the British grasses; much assistance may be expected from his patriotic exertions. for the celebrated Leghorn plait, and which was also said to have been imported from thence, was sown on a siliceous soil, rather poor and exhausted, on the 27th of May. Five different varieties of oats were sown at the same time, and also a considerable number of the different species of perennial grasses, on a separate space of ground. "Festuca duriuscula, hard fescue grass, p. 155. | turing with sheep than if it consisted of one species Straw long, equal, and clear; but coarser than the of grass only. sheep's-fescue. "Festuca ovina hordeiformis, long-awned sheep's- Dry soils. house's celebrated bonnet was made. "Hordeum pratense, p. 314. Straws of the best quality for the Leghorn plait, being fine, tough, and clear. "The results of all the experiments made here prove, that the period of flowering, or at the time the grass is in full flower, or when the blossom is about decaying, is the best stage of growth at which to cut the culms or straw, for the purpose of Leghorn plait.* the "The Duke and Duchess of Bedford, being desirous of introducing the manufacture of this kind of straw-plait among the children of the labouring classes at Woburn, and in furtherance of the intention of his Grace to establish here a girls' school for the purpose, combining therewith, at the same time, the means of moral and religious instruction "The culms or green straw may be bleached by to the children, I was instructed to proceed in the the process detailed by Mr. Cobbett. The culms cultivation of such grasses as were most likely to being selected and placed in a convenient vessel, «Cynosurus cristatus, crested dog's-tail grass, P: boiling water is poured over them, in quantity suffisupply the best culms or straw for the purpose. The wheat recommended by Mr. Cobbett, and which 152. Straw fine, strong, or tough, well adapted cient to cover the straw; in this they are to remain was said to be the same as that cultivated in Italy for the Leghorn plait, but the culms are frequently ten minutes: when thus scalded, the culms are to be subject to discoloration, particularly after the time spread out on a grass-plat to bleach; by turning of flowering. "Poa angustifolia, narrow-leaved meadow-grass, ed in seven or eight days. According to my expethem once a day, the bleaching is generally effectP. 194. Straws very long, fine, and clear, greatly rience, the bleaching may be effected in a much superior to the Poa pratensis, of which Miss Wood-shorter space of time. Instead of ten minutes, the culms are suffered to remain in the scalding water from one to two hours; they are then spread out on grass, and regularly moistened as they become “Anthoxanthum odoratum, sweet-scented vernal dry, and turned once a day for two days: after this grass, p. 134. Straws clear and straight, but fre-t is taken up and washed clean from dust, &c. It is then, in a moist state, placed in a close vessel, and quently rather coarse. subjected to the fumes of burning sulphur for two hours. This has been found sufficient to bleach the Green culms, straw in the most perfect manner. immersed for ten minutes in a strong solution of acetic acid, and then subjected to the sulphureous acid gas, are bleached perfectly white in half an hour. Green culms, immersed for fifteen minutes in muriatic acid diluted with twenty times its meain four days as perfectly bleached as those culms sure of water, and then spread on the grass, became which were scalded and bleached eight days on the grass. The texture of the straw was not in the least injured by these processes. The application of the sulphureous acid gas to the moistened culms,t even after scalding and bleaching on the grass, had, in every instance, the effect of greatly improving the colour, and that without being productive of the smallest injury to the texture of the straw. "The wheat was sown on two distinct spaces of ground, at the rate of ten and of fifteen bushels to the acre respectively; and each of these spaces was again divided as to the mode of culture, one half of each respectively being sown in drills, and the other half broad-cast. The oats were treated in like manWhen the wheat came into blossom, it proved to be the common bearded spring or cape wheat, which in this climate is very subject to the rust disease, or rubigo; and its power to supply clean or bright straw is therefore rendered very uncertain, even should a mode of culture be found out, under ner. the circumstances of a British climate, that would afford culms or straw of this grain sufficiently fine, and at the same time of a texture sufficiently tough and firm for the Leghorn plait; but experience will prove, that these last mentioned properties are not to be obtained here by this plant. "Agrostis lobata, lobed bent-grass, p. 273. Straws "Agrostis canina mutica, brown-bent, p. 341. Straw longer than that of the preceding, in all other respects similar to it. Agrostis stolonifera angustifolia, narrow-leaved stoloniferous bent, p. 346. Straw long, tough, bleaches equally of a fine white. 