3,992.166 To complete the enumeration, the inha- Corrected amount Comparing the census taken at four different 9.625,547 pulation of the United States is too moderate. In 53,655 2,065.499 349,247 72,397 TABLE III. White. 47 48 49 1850 51 52 53 54 55 56 27,761,714 6,106,049 6,389,232 Aggregate. Coloured. 3,929,328 In estimating the comparative population to the square mile, it will be 43, if the whole territory of the United States is included; but amounts to 16 to the square mile, when we include only the area actually embraced by the census of 1820, or about 600,000 square miles. Several very serious discrepancies exist in the general aggregate published at Washington, from the marshal's return of the census of 1820. In the general summary which precedes the separate tables, the entire population of the United States is given at 9,625,784; but when the classes in the various columns are numbered from the top to the bottom of the page, or from left to right, a difference in the respective results is found, amounting to 20,187. In searching for the source of this large error, it was discovered that the column headed "Free white males of 16 and under 26, including heads of families," was 755,520, instead of 775,520; 1820 the real number. The small fraction of 187 was made up of minor errors, of too little moment to render specification necessary. From the very loose manner of taking the census of 1820, there can be no doubt of a large deficiency in the aggregates. I cannot think it presumption to give the opinion, that at the period of the last census, the actual population of the United States exceeded 10,000,000. The view given of the classified population is also extremely deceptive. 1830 Only 2,487,143 persons, or about one-fourth part of the whole mass, appear to have any employment. To form a real philosophical census, the numerical force of every order in the state ought to be shown. What extensive moral or political use can be made of an enumeration, which sinks into the common body of unemployed persons, doctors, lawyers, teachers, magistrates, legislators, military men, and those living on the proceeds of realized capital? In order, however, to render the results of the former enumerations as useful as the nature of this treatise will admit, an analysis has been made for each county, and I now enter into some general calculations to illustrate the history of the population of the United States. 7,239,903 99 5,229,082 78 60.007.870 46,490,536 13,516,834 9,663,313 1800 5,399,026 79 61,807,591 47,895,521 14,912.070 1 5,564.293 1880 63,661,808 49,332,107 14,329.701 1925 26 27 28 29 1930 31 32 33 $4 35 36 37 38 Aggregate. 241,024,530 White. 185,762,654 255,702,444 191,335,532 263,374,032 197,075,597 271,275,253 202,987,962 279,413,510 209,077,000 287,795,915 215,350,000 296,419,000 221,311,000 305,312,000 228,465,000 314,371,000 235,319,000 323,905,000 244,379,000 333,623,000 249,650,000 343,631,000 257,140,000 353,940,000 264,854,000 364,558,000 272,800,000 Coloured. 11 to 40. The subjoined extracts, show the state, | have been received. In the case of Little Rock, it 54,644,419 78,287,629 In Indiana, the total of land surveyed to the same Date. Total, Free, Slaves, Free,. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, General Land Office, 8th Feb. 1826. Statement of surveys of public lands, received at the General Land Office, to Jan. 1826, which have not been proclaimed for sale, including land relinquished under the several acts of 1822, 1823, and 1824. State. Ohio In Louisiana, the total quantity of land surveyed In the territory of Arkansas, the total quantity of land surveyed, between the same periods, is 2,286,846 acres; of which 32,483.56 acres have been sold, and 2,254,362.44 remain unsold. In Michigan territory, the total quantity surveyed, is 4,532,133 acres, of which 247,902.72 acres have been sold, and 4,284,230.28 remain unsold. Taken each as a whole, it is really matter of surprise, that the two classes of people in the United tal quantity of lands surveyed, within the same peIn the states of Alabama and Mississippi, the toStates, the bond and free, should increase so equal-riods, is 31,399,060 acres, of which 4,609,208.48 ly in a given period. By bond, I here mean the entire coloured cast, as from their degraded condi- acres have been sold, and 26,789,860.52 remain untion, in the estimation of the whites, the nominally In Tallahassee, West Florida, 405,782 acres have free coloured part of the population, with but few exceptions, labour under all the worst evils of slavery. In 1810, the free whites were to coloured, as 185 to 1000; and in 1820, as 185 to 1000. sold. been surveyed; of which 44,427.55 acres have been sold, and 361,354.45 remain unsold. The aggregate of public lands surveyed, within the above periods, in all the