the forest trees, in some situations, appear as if scathed by fire. "In washing sheep, the use of water containing carbonate of lime should be avoided; for this substance decomposes the yolk of the wool, which is an animal soap, the natural defence of the wool; and wool washed often in calcareous water, becomes rough and more brittle. The finest wool, such as that of the Spanish and Saxon sheep, is most abundant in yolk. M. Vauquelin has analyzed several different tions of vermin species of yolk, and found the principal part of all air, on corn stands built with brick or stone, or of them a soap, with a basis of potash, (i. e. a com-upon pillars made of cast iron or brick, without Where cast iron is acpound of oily matter and potash,) with an excess of receiving the least damage. oil. He has found in them also, a notable quantity cessible, that material is to be preferred, as no verof acetate of potash, and minute quantities of car-min can get up so slippery a surface. Seven or bonate and muriate of potash, and a peculiar odo-nine pillars of cast iron are sufficient for a common sized stack, with a frame of coarse wood, on which the corn is to be laid. The whole amount is often paid by the saving of a year. The pillars need be [Ibid. but about three feet high." rous animal matter. "M. Vauquelin states, that he found some specimens of wool lose as much as forty-five per cent. in being deprived of their yolk; and the smallest loss in his experiments was $5 per cent. The yolk THE SECOND CROP OF CLOVER. is most useful to the wool on the back of sheep, in "It is a good practice to mix a portion of straw, cold and wet seasons; probably the application of a little soap of potash with excess of grease, to the particularly the straw of oats, with the second crop sheep brought from warmer climates, in our winter; of clover. The straw absorbes the gases and moisthat is, increasing their yolk artificially, might be ture as they exhale from the hay, by which the useful in cases where the fineness of the wool is of straw acquires juices, and a flavor which is agreegreat importance. A mixture of this kind is more able to cattle; the hay, which in other circumconformable to nature, than that ingeniously adopt- stances, would be spoiled, is in this manner cured, ed by Mr. Bakewell; but at the time his labours and the mixture is excellent food for cattle; while commenced, the chemical nature of yolk was unknown."-Duvy. TURNIP SEED. "Every farmer who wishes to have any of the varieties of turnip of a right kind, ought to save seed for himself. It is unnecessary to expect pure seed from the shops, unless an attention is paid to the rearing and winnowing processes, exceeding what is given by those usually concerned in these processes. Hence heavy losses are often sustained by cultivators, who trust to these agents; and this has been particularly the case with ruta baga." [Encyclopædia. SHORT-HORNED CATTLE. "There is reason to suppose, that short-horned cattle are not a native breed of Britain, but are imported from the continent; because they are chiefly found on the eastern coast, and are in many places called by the name of Dutch cattle. This breed differs from others in the shortness of their horns, and in being wider and thicker in their form er the harvesting of the grass or clover crop is acce- USES OF SALT TO CATTLE, WHEN GIVEN SO THAT THEY MAY EAT AS THEY PLEASE. "1. By allowing sheep to lick it, the rot may be effectually prevented. "2. Cattle to whom lumps were given to lick, were are rendered more healthy, and by being induced to 3. A small quantity pounded, was found very beneficial to horses, when new oats were given them, if the oats were at all moist; and is useful, with all kinds of moist food. Columbia, Pa., Aug. 14, 1827. "Wheat about half a crop; rye, good; oats and barley, very abundant-(I raised about 270 bushels of barley on seven acres.) Corn looks very much stunted, owing to the cold weather in spring, the white grub worm, and now the severe drought and great heat, until the 11th and 12th inst., when we had plenty of rain. J. B G. HORTICULTURE. (From the Boston Patriot.) SILK MANUFACTURE. From an article of much length in the Edinburg Review, on the "progress and present state of the silk manufacture," we make the following extract, containing a short sketch of the rise, progress and extent of this manufacture in Great Britain. At this time, when information is obtaining relative to the cultivation of silk in this country, and when the subject may be expected to receive the attention of go vernment, whatever relates to this article of manufacture cannot be without interest to the politician or general reader. land in the fifteenth century. Its early progress was, "The silk manufacture was