66 "Agrostis alba, white-bent, p. 342. Straw fine, tough, bleaches well. Straw "Agrostis stricta, upright bent, p. 274. "Poa nemoralis angustifolia, narrow-leaved wood Damp or Moist Soils. "W. P. Taunton, Esq. of Bristol, communicated "Agrostis canina fascicularis, bundled-leaved a specimen of wheat cultivated in Italy for the Leg-brown-bent, p. 278. Straw very fine and white. horn plait; this proved to be a specimen of the Triticum spella, or spelt-wheat (see p. 115 supra,)Mr. Taunton states, that in Italy the wheat cultivated for the straw is cut over twice or thrice, or is eaten down by cattle, so as to render the culms which afterwards spring up very slender. The long Italian summer allows of that mode of culture, which this climate will not permit. The straw of Mr. Cobbett's wheat proved too coarse for Leghorn plaits, but would have answered for the split-straw manufacture. The straw of the fine varieties of oats were also too coarse, though clean and of good colour. The expense attending the culture of grain for the straw merely, and the difficulty of raising it of the required degree of fineness for the Leghorn plait, without increased labour and expense in picking, seem to forbid the adoption of that mode of ob taining straw in this country for that particular purpose, more particularly when the perennial grasses offer culms or straw of a finer quality than is seen in any Italian plait, and which may be obtained at comparatively a very small expense. There are many species of perennial grasses adapted to supply fine and beautiful straw, the principal of which have already been noticed; but as several of these species of grasses affect soils of a different nature, it may be useful to mention the different soils peculiarly adapt ed for the growth of certain species, that those who may be locally circumstanced as to a particular soil, and who may be disposed to encourage the introduc tion of so valuable a manufacture among the females of the labouring classes, may be saved the temporary disappointment caused by cultivating a grass not adapted to the soil, or not calculated to afford the finest straw for the intention. "Agrostis stolonifera aristata, awned stoloniferous bent, p. 345. Straw long, equal, and bleaches very white, but works rather soft and flat in the plait.There are many other species of the perennial grass es which afford fine culms, and which might be added to the above list; but the above species have been submitted to careful trials, and found to possess the valuable properties stated. Any number of these species of grasses which come into flower at the same period, and which affect similar soils, might with advantage be sown together for the reasons already mentioned at p. 38. There is scarcely a fibrous-rooted species of grass that can be cultivated singly without much time and attention, and consequently expense, in weeding or keep ing out other grasses from combining with it in the soil: whereas, by sowing a mixture of those species which in common possess the properties above mentioned, they will keep possession of the soil, and Heath, or black siliceous Moor-soil. Sce p. 119. render weeding almost unnecessary; and after the "Festuca ovina, sheep's-fescue grass. p. 257. Straw crop of straws is taken, the grass or sward will very fine and clear. be found more nutritious and productive for depas "When straw is immersed in diluted acid it should be whole, for if cut, the acid will get into the hol *On examining the straw of the Leghorn plait, it exhibits a bland surface compared to the glossy shining surface of an English bonnet manufactured of the ripened straw of oats, &c. On comparing the appearance, in this respect, of the culms of grasses cut when in flower, with others cut at the time the seed is ripe, and after they have respectively been bleached, the former have a bland surface like to the Leghorn plait, and the latter a glossy shining surface similar to the English bonnet made of the split straw of ripened grain. The culms at the flowering stage of growth are also less hollow, have more substance, are more tough and pliable than ripened culms, and in this point also resemble more the Leghorn straw. It is perhaps too well known to mention here, that the shining glossy surface of ripened straw arises from the silica or pure earth of flints, which enters into the composition of the culms of the gramina; a wise provision of nature to give strength and stability to stems of such slender structure for the support of the ripened seed or grain. As the period of ripening the seed advances, this polish of the surface of the culm increases. From these facts it seems probable that the Italian straw is taken when the plants are in flower. It is necessary that moisture should be on the straw during the application of the fumes of sulphur, to obtain the greatest use of the gas; for water absorbs this gas with rapidity, and the water in this process assists the action of the gas in destroying the colouring matter of the straw without injury to its texture. A liquid sulphureous acid is formed on the surface of the straw during the process. A few laths fixed in the ground, and some others placed crossways, formed a platform for the culms of the grasses in these trials, an iron pan held the burning sulphur; and a large tub inverted on the lath platform confined the fumes of the sulphur to the moistened straw. low of the culm, where it can be of no use to the above the following prices: Wheat .83 to 35; rye | this credit? It may not be known to many gentleintention of bleaching. 