states and territories, is 119.538,363 acres; of which 17,949,160.49 have 621,000 00 9,447,439 00 1,218,000 00 4,163,000 00 3,171,000 00 3,289,000 00 1,219,000 00 665,000 00 Acres 23,796,439 00 1,219,303 89 25,015,742 89 98,446 024 215,948 994 226,723 97 1,942 19 180,126 82 9,674,162 97 1,219,942 19 4,343,126 82 3,174,000 00 ⚫ 468,476 27 3,757,476 27 1,245,975 50 665,664 12 Louisiana The actual population of the United States in without pretending to very great accuracy, we may 1826, is within a small fraction of 12,000,000, and allow one-third as residents of the interior and larg er section. It must be understood, however, that this statement includes the states of Alabama and Mississippi, and western New York in the central basin. The density of population is in an inverse central basin only 5 to the square mile. The ratio Atlantic slope is 36 to the square mile; that of the ratio to surface. The mean existing density of the of increase on the whole mass of the population, we have found at about 34 per cent per annum; but if we compare the two great sections with each other, we at once perceive a prodigious inequality. The following tables fully elucidate this truly important subject. whilst the entire population of the United States inWe find that in the last quarter of a century, creased from 5,319,762 to 12,000,000; that that 3,000,000. If we consider the increased means of These interesting views might be greatly varied, but the elements once brought together, the reader is enabled to exercise his own ingenuity, in such been sold, and 101,589,302.51 acres remain unsold. of the central basin augmented from 700,000 to manner as his pursuits may suggest. We now proceed to apply the increasing series found in Table III. acres of surveyed lands, which have not yet been transportation by roads and canals, it is certainly to the past and future location of the aggregate population. At the epoch of the first census, in 1790, the then inhabited surtace, was about 400,000 sq. miles, with a distributive population of 94 to the square mile. In 1820, the organized counties embraced in the census of that year, covered an area of about 600,000 square miles, with a distributive population of 16 to the square mile nearly. From these facts, we perceive, that the density of population increases much more rapidly, than does the extension of settlement. The territory of the United States, without including the immense regions on the Pacific ocean, or that on the higher branches of the Missouri, is divided naturally into two very unequal sections. Watered by rivers flowing into the Atlantic ocean, and having the sources of those streams, and the Appalachian mountains as its inland boundary, extends the original settlements of the United States. To this natural section, I have given the name of the Atlantic slope, to distinguish it from the vast basin of the Mississippi The At lantic slope, with its extension in Florida, contains in the United States about 220,000 square miles. Extending as far westward as the limits of Missouri and Louisiana, having the Canadian sea north, the Gulf of Mexico south, and the Appalachian section east, spreads an expanse of upwards of 800,000 sq. miles. These two spaces taken together, it is proble, will contain at all subsequent periods, the far greater part of the population of the United States. The Atlantic slope contains 140,800,000 acres; that part of the great central basin taken into this estimate 512,000,000 of acres, Relative surface is as and of the means of unfolding and perfecting the rior Oil Stones, saturated with oil, &c.--He is also By reference to Table III. it will be seen that the population of the United States for 1870, is esti mated at 47,368,544, and comparing that with the same epoch in Table VI. it is shown that a period of less than 45 years from the present time, is sufficient to give superior population to the central ba sin. In fact, the ratio used in Table VI. is too low. If the march of the emigrating column to the west is not arrested by unforeseen causes, the prepon-relations and intercourse between the physician, the derance will be in the basin of the Mississippi in sick and their friends, more explicit and confidenless than 40 years, or about 1865. And about that tial, and their mutual efforts to perform their reepoch, the relative density of population will be, on spective duties, more successful and satisfactory to the Atlantic slope, 90 to the square mile, and on all concerned. the central basin 25. If every thing else is considered equal, the capabilities of farther increase after 1885, or 1870, will be as 9 to 21 in favour of the central basin of North America over the Atlantic slope; and when each section is peopled in proportion to relative surface, the advantage of the central basin must have