introduced into Enghowever, far from being rapid; but it gradually increased according as the increasing wealth of the country occasioned a greater demand for silk goods. The silk throwsters of the metropolis were united in "4. It is said, that the mixing a little common salt a fellowship in 1562, and were incorporated in with the seed of oats, when sown, is an effectual 1629; and so prosperous and flourishing had their preventive against the attacks of the grub, so inju-business become, that it is stated, in the preamble to rious to the crops of oats in some parts of Britain." BREEDING IN AND IN. [Mosselman. "Bakewell, without doubt, was the father of the mould; consequently, feeding to the most weight, improved system of breeding in and in. He was a and yielding the greatest quantity of tallow. With strong minded man, and a good judge of stock. The a statute passed in 1666, (13 and 14, Cha. II. cap. 15,) that they had, at that time, no fewer than forly thousand individuals in their employment! And it is of importance to observe, that the importation of silk goods from foreign countries was occasionally prohibited during the reigns of James I. Charles I. the Protectorate, and the reign of Charles II. the pro hibition was not strictly enforced; and, generally speaking, their importation was quite free. which it did not recover for some years. So rapid The imports of silk into Great Britain during 1* BLIGHT IN PEAR TREES. "A considerable stimulus, though not nearly so great as has been commonly supposed, was given to the English silk manufacture by the revocation of the edict of Nantes, in 1685. Louis XIV. drove, by "The trade began to revive in 1798 or 1800, and present value of the British silk manufacture; but that intolerant and disgraceful measure, several has made an astonishing progress within the last ten the immense amount of raw and thrown silk imhundred thousands of his most industrious subjects or twelve years. This has been, in no inconsidera-ported, shows that it is of vastly greater value than to seek an asylum in foreign countries; of whom, it ble degree, owing to the facility with which increas-is commonly supposed. I calculate,' said Mr. Wilis supposed about 50,000 came to England. Such ed supplies of raw silk are now obtained from India son, a well informed and extensive silk manufacturof these refugees as had been engaged in the silk In 1770 the East India Company began to introduce er, that 40.000 hands are employed in throwing silk manufacture, several branches of which were then the Italian mode of preparing and winding silk in- for the weaver, whose wages will, I think, amount in a comparatively advanced state in France, estab- to Bengal; but the obstacles to its introduction, to 350,000/ I estimate that half a million pounds of lished themselves in Spitalfields, which has continu-trom the ignorance and prejudices of the natives, soap, and a large proportion of the most costly dye ed ever since the principal seat of the British silk and other causes, rendered its progress, for several stuffs, are consumed, at a further expense of 300,0004; manufacture. At the period of the influx of the re- years, comparatively slow. The average quantity and 265.000 more are paid to 16,500 winders to fugees, foreign silks were freely admitted into Eng-of raw silk imported fro India previously to 1770, prepare it. The number of looms may be taken at land; and it is stated in the custom house returns, did not exceed 100,000 lbs. and this too, of a very 40,000; and, including weavers, warpers, mechathat from 600,000l. to 700,000l. worth were annual-inferior description, and worth only from a third tonics, harness-makers, enterers, twisters, cane-spreadly imported in the interval from 1685 to 1693 But a half of Italian silk. In 1780 the imports from Iners, quill-winders, and draw boys, at two hands to a the manufacture was not long permitted to continue dia amounted to about 200,000 lbs.; and, in 1800, loom, will employ 80 000 more persons, and the on this footing. In 1692, the refugees, who seem to to nearly 50,000 lbs. Since then they have conti-wages amount to 3,000.000/ If we include infants have been quite as conversant with the arts of mo-nued to increase in a still greater proportion, the quan- and dependents, about 400,000 mouths will be fed nopoly as with those either of spinning or weaving, tity of Bengal silk imported in 1823 having been by the silk manufacture, the value of which I estiobtained a patent, giving them an exclusive right to upwards of 1,200,000 lbs. of an exceedingly im- mate at TEN MILLIONS Mr Hale, of Spitalfields, manufacture lustrings and a-la-modes, the silks then proved quality. The price of Italian raw silk is stat estimates the number of persons supported