20 to .25; corn .18 to 20; oat. 124; hay $3 to 4 per men, that the nurserymen do not save all their "To imitate, in the most perfect manner, the ton; potatoes 15 to .20; apples will not pay for ga- own seeds, for the very same reason that the garLeghorn plait, the straws should be plaited the re thering. These you will say are gloomy prospects dener cannot; namely, for the want of extent, and verse way of the common English split straw-plait. for the farmer. But I fear a still greater evil awaits yet there are several nurseries above 60, and some In the English plait, the straws are flattened by a us. Our numerous and fine flocks of sheep on which above 100 acres. small band-mill made for the purpose, but the Leg much labour has been bestowed, and considerable Flower seeds may with greater facility be obtainhorn plait has the straws worked without flattening, capital employed, and which were becoming the ed, where there is a large flower-garden, and the and pressure is applied after the plait is made.-pride and boast of our country, if no change takes season favourable for ripening; but in many parts of These two points are essential to be observed by place, must soon vanish from our hills. With the the country tender annuals, when planted out in the those who wish to rival the finest Leghorn manu- exception of a few of the finest kinds they will not flower garden, will not in wet seasons ripen their seeds facture. By reversing the common mode of plait-compensate the farmer for their keeping. and seed-pods, and the withered flowers that neces ing, the fingers have a much greater power of knitsarily accompany them are at all times unsightly in ting firmly and intimately the straws, and the round such a situation. But suppose beauty no object, or unflattened state of the straws allows of their still in a wet season, or when by any other cause a being more closely knitted; a circumstance that crop fails, the gardener can have no other altergives an appearance of fineness to the real Leghorn native but to apply to the nurseryman for a supplait, which, had the straws been flattened or millply for the ensuing year; and that gardener must ed, would have appeared coarse, and the manufac-a still further depreciation in the value of real pro- be hardly dealt with, if, notwithstanding the reasons ture of a less firm texture. Specimens of plait made perty. The prices of the products of our soil must above stated, his employer insists upon his saving of the culms of the above-mentioned grasses prov- always regulate the value of lands. B. all his seeds ed this clearly; and to derive all the advantages of a finer material than the Italians possess, and which is to be found in the culms of our perennial grasses, it appears essential that the superior manual process of the Italians in plaiting, which they have acquired by experience and long continued practice, should here be adopted; and there appears to be no manufacture." PROSPECT OF CROPS. Ballstown, July 14th, 1827. SIR, DEAR SIR, I remain, yours. &c. WM. GORDON VER PLANCK. Myrtle Grove, near Easton, July 16, 1827. I shall endeavour to get my rare-ripe wheat ready for market early in August, when those who want may be supplied from Mr. James Barroll, and if farmers wish to try it, and applications are made for it, the time when it will be ready will be notified in the American Farmer. What then must we next turn our hands to? Must HORTICULTURE. (From Loudon's Gardener's Magazine.) To conclude, I maintain that the business of seed saving is quite a different branch of horticulture from that professed by gentlemen's gardeners, whose business it is to obtain and furnish for their master's tables every thing in as well as out of season, especially where forcing is carried on to any extent, and not to keep things back to mature their I am, sir, &c. seeds for another season. SILK. On Saving Garden Seeds by Gentlemen's Gardeners. reason to doubt but that the manufacture of straw By an Old Gardener. bonnets may be brought to a greater degree of Sir,-Some gentlemen require their gardeners to perfection in England than it has yet arrived at AN OLD GARDENER. in Italy, and that, if properly encouraged. Bri-save all their own seeds, and that from one garden, It would be easy to point out the utter impossibitain, instead of importing, will export the finest particularly if the garden is of considerable size; and in case of failure from wet or dry seasons, such lity of any gardener saving the whole, or even any as the last, the gardener, if unfortunately he can- considerable part of the garden seeds, and