an excess, as 80 to 22, or 20 to 11. The inference, if the correctness of these data is admitted, is natural, obvious, and irresistible. SPORTING OLIO. SIR ARCHIE. As a racer or a blood horse, Sir Archie is inferior to no horse ever bred or trained in this or any other country. At New Market and elsewhere he has beaten the following famous horses: -Wrangler, Tom Tough, Palafox, Minerva, Ratray, Gallatin, &c. also, Gen. Carney's celebrated racer Blank by Citizen, never beaten before or since. This paper is published weekly, each number contains 16 octavo pages, making 832 pages a year. The annual price is $3,00 if paid in advance; $3,50 if paid after three months; and $4,00 if not paid within the year. WHEAT FANS. In Store,-Buckwheat, Millet and Turnip Seed, and Messrs. Sinclair & Moore, 1 SINCLAIR & MOOKE. Wye House, July 16, 1826. JONATHAN S. EASTMAN. N. B. He will dispose of his patent right for his Cylindrical Straw Cutter for any state in the United States, except Maryland, New Jersey, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, but cannot dispose of single county rights. SEED-WHEAT. J. S. E. The crop of Early Rare-Ripe Wheat, raised by William Gibson, Esq. in the neighbourhood of the city, (the seed for which was obtained from Mr. Tilghman, Eastern Shore,) will be for sale at our warehouse, No. 9 Bowley's wharf, in the course of a few days. Persons desirous of procuring very superior grain for seed, are invited to cal and examine the sample. R. D. BURNS & NEILSON. BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. Reported for the American Farmer, by Lewis Sutton & Co. Tobacco is nearly as the last week, some small sales are made every day. we think the dealers are not quite as anxious to buy-Maryland continues scarce, Ohio plenty. The shipping continue to take off Tobacco. We noticed an error in the price of best White Wheat quoted from us, in some of the papers, stating it 82 cents, this was intended for Red Wheat.-We have not known the best white to sell for much less than $1.00; and often over that sum The publick are hereby informed that we keep a constant supply of our Patent Wheat Fans, ready made, of good materials and workmanship. These Fans clean very fast, and are not more liable to get out of order than the old fashioned kind. We refer to the following highly respectable certificates, which have been taken TOBACCO-Seconds, as in quality, $3.00 a 6.00-comfrom transient letters on business. Our price is twenty-mon crop, 3.50 a 4.0-Do. red, 4.50 a 4.75-good red, five dollars, unless when made larger than usual, for 5.00 a 6.50-Fine red, 7.00 a 8.00-Yellow and red, large estates-price thirty dollars. 7.00 a 10.00-Yellow, 6.50 a 14.00-Fine Yellow, 15.00 a 20.00-Virginia fat, 6.00 a 8.00-Rappahannock, 3.50Kentucky, fine, 3.50 a 6.00--do. wrapping, 7.00 a 8.00. FLOUR-Howard-st. super, $5.00 a 5.124-City mills, 4.50 a 4.75--Susquehanna, $4.25 a 4.37-Best white wheat family, $5.75 a 6.00-CORN MEAL, per brl. 2.75-GRAIN, best white wheat, .95 a 1.00-do. red, .80 a .82ordinary, good .75 a .78-CORN, .48 a .49-RYE, .50OATS, .20 a .25-BEANS, $1.25 a 1.374-PEAS, .60-CLOVER seed, 4.00 a 4.50-TIMOTHY, 3.00-BARLEY, .90 a 1.00-FLAXSEED, .90-COTTON, Virginia, 9.00 a 10.00North Carolina, 10.00 a 11.00-Louisiana, 11.00 a 13.00 -Missouri, 10.00 a 11.00-WooL, common 18.00 a 22.00-do. crossed, 20.00 a 22.00-half blood, 24.00 a 26.00-three-quarters, 28.00 a 30.00-full blood, 30.00 a 35.00-BACON, best hams, 9.00 a 10.00-middlings, 6.50 7.00-hog round, 6.00 a 6.50-FISH, Herrings, 2.25 a 2.50-Mackerel, 4.50 a 5.00 a 5.50-Shad, 6.00 a 7.00WHISKEY, per hhd. .29-per bbl..29 a 30-FEATHERS, 28 a 29-LIVE STOCK, beef on the hoof, 4.50 a 5.00-Hogs, do. 4.00-Lambs, 1.50 a 1.75. The above will appear by reference to a letter now in my possession from Mr. William R. Johnson, who formerly trained and owned him, and from which the following is an extract: "I have only to say, that in my opinion, Sir Ardry generally. chie is the best horse I ever saw, and I well know that I never had any thing to do with one that was at all his equal, and this I will back, for if any horse in the world will run against him at any half way ground, four mile heats, according to the rules of racing, you may consider me five thousand dollars with you on him. He was in good condition this fall, and has not run with any horse that could put him at half speed towards the end of the race. N. B The hon. J. Randolph, by whom he was bred, considers RINALDO, one of the best sons of Sir Archie, and superior to him in some respects, being "free from some defects in Sir Archie's symmetry." THE FARMER BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, AUGUST 3, 1827. To the valuable repository, of which the following is the prospectus, we have been indebted for several articles of much interest-we shall be glad to forward the names of any who may desire to subscribe. I am very much pleased with the wheat fan I purchased from you, and wish you to send me another in every respect like it, with an onion riddle of the same sized wire. I remain, your friend, The wheat fan you sent me by Capt. Delahay, I con- An Essay addressed to the Tobacco Planters, on the cultivation and curing of that article for market-A Description of the Agriculture and Productions of Louisiana, Felix Pascalis of New York on Silk Worms and Mulberry trees-Letter from Lieut. Col. S. H. Long of [the United States Topographical Engineers to Philip E. Thomas, Esq. on Rail-roads, with Tables showing the The subscriber offers for sale at his Agricultural Ware-Female Industry, work performed in one year, by Mrs. comparative advantages of Canals, Rail-roads, &c. &c.house as above, the following articles, viz: three hun-Freelove Drury-Poetry, Love in Paradise--Population dred well made and well assorted Ploughs, made of the Tables, from Darby's Geographical Dictionary, showProspectus. The primary object of this publica- best materials, and on Gideon Davis' latest improve-ing the average increase of Population, &c. &c.-Sir tion is to contribute to the physical well-being of the ments. the merits of which are well known to the pub- Archie and his son Rinaldo-Boston Medical Intelligen THE BOSTON MEDICAL INTELLIGENCER. lic-Rhodes' Patent Shifting Mould-board and Hillside community. This is to be attempted by aiding pa- Ploughs-Cast and Wrought Iron Cultivators-Brown's rents in their endeavours to give their children good Vertical Spinners for spinning wool. His patented Cyhealth, and good constitutions,-and by assisting lindrical Straw Cutter, (which has never been equalled adults to preserve and improve that frame and tempe-in any country)--Washing Machines on an improved rament with which their Creator has endowed them. and simple plan-Patent Corn Shellers-Caststeel Axes Some knowledge of the structure and economy, and Carpenter's Hatchets, warranted-and very supe cer-Advertisements-Prices Current. Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Tor, corner of St. Paul and Market-sts., where every description of Book and Job Printing is handsomely executed. No. 21.-VOL. 9. AGRICULTURE. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, AUGUST 10, 1827. AGRICULTURE OF NEW ENGLAND. 161 year, and the commencement of this season, have ter, or gypsum. We also use compounded ma occasioned these deficiencies. But the crops of nures, called compost, made of earth taken from wheat, rye, peas, barley and oats, appear remarka- low places, or ditches, ponds and swamps; the mat bly well. The product will be large, and of a good ter of the chip-yard, and from every spot where (From the unpublished agricultural correspondence of quality. The harvest is just beginning, and is later rich, decayed matter may be found; the top of com G. W. JEFFREYS, of North Carolina.) than usual by about two weeks. The article potatoes, mon earth to the depth of the soil; ashes, lime, and are raised this year in uncommon quantities. They barn-yard matter, all thrown together, and mixed Pittsfield, August 6, 1807. are not only necessary to us as food, but equally so with the plough or shovel, and then heaped and GEORGE WASHINGTON JEFFREYS, ESQ. for fatting hogs and cattle, sheep, horses, &c. Ex-suffered to rest through the season, only ploughing Sir,-Your favour of the 15th of July reached perience has settled it, that they are doubly useful it down, say once, and heaping it. By this process me the 29th, and I avail myself of the first leisure by boiling them, or steaming them. They are usu- it will become very strong, and is the best kind of moment to answer it. It is with pleasure that I ally washed clean, and boiled in a large kettle, or manure. It should be carried out in the fall on the comply with your request, not from the impression placed in large casks and steam passed in at the wheat fallow, and ploughed in when the wheat is that I can be very useful, but from a disposition bottom of the cask, by which they are rendered soft sown; or used in the spring, which is preferable. It which I have long indulged, of endeavouring to be and dry, and fit for any use. Potatoes have been will answer for any crop. We have recently dis30. Being placed at the head of the Berkshire As-increasing in use as their utility have become known covered marls in this town and county, in plenty. sociation for the promotion of Agriculture and Ma--and since the failure of our late crop of Indian This discovery will prove of immense value to us. nufactures, has put it into my power to exercise on corn, have been used as a substitute. Peas and It is usually found in low, flat lands, near the maran enlarged scale my prevailing disposition, and to oats are used with the prepared potatoes, for fatting gin of ponds and lakes, and rivers. In your coun execute several important arrangements, in refe- pork, cattle, &c. We usually grind the peas and try, it would be more valuable than the mines of rence to these great and invaluable interests, on the oats coarsely, and swell the flour with hot water, or Potosi. It is a species of manure suited to almost successful progress of which essentially depends the boil the oats and peas soft. They are rendered every soil and climate. It will be well to search for expectation of relief from such embarrassments as doubly useful by this preparation. it. It usually will be found near the surface of the press severely on every part of our country, and of The grasses most in use in the north and east, are earth, or within twelve or eighteen inches depth. our future welfare and advancement to that opu- English-red and white clover, herd's-grass, and Our domestic animals, in summer, are uniformly lence and independence so desirable to individuals red top. The English grass is valuable for hay, kept in pastures, with enclosures, and salted once and to a nation. With reference to such an im- but unless on a strong soil, or well manured, does or twice a week. Sheep are usually pastured on proved state of things, this society has laboured not yield plentifully. Red clover is most valuable high lands, and such as are pretty dry, and have constantly, and by all the means it possessed, to for hay, or pastures. It is best suited to a dry soil, thick short grass. Our horses are kept much in the excite a spirit of inquiry into our condition as a will flourish in any season, whether wet or dry, hot same way. Cows for the dairy, and fatting cattle nation, in all its relations at home and abroad, and or cold. It usually takes a deep root, and is wel! are kept in other pastures by themselves, and have to attract attention to the resources which our adapted to your soil and climate. The best way to the best feed. White and red clover constitute the country possesses, to insure to all descriptions of sow it is with wheat, or rye, barley, &c. and plough best pastures; but many of our pastures have a our citizens abundant wealth and happiness, and to it in quite shallow, and harrow it smooth and roll it mixture of natural grasses that answer well for all excite individuals to associate, and the nation to well down with a roller drawn by a pair of horses. sorts of animals. When cold weather approaches, patronize these efforts. To effect these purposes, The quantity sown to the acre, is usually from 8 to and the earth does not yield food for the stock, they associations have been promoted in every part of 10 pounds. It will continue about four years good, are driven to pens or yards adjoining some barn, or the United States. The success of these endea- and the land is then in the best state for a crop of place where the forage is deposited; adjoining vours has been great, and perhaps exceeded expec- wheat. This grass is very profitable for pasturing which yards there are commonly in this climate tation. The associations for agricultural and ma- of creatures of every kind, and especially hogs. It some slight sheds, with racks to contain the fonufacturing purposes are multiplying, and are be- usually yields a great supply and continues through rage, and below and under them a sort of trough, coming active and influential. We already see the the season fresh and good. White clover is only made of boards, to save what fine and valuable first and the best men of our country devoting used for pasturing, and is remarkably rich and va- stuff may fall from the racks. Our best pleathemselves to these enterprizes. In pursuing the luable in the early part of the season. It may be sure and working horses, oxen, and cows that give measures to succeed our plans, a national board of sowed as the other kinds, only about half or two-milk, are placed in proper stables with racks and agriculture, has been deemed necessary. Accord-thirds the quantity of seed. Herd's-grass is in vaingly, at the last session of Congress, this Society lue next to red clover. It grows tall and large, and made an application for a law to erect such an in- is a rich and durable grass. The proper soil for it, stitution, and the bill for it was prepared, and was is any good yellow or brown mould or soil, or clay, twice read and met the general support, and would or land that is low, flat and rather wet. This may have passed into a law had the session have con-be sowed like the others, or harrowed in, which is tinued three days longer. It will be resumed early preferable. The quantity sown on an acre is usualnext session, and no doubt exists of its passing to a ly from six to eight quarts; however, from four to law. This great and useful measure was counte-six will do well in a good soil. This is an excellent nanced by the late President, and by the chief men grass for hay, and is easily made. Our farmers of either party. Its success will produce great and more commonly mix the red clover and herd's-grass incalculable benefits to the United States. It will where they stock land. It makes the crop stand up possess a general superintendance of our rural pur- better, and cattle seem to like the mixture better. suits, and it will have the means of collecting all The proportions commonly are, six pounds of clothe information which the world possesses on all ver and two quarts of herd's-grass. I recominend that relates to agriculture, and of spreading it over these grasses and the mixture to your trial. Our the nation by the medium of the sub, or auxiliary late father of the country, the immortal Washing- the winter and cold, are kept in yards open to the societies; and in turn, these societies will increase ton, was among the first to adopt these grasses, and air and winds, with slight sheds to cover them from the general mass of information of the board of to cultivate them most extensively on his plantation. storms. These yards are furnished with racks and agriculture, by communications of such discoveries, They fully answered his expectation, and were ex-mangers under them to secure the forage, which experiments and improvements, as their various and tremely profitable. numerous opportunities will afford. Thus, sir, a system is arranged that promises unexampled success and prosperity to every section of our country, should we possess the requisite wisdom and energy to give it a fair experiment. I have, sir, presumed to offer these general remarks, before I made an immediate reply to your inquiries, that you, and all our worthy friends in the south, may be in possession of our views in the north, and determine for themselves the propriety of sustaining them. We are now in the midst of hay-making. The season has delayed the usual time of this business three weeks. The crops of grass are not so large as formerly. The cold and dry weather of the last No. 21.-VOL. 9. Red top grass is peculiarly fitted to low, wet, swamp land. It is a tall, rich, and good grass for cattle, and yields abundantly. It is usually sown after clearing such lands, and harrowed in, at the rate of from four to six quarts the acre. It will always remain good, if not cut too early. It should be cut when so far ripe as that some of the seed will shell. Clover must be cut when it turns and begins to seed. It must be made with care, and not dried too much. Herd's-grass should be cut when the seed begins to set, and cured moderately. mangers, and fed at pleasure. Our forage consists of hay, wheat, rye, barley, oat and pea straw, and corn stalks, including the top and bottoms; also the husks taken from the Indian corn, and all the chaffs from the threshed grain. These are usually fed out several times during the day, in small quantities, so that nothing be wasted. The milch cows, and working horses, and oxen, and fatting creatures, are kept on the best forage; often fed with grain or potatoes twice a day. The young cattle, and stock not used, are carefully fed on the poorer forage, with salting, or sprinkling of brine on the forage once or twice a week. This treatment will preserve the animals all in good flesh, and will make the young stock thrive, grow and improve, which is all-import ant during the winter season. Our sheep, during sheep are apt to waste. These racks are made of small teeth, or standards, so near to each other, as only to admit the sheep's nose. The mangers save that which falls from the racks, and may be used to feed them once or twice a week with Indian corn, oats or potatoes. We so manage our sheep as not to have them drop the lambs until about the last of April. Your climate will admit of an earlier time. The sheep like pea straw and oat straw much, and the tops of Indian corn. We fat our hogs on boiled, or steamed potatoes; boiled pumpkin, at meal and Indian corn meal all These grasses are all much benefited by manure. mixed together, and made into a mush. We also We use common barn-yard manure, well rotted; use peas, boiled, or soaked or ground in the same also ashes, leached and unleached; lime, and plais-mixture; occasionally feeding some Indian corn, and towards the last stage of the fatting we use Indian and horses, a small quantity of oat, or Indian meal, ly the Swedish turnips, and the common turnips of The farming implements used in New England, I should suppose, would be equally useful to you. As aids to direct you in all the details of good Such as our ploughs, of different sizes and structure; and profitable rural management, permit me to re- our several kinds of harrows; and our rollers to During the period of grass, we feed little or no commend to your examination, "Dean's New Eng smooth land and secure the crops which the winter grain to our work horses on the farm; but usually land Farmer, or Georgical Dictionary." Also, the colds may have thrown up and exposed to the surfeed them with oats, when on journies to market."Massachusetts Agricultural Repository and Jour-face of the earth In Dean's Dictionary you will The sheep we now possess have been improved nal;" which contain a vast collection of useful mat- learn how to build this implement. The cost is triremarkably by the importation of Spanish sheep, ters for the last twenty years. Also the Pennsylva- fling, and it is a most useful article. We use rakes and by selecting our breeds and crossing them until nia Journal, and collection of valuable papers on to gather our hay, and scythes to cut it. We use our flocks have become extremely valuable and nu- the same subjects, compiled under the Agricultural cradles to cut our grain. This is a most useful immerous. Our flocks now contain from 50 to 1500; Society of that state, at Philadelphia, of which plement, and a man can perform as much work with and some have more than five thousand. In conse-Judge Peters has been, and yet is the president. it as four can by sickles. I suppose you use horses quence of these acquisitions, we have now a quan- These essays and collections of experiments suited and mules to perform your work. The latter will tity of wool larger than our own consumption. It sells to our soil and climate, will furnish you with almost best answer your purpose, and you can obtain them from 33 to 100 cents a pound, as its quality is. We all that is known in relation to agriculture, and our in this quarter in great numbers, and at fair prices. possess numerous establishments for manufacturing domestic animals. And in reference to our animals, Our people furnish, yearly, large numbers for Mathis wool. We have three in this town; with one of 1 recommend to you Lawrence's treatise on this im- ryland and Virginia. Can you use oxen, as we do, which I am connected. We manufacture much portant department of our pursuits. for ploughing and tilling the fields? We prefer oxen, broad cloths, and of an excellent quality, and are I have now, I believe, touched on all the subjects and they are more commonly used by our best farwell approved in the market We can rival foreign of your inquiry. I have endeavoured to answer mers. Horses are more expensive and worthless cloths, and do sell cheaper, when fair sales are your purposes, and if am understood, you will have when old. But oxen may be fatted at any age, and made. Manufactures of various commodities, to a a pretty correct idea of the state of things here, are always valuable. I will now close my letter, for great value, are produced in this and other parts of and of our most improved modes of managing our I fear your patience will be exhausted. I ought to New England. Nothing is requisite to give them rural employments. I do not imagine that I have apologize for writing in so desultory a manner; but perfect success, and to render our country indepen-communicated any thing new, or unknown to you. my avocations have led to it. dent of Europe, but the same measures of protec-I may have the satisfaction of furnishing you with a I am, with great consideration, tion which the powers of Europe have adopted to sketch of New England husbandry. It will, sir, afYour humble servant, promote the same manufactures among themselves ford me pleasure to retain your correspondence, and This protection, we confidently expect, Congress to be ready, as I am disposed, on every occasion, to will provide at the next session; and should it hap-be useful to you. At present, the funds of our sopen, it will become an era distinguished for the most auspicious prospects for our agriculture. It then would never fail of producing to the farmer and proprietor an adequate compensation for all capital invested and labour bestowed. THOMAS GOLD. (From the Richmond Enquirer.) TO THE TOBACCO PLANTERS. (Concluded from page 154.) PRESSING IN HOGSHEAD. edges up, which causes the bundles in sampling to come out very straight, and of a very handsome appearance. This is the best mode. As many of the essential properties of this delicious plant are very volatile, the sooner it is well cured and pressed in hogsheads, the better, and the hogsheads cannot be too tight. And when a crop comes in early, and can be well cured in autumn, ciety are not equal to our wishes, or to the publick exigencies. We have a moderate annual grant from our state to aid us, and we usually expend $600 yearly. As soon as our late war burthens are disposed of, we shall receive probably very considera- The leaves in the bundles, which should not conOn the score of economy, in the use of our forage, ble aids from government. Situated as we are, we tain more than four to six, should be arranged besides the use of racks and mangers, various inven- shall diligently and faithfully pursue our object; and straight and parallel with each other, not folded one tions have been resorted to, to prepare the forage although we shall not surround our course with that within another-nor for the leaves in one bundle to for consumption-particularly the several kinds of brilliancy of glory which has been attached to mili- mix with those of another. Some planters are in straw. In consequence of the scarcity of forage in tary and political pursuits, we shall not fail of laying the habit of packing their bundles very straight in New England, and its great advance in price dur- the foundations of national and individual wealth large buiks, and pressing them down with heavy ing the last three or four years, the Massachusetts and independence, which shall become as impe- weights in proper order for pressing in hogsheads: Society for promoting agriculture, offered a hand-rishable as are the great resources of nature. and when they pack them in hogsheads, turn them some premium for the invention of some machine, I shall be much obliged to hear from you the pre-up edgewise, and pack the flat sides close together, by which our forage of every kind might be better sent state of your agriculture, and of your manufitted for the consumption of animals. In conse- factures, and of your prospects of success in these quence of this notice, a Mr. Hotchkiss invented a great pursuits. machine, called a straw cutter, and offered it to the The above books referred to may be had at Bossociety. An experiment was made of it, and it was ton and Philadelphia. I often read the Georgics adopted, and the premium paid. It proves to be an of Virgil, which were written expressly by him acquisition of the greatest benefit to all who keep to reanimate the prostrated spirit of his countrymen any sort of domestic animals. The last season we after long and destructive civil wars, and to excite made a full and perfect experiment, and we have them to resume with energy their rural affairs and pressed in hogsheads at that season, it should recommended the invention, and it has gone into Those books contain nearly all the essential modes be done. It will be more potent, contain more stageneral use. Several improvements have been add-of good farming which are used at this day. If mina, and retain more of the fragrant and odorifeed to the original invention; and several other in-you have never read them, they will delight and in-rous essences, as it will imbibe much more of them ventions have been offered for the same purpose, form you. If you have forgotten them by non-use, in autumn than at any other season of the year, bewhich claim great merit, and may answer as well, as is too much the practice among scholars, it will cause the atmosphere contains more at that season and cost less. The expense of these machines is renew your former satisfaction in retracing them. than any other, in consequence of there being more from $12 to $25. They are simple, firm, and will They will be found in both Latin and English. Be-imparted to the air from the decline of vegetation endure long use. The saving in forage is about one fore I close my letter, it occurs to me to recommend at that period, when the vegetable kingdom renders half. Experiment will decide it, by using a given to you the cultivation of the Scarcity Wort, so call-up to the atmosphere, much of the valuable, and Bumber of pounds of hay, or other forage, to certain ed. It is now coming into use, and is by far the most of the delicious excellencies, to the transmianimals, uncut, and then an equal quantity cut. It most profitable root raised. It produces a large top grating elements of heat, moisture and air; and as cuts up all forage very fine, so as to reduce it to and may be cut for cows and animals about the tobacco has very attracting powers, and great capamere chaff. In this way we cut our good and poor house, two or three times the season, and the root city to receive, it has very great influence over hay, and mix them; also all sorts of straw, and par-grows very large, and may be fed to your creatures. those substances which dying and decaying vegetaticularly corn stalks, in which there is the greatest You can procure the seed at Philadelphia. Judge tion throws out to the winds, through the agency of saving. This, in your country, would prove no or- Peters highly approves of this cultivation. caloric and moisture. I have never known tobacco dinary acquisition. We use in feeding our cows I would also recommend to you to cultivate large-in hogsheads to be so exquisitely fine and high fla |