by the in greatest demand. This, however, was not enoughed, in the 2d report of the Lords' Committee on Fosilk manufacture at 500,000; but as Mr. Bell, and to satisfy them; for, in 1697, Parliament passed an reign Trade, (p. 4.) to be from 13s. to 26s. a pound, some other intelligent gentlemen engaged in the act, in compliance with their urgent solicitations, exclusive of duty, and that of Bengal from 12s to trade, do not carry their estimate so high as Mr. prohibiting the importation of all French and other 25s.: but as only one crop of raw silk is annually Wilson, perhaps his, which is the medium, may be European silk goods; and in 1701, the same profi-produced in Italy, while from two to three crops are regarded as the most accurate." bition was extended to silk goods imported from In-produced in the same period in India, a very great re dia and China. duction of price may be expected the moment "We have been thus particular in stating these those absurd and jealous regulations are removcircumstances, because they serve to show the en-ed, that now prevent the free application of Euro-J. S. SKINNER, ESQ. Philadelphia, August 12, 1827. tire fallacy of the opinion so generally entertained, pean capital and skill to the culture and prepara- Dear Sir,-Reading in your paper (the Amethat we owe the introduction and progress of the tion of India silk. rican Farmer) No. 21. vol. 9, an extract from the silk manufacture to the prohibitive system. So far "There is a circumstance connected with the sale New England Farmer, relative to the blight in pear from this being the case, it is a fact that is proved of raw and wrought silks by the East India Compa- trees, and as it is of so common an occurrence by the statements in repeated acts of Parliament, ny, which we confess ourselves totally unable to ex-about here, and one which I believe has not been and by a variety of other equally conclusive evi- plain, and on which no merchant we ever met with satisfactorily understood or accounted for, I take dence, that the silk manufacture had overcome all could throw any light. It is this, that any one may the liberty of stating the sad effects it has had on the difficulties incident to its first establishment, had purchase of the Company equal weight of raw and my pear trees, which is directly contrary to the obbeen firmly rooted, and had become of very great manufactured silk for the same sum of money! It is servations made by B. C. as the only old bearing value and importance, before it was subjected to the plainly impossible that this anomaly could obtain un- pear tree that I have not affected by blight, is one trammels of monopoly; and, consequently, before der a system of free trade; and the Company ought known as the sugar pear, which stands between two our manufacturers were taught to trust more to fis-to be called upon to show how it arises. The price houses, and is considerably protected from the east cal regulations, and the exertions of custom-house of the raw silk sold by the Company, must, it is evi and north east wind; that soil is rich and well culofficers, than to their skill and ingenuity, for the sale dent, be either too high, or that of manufactured tivated: the tree has borne fruit yearly for a number of their goods. goods too low; and now that India silk goods are of years, without having been pruned or trimmed "The 1719 is an important epoch in the his-about to be admitted for home consumption, this is for the last twenty years. I believe I may say that tory of the British silk manufacture, a patent being a mystery that ought to be cleared up. all my other pear trees, on my farm, are diseased then granted, for fourteen years, to Sir Thomas The following is an official account of the quan-and killed by blight, although I have taken uncomLombe and his brother, for the exclusive property tities of raw and thrown silk imported into Great mon pains as to soil, culture and management of of the famous silk-mill erected by them at Derby, Britain in the year ending the 5th of Jan 1824. them, by planting in sheltered and exposed situafrom models they had clandestinely obtained in Ita-An account of the Imports of Raw and Thrown Silk, tions, in rich or poor soils, and universally, with the ly, for preparing thrown, or as it is more commonly from the 5th January, 1823, to 5th January, 1824. one exception, my pear trees are as above descalled organzine silk. At the expiration of the pacribed. My reason for writing is, to elicit from tent, Parliament refused the prayer of a petition of those who are successful in the management of the Sir Thomas Lombe, for its renewal; but granted him pear tree, some clear proof of the cultivation of that a sum of 14,000l. in consideration of the services he delicious fruit. I believe myself, from a great deal had rendered the country, in erecting a machine of observation made, that it is owing to the pear which, it was supposed, would very soon have the tree itself not being a hardy tree; or in other words, effect to enable us to dispense wholly with the sup Portugal that all the improved trees will not stand our rough plies of thrown silk we had previously been in the Spain climate. I can find old fashioned pear trees, both habit of importing from Italy. But, instead of beGibraltar hardy and vigorous, and full bearers, but the fruit ing of any real advantage, it is most certainly true. Italy 359,640 2-16 not worth having; but I have never seen any of the that the establishment of throwing mills in England Malta improved ones, or of the imported trees live seven has proved one of the most formidable obstacles to Turkey years without blight Being a lover of pears, and the extension of the English silk manufacture.— W. L. Brit. one that has tried many, very many experiments These mills were originally constructed in conse Do Foreign with the improved pear fruit trees, without the least quence of the heavy duties laid on thrown or organ-Bengal success, for upwards of ten years past, I have zine silk. And the circumstance of their having been China & Persia read with avicity any thing concerning it, and trust erected, and a large amount of capital invested in some of your correspondents have been more sucthem, has been urged, and, hitherto, with success, 359.641 2-16 cessful, and will communicate their treatment. as a reason for continuing these high duties! Yours, truly, 2,811.776 6-16 "During the same year the exports amounted to only 53,600 lbs. of which 40,000 were to Ireland. year "From this period the manufacture advanced gradually, though slowly, until about 1785 or 1790, when the general substitution of cottons for silks, in articles of dress and furniture, gave it a check, from Raw. 35,689 Countries from whence 1,171 $96,355 179 1.300 1.218,661 11-16 2,452,130 3-5 Thrown. 1 R W. * Second Report of the Lords' Committee, p. 39. GARDEN SEEDS. J. S. SKINNER, Esq. Philadelphia, August 7th, 1827. Sir,-One of the late numbers of your useful publication, contains a notice on the subject of rear ing garden seeds, copied from the Gardener's Magazine (Loudon) with some comments by the editor of the New England Farmer Convinced of the fallacy of the principle there maintained, that an assortment of seeds cannot be reared genuinely within the precincts of any garden however large, I have determined to submit a few remarks for your consideration. nurseries, has for very many years been carried in- RURAL ECONOMY. D. L. Jr. That different species of some tribes or genera, are liable to hybridise when seeding in the immediate neighbourhood of each other, is placed beyond TO DRESS FLAX TO LOOK LIKE SILK. dispute; and in none is it more clearly evinced than Take one part lime and between two and three in the brassicas, which are particularly noticed in the paper alluded to as thus liable, but it is equally parts of wood ashes; pour over them a due proporindisputable, that no impregnation or admixturetion of water to make a strong ley, after they have can take place, unless the varieties are in the same stood together all night, which must be poured off state of bloom-the stamina and pistils of each in when quite clear. Tie handsful of flax at both ends like condition. Now when the earliness of some to prevent its entangling, but let the middle of each varieties, and the lateness of others (of any tribe) is be spread open, and put it in a kettle, on the bottom considered, and that in general, but a portion actu- of which has first been placed a little straw, with a ally does bloom at the precise period of each other; cloth over it; then put another cloth over the flax, and that but a few days' difference will remove the and so continue covering each layer of flax with a flowers from that state in which impregnation must cloth, till the kettle is nearly full. Pour over the take place there is evidently no serious difficulty whole the clear ley, and after boiling it for some in so arranging crops, that the hybridising each hours, take it out and throw it in cold water; this boiling, &c. may be repeated, if requisite. The flax other can scarcely be effected. must be each tune dried, hackled, beaten and rub bed fine; and at last dressed through a large comb, and through a very fine one. By this process the flax acquires a bright and soft thread. The tow which is off, when papered up and combed like cotton, is not only used for many of the same purposes, but makes lint for veterinary surgeons, &c. That a "garden of 5000 acres would not be sufficient to save the different varieties of a single tribe with certainty," is so much at variance with experience, that it becomes a matter of astonishment the assertion should have been ventured. True, it is said and admitted that bees range widely in quest of food, and carry the pollen or fertilizing principle from flower to flower, but that they are capable of causing the admixture attributed to them in the paper under consideration, can never be admitted. BREAD. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. MEMOIRS OF THE BARONESS DE REIDESDEL. This work, lately translated from the original German, and just published by Messrs. G. & C. Carvill, of this city, has more than one claim to the publick notice. In the first place it relates to the war of American Independence; an event that imparts interest to almost any narrative of personal adventures connected with it, and it gives a picture, though not always an impartial one, of the state of American society at that time. In the second, it is a story of a female of high birth and an education conformable to her ranks, following her husband to a distant country, exposing herself voluntarily to dangers and hardships for his sake, watching over him when languishing with wounds, and finally preserving his life by her unwearied assiduities. The Baroness de Reidesdel came to this country in 1777, and left it with her husband and family in 1783, having passed the interval in various parts of the United States and the British possessions. Parts of this work had been previously translated and were published in General Wilkinson's Memoirs; but this is the first time that the whole work has been given to the American publick. The volume consists partly of letters from General Reidesdel to his wife, and from the Baroness to her mother, but principally of the journal kept by the latter of her residence in America; none of which were origi nally written with a view of publication. [N. Y. paper. [What most commends the work is, that it presents to the reader one of the most exemplary instances of conjugal affection to be met with-a wife of noble family and education pursuing her equally devoted husband, with three infant daughters under her charge, and no attendant but an old faithful domestic, through Germany and France to hardships and battles that preceded and followed England, and thence to Canada, and through the the capture of Burgoyne; who might have escaped capture if he had followed the advice of her gallant husband, General Reidesdel. These memoirs would and of much better moral, than many of the novels be found by our female readers, more entertaining they peruse so greedily.} TRIBUTE TO BEAUTY. As the late beautiful Duchess of Devonshire was The disease called dyspepsia has become so geIt is well known the Philadelphia market has neral and obstinate in this city, as to constitute one long been celebrated for the quality, as well as of the most terrible plagues with which we are abundance of the articles there exposed for sale afflicted. There is scarcely one in five among peramong them, the vegetable department ranks not sons of sedentary habits, who are not more or less the least. There may be seen, in the different sea-affected by it. We have no doubt the principal sons, the finest variety of vegetables, and truest of cause of its prevalence is the unwholesome nature their kinds, perhaps, to be found in the same quan- of the bread in common use. This, like many other tities in the United States. Indeed, that market has articles of food, has been refined till its nutritious been the admiration of foreigners of every nation. qualities are almost destroyed. For the sake of The vegetables there exposed, are principally rear-fineness and whiteness, the coarser, but more noued in a tract of country of limited extent, below the rishing particles, are excluded from its composition; one day stepping out of her carriage, a dustman, city, occupied almost exclusively by market gar- and it is wrought into a tough, dry, and indigesti- who was accidentally standing by, and about to redeners; this tract is divided into small gardens (each ble substance, highly pernicious to the stomach. gale himself with his accustomed whiff of tobacco, with its occupant) containing from five to twenty Fortunately for the health of our citizens, an oppo-caught a glance of her countenance, and exclaimacres; but the majority not much over ten. On sition line of some extent in the baking business, ed, "Love and bless you, my lady, let me light my these smail places, are reared, as far as seasons will has of late years been set on foot, for the making pipe in your eyes!" It is said the Duchess was so permit, all the garden seeds used in them respec- of what is called family bread. This, as it is not delighted with this compliment, that she frequently tively, the low price of produce not admitting of refined to death, may be eaten with safety. Another after checked the strain of adulation, which was so purchase; and yet where the gardener has any pre kind, of which large quantities are now baked, call-constantly offered to her charms, by saying, “Oh! tensions to skill or energy, admixture or hybridising ed bran bread, and made of unbolted flour, is the after the dustman's compliment all others are insiis unknown, and simply from observing the necessa-only one proper for confirmed cases of the dyspeppid." ry precaution of separating the varieties of each sia, many of which have been cured by the use of tribe that bloom at the same time, either by placing it. Though brown and coarse in its appearance, it them as widely apart as practicable, or that which is quite palatable. is found equally to obtain, growing high crops betwixt them, surely this must be admitted a plain, practicable refutation of a theory too highly wrought. Again, in the nurseries and gardens of D. & C. In Livonia, the inhabitants make hollow places Landreth, near Philadelphia, we grow an extensive in the trees of the forest, to receive and cultivate variety of each kind of vegetable for the purpose of bees. Some of them had hundreds, and even thouseeding; and from an experience of near fifty sands of these bee-hives. Mr. Butner, a Livonian years in the growing of seeds, they are fully satis clergyman, says the air, at some distance from the fied, where the above mentioned precautions are ob- ground, is better for the bees than that of the beeserved, the disappointment from mixture will be too houses, which receive the exhalations of the earth. trivial to deserve attention: this opinion formed Where forests are not conveniently situated, he says from practical observation, during a life devoted to it is advantageous to place the hives upon trees the subject, is, therefore, submitted. The growing standing alone, at twelve or fifteen feet above the of the seeds, sold by the proprietors of the above ground. BEES. [N. Y. Mirror. [Was it not the celebrated Fontenelle, who, on being rebuked by a lady for passing without looking at her, replied--Madame, if I had looked at you, it would have been quite impossible to pass you?] BEAUTIFUL SKETCH. In the sweet prime of womanhood-the rose O, she was one of those for whom earth seemed Ever in summer beauty-flinty brows A change came o'er her: the fell, blasting breath Down from a golden sky, whence brightly streamed, ร peace for the corporation of Fredericksburg, the throw a continued column of water, three-fourths 18th day of January, 1810. Cinderella was also of an inch in diameter, one hundred and twenty bred by Bela Badger, and foaled on the 2d day of feet on a horizontal line, and more than ninety feet June, 1818, and is full sister to Marshal Durock. high. This machine is entirely different from any Marshal Durock and Cinderella were both of a thing that has ever heretofore been known. Mr. chestnut colour. Any other information respecting C. has, in his specification for letters patent, termed the Maid of the Oaks, can be obtained by applicait the "Rotative Piston," yet it contains neither pistion to James J. Harrison, Esq. Diamond Grove, ton nor valves, but has the appearance of a wheel Brunswick county, Va. Bristol, August 19, 1827. BEDFORD MARE. The Bedford Mare, bred by Capt. Thomas Spen- DEAR SIR, MISCELLANEOUS. She looked with a mild sadness on the scene Fading like her "And I had hoped," she said, HYDRAULIC MACHINES. "My evening's sun would set in its full time, "Like this!" O, world! thy visitings of scorn (From a Correspondent.) July 26, 1827. Are fearful to the young and innocent heart! She sank beneath them-and the pitying earth, The publick must look to the Farmer for satisWhose gentle bosom never spurned a child factory information respecting the two hydraulic Of sorrow, nor received a lovelier guest, machines described in the enclosed. Take a well, Hath decked her grave with freshest green and for instance, 46 feet deep-a fall of water from 3 to flowers. SPORTING OLIO. 6 feet, to bring into use in a level country; the MACHINE FOR RAISING WATER. within a wheel, operating in such a manner as to form a vacuum on one side, and a powerful compression on the other; and what is most wonderful, at each revolution, it takes in and throws out more the machine itself occupies. The machine has been cubic inches of water than the whole space which showr, and the principle of it explained, to many gentlemen of science and experience in hydraulics, among whom was his excellency the Governor of New York, and it is the prevailing opinion of all that it will take the place of every other machine, both for pumps and fire engines, as soon as it is extensively known. Mr. Č. has associated himself with two gentlemen of this village, who have established a manufactory on an extensive scale; and we understand that the company has sent an agent to Europe, to secure the rights for France and England, and other countries in that section. [Windsor Journal. THE MILITARY FAMILY. DEAR SIR, Georgetown, D. C., August 6, 1827. YOUR CONSTANT READER. Two brothers, John and Luke Cannon, carried on the business of saddle-making; they were reA. & G. Bradley, of Newtown, have sent us a markably smart and clever with their pens; they THE PEDIGREE OF OSCAR, JUNIOR. partial account of a self-acting machine, invented counterfeited the United States' currency, only with He was gotten by Oscar, bred by governor Ogle, by them for raising water. There is a brook a lit-this exception, this bill shall pass current for five of Maryland, and afterwards owned by Col. John the distance from their dwelling house, the bed of -, &c; or three or four, as the whim took Tayloe. Oscar was gotten by the imported horse which is 18 feet lower than the sill of their house. them. There came to town a remarkable clever Gabriel, his dam the full sister of Col. Tayloe's The water of their wells would not answer to wash journeyman sadler, by the name of Gunn; they Belvoir, which was by the imported horse Medley, with, and they were compelled to resort to the hired him. Another came of the name of Isaac Gimcrack, Cripple, Godolphin Arabian. His dam, brook until their necessities became the mother of Halbert; they hired him. They had hired a serDoctor James Edelen's famous ruuning mare Flor-invention to them. They have a simple but dura-vant woman by the name of Kitchen; a girl came etta, by the imported horse Spread Eagle-his gran-ble machine, at a cost not exceeding ten dollars, by name Sal Pistol, and they hired her. So they had dam by Hall's Union, a thorough bred son of the which raises the water to the amount of 1440 gal- two Cannons, one Gun, a Halbert, a Kitchen, and a imported horse Slim. Hall's Union, though he ran lons per day. There is no wheel or pump attached Pistol, in the same family. many races, was beat but once, and then entirely to the machine. They are fully satisfied from their out of order. His great grandam, by the imported experiment, that water may be raised on the same horse Othello, (being the mare purchased by the principle to the height of 50 feet or more, in large late Mr. Edward Edelen of Prince George's county, quantities, for the purpose of carrying water wheels Maryland, at the sale of Mr. Custis' property-his of every power-supplying distilleries, tan yards, g. g. grandam, by the imported horse Juniper, which and farms on which there is no living stream, &c. was by Babraham, which was by the Godolphin Ara- They have not given a very satisfactory description bian--his gg. g. grandam, by the imported horse of the machinery, but say "a fall of three feet is It gives us much pleasure to perceive alreaMorton's Traveller-his g. g. g. g. grandam Selima, necessary in raising the water ten feet, and in that dy indications that the next Cattle Show is likely by the Godolphin Arabian. proportion for a greater or less distance. Suppose to prove an extensive and highly interesting FAIR, a person have a spring near his house, but 10 or 20 where much valuable Stock-Horses, Cattle and feet lower than the house; he has only to set up a Sheep, will be sent on sale. We have been partipenstock, throw the water into the top of it, and cularly notified, that there will be sent for sale many then put in a lead pipe at the bottom of the pen-young Cattle of the Devon blood, from three-fourths stock, and take it to his house." They will give further information to those who shall write them, [New Haven Register. (post paid.) June 18th, 1827. IMPROVEMENT IN HYDRAULICS. a THE PEDIGREE OF MARSHAL DUROCK. This fact I had from the Hon. Gabriel Duvall. THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, AUGUST 24, 1827. to full blood;-and we have reason to think that a chance may then be presented to Farmers for obtaining a few Southdown Sheep, imported with great judgment and with particular reference to the most desirable qualities from the most select flocks in England. Those who wish to sell and to buy good horses, will do well to reserve themselves for the Cattle Show, on the 23d and 24th of October; and we have been particularly requested to invite the Drovers of Stock Cattle, to send them at this time. Good pasturage can be found adjoining the ground on the most reasonable terms; and Farmers will do This Gunn was here-Gen. Gunn, a senator from Georgia, the first Congress that sat at Washington; a very smart man. |