at the not save enough of seeds for his use, incurs his same time having the sorts true to their characters. master's displeasure, if not his discharge. My ob- How very easily varieties of the Brassica family ject is to show to these gentlemen that the thing may be contaminated; and what important consecannot be done beyond the commonest sort of peas, quences result from their contamination, may be beans, potatoes, &c. Many gentlemen are not seen in a long account of a law-suit on the subject, aware that the seeds of the whole tribe of Brassica in the Farmer's Magazine, vol. x. p. 2. A garden plants, including all the varieties of cabbage, cauli-of 5000 acres would not be sufficient to admit of a flower, brocoli, Brussels sprouts, brocole, savoy, gardener saving the requisite varieties of Broccoli turnip, &c. &c. will become hybridised by the pol-with the certainty of having them true, since it is len of the flowers coming in contact promiscuously. proved that bees will go two miles in quest of flowAs most of those plants flower at the same time, ers. Hence the great care of the London seedsnot only the wind, but the bees, butterflies, and men in having their seeds grown in different parts other insects, are sufficient to effect an intermix-of the country, distant from each other. We should, ture of the pollen. If the whole be in one garden, however, be glad first to hear what can be said on the saving the seeds of such a variety of sorts as this subject by gardeners of more experience than are wanted by the gardener, cannot possibly be ac- ourselves. [Editor N. E. Farmer. complished; a disappointment not easily to be enOur crops have suffered severely on this shore-dured must take place. To have his cauliflowers a great deal of red wheat was not worth cutting- genuine and early, his brocoli of sorts (six at least) lawler the same-white wheat extremely injured, true, his cabbage early and late, so as not to disapExtract of a letter from Mr. Henry Bry, an inhabithough some good crops on forward lands near the point him at the time they are most wanted; his turtant of Washita, to one of his friends in New Orwaters. But, Talbot, and I fear none of the other nips of the different varieties, not to mention letleans, dated 27th ult. counties in this quarter, will be able to send more tuce, radishes, onions, carrots, &c-which, it is than half a crop to market, and much of that of in- well known, are as easily hybridised by proximity different quality. as the Brassica tribe,-is not possible, unless the seeds are saved from plants growing at proper distances from each other; and I maintain that the limits of any garden, however large, do not admit Dear Sir, Washington county, Penn., July 19, 1827. of their being placed at this distance. Perhaps a We have just secured the most abundant crops garden of ten acres, (and there are very few in the ever seen in this county. Our wheat, rye and bar-country which can boast of such an extent,) may portant than might be supposed. This part of the ley are abundant. The oats and grasses, unusually be thought by many to answer all the purposes of state is peculiarly favourable to the raising of silk so. Corn looks very promising, and the fruit trees seed saving: but it is a well known fact, that an in-worms, and I communicate the circumstance to you, of every kind, scarcely able to bear their loads. termixture of the pollen has been effected at a much because I know that you take interest in every thing During the months of May and June there have greater distance than such a garden will afford; which may be useful to our country. I shall be not been more than three or four days together, consequently, disappointments must ensue of a na able to distribute from ten to fifteen thousand eggs, without refreshing rains, and yet we have had no ture calculated to endanger the gardener in his situ and about one thousand mulberry plants. It is profloods to destroy our meadows, or injure our corn ation. The established nursery and seedsmen of bable that in four or five years, the inhabitants of fields. The depth of rain that fell in May, was celebrity round the metropolis may always be de- our pinewoods, who have no slaves, will apply them3 3-10, and in June 5 4 10 inches. pended upon for correctness in their different varie-selves to this branch of industry, for they make noMany of our pasture fields would now bear mow-ties of seeds, as their credit and success in trade thing by the raising of cotton." ing, but, I am sorry to say, I have been exhibiting depends on their particular attention to that depart the bright side of the picture-our prospects for ment of their business. But how do they maintain market were never much worse: at this time we I am, dear sir, your obedient serv't, have no fixed prices, and unless some market opens * It is now ascertained that we have in this county, yet unknown to us, I do not expect we shall realize upwards of one hundred and fifty thousand sheep. "Nothing new here except that I have just completed an education of silk worms, the eggs of which had been forwarded to me by mail, in a letter from Philadelphia. They have succeeded well. I never saw finer cods, and as I have also imported seeds of the white mulberry tree, which grow admirably well, I hope I shall be able to spread this new resource in my neighbourhood. It will be more im A correspondent of the New England Farmer remarks, that this is a good time to bud cherry trees of 15 or 20 years old. The process is thought to be safer than grafting. RURAL ECONOMY. ON THE SACCHARUM OF THE SWEET POTATO, AND ITS FITNESS TO MAKE BEER, By Robert Hare, M. D., Professor of Chemistry the University of Pennsylvania. TO JOHN HARE POWEL, Esq. Crystallizable sugar might be termed saccharine, since the terminating syllable of saccharum is ap inpropriated in chemistry to metals. The same word might, perhaps, be advantageously advantage to female industry. I-am not going to LADIES' DEPARTMENT. a Corres. Sec'y of the Penn. Agric. Soc'y. Dr. Tidyman, of South Carolina, lately supplied FEMALE EMPLOYMENTS AND DUTIES. me with some sweet potatoes, of a kind in which sweet matter is peculiarly abundant, and requested We have considered employment as necessary to that I would ascertain if there were any sugar in preserve our minds in that happy state of equilibrithem. Having pared, and by means of the instruum which is essential to good humour; but we might from such an ordinante; the readers of small wares ment used for slicing cabbages or cucumbers, re- have taken a more enlarged and formidable view of might hope to keep pace with the writers; and the duced them to very thin slices; about a pound was idleness, and described her effect upon the extremes price of paper would be diminished by the press beboiled in alcohol of the specific gravity of 845, of society, where she appears the close ally of dising only occupied with such works as are not the which appeared to extract all the sweetness, yet on sipation and profligacy. For, a perfect inactivity is labours of idleness. cooling, yielded no crystals of sugar. The solu repugnant to our natures; vice and mischief alike But, except in the inferior classes of society, fetion being subjected to distillation, till the alcohol spring from the source of indolence; and when we male industry is not compelled to constant diligence was removed, an uncrystallizable syrup remained. are not occupied in doing what is right, our frail na-in mechanical employment. We are designed to be In like manner, when aqueous infusions of the po-ture continually urges us to do what is wrong. the companions as well as the helpmates of man; tatoes were concentrated, by boiling or evaporation, With respect to employment women are more and it is as much our duty to render ourselves conthe residual syrup was uncrystalizable. It appears, happily circumstanced than the other sex; the im-versable and agreeable, by enlightening our minds, therefore, that the sweet matter of this vegetable is portant and fatiguing avocations of men necessarily as it is to superintend our households; and to endeaanalogous to molasses, or the saccharum of malt. impose seasons of inactivity; and unless among your by our personal exertions to conduct every Its resemblance to the latter was so remarkable, those of a literary turn, there are many hours in a thing with frugality and propriety. As the age seems that I was led to boil a wort, made from the pota-day which a man scarcely knows how to occupy. disposed to pay at least sufficient regard to what toes, of proper spissitude, say s. g. 1060, with a due That useful implement the needle, which is no in- are called accomplishments, some detached observaquantity of hops, about two hours. terruption to the conversation, which does not abso- tions on female studies shall form the subject of this It was then cooled to about 65 degrees, and yest lutely chain down attention, and fatigues neither the letter. was added. As far as I could judge, the phenome-body nor the mind, is our constant preservation When a competent stock of religious knowledge na of the fermentation, and the resulting liquor, from lassitude; at the same time that in the ma has been acquired in early life, we may safely turn were precisely the same as if malt had been used. jority of families it is an invaluable ally to econo- our minds from the word to the works of God; but The wort was kept in a warm place until the tem- my, neatness and elegance. I do acknowledge, I must especially press it upon mothers, that such perature 85 F. and the fall of the head showed the that sometimes, when it gets into the hand of a theological information as may insure stability of attenuation to be sufficient.* Yest subsequently pretty trifler, its productions deserves no better principle, should precede all but an elementary rose which was removed by a spoon. By refrige-name than labourer's idleness; but the thorough acquaintance with the sciences. Much injury, I ration a further quantity of yest precipitated, from housewife would not exchange it for the cestus of am persuaded, has been done by pursuing the conwhich the liquor being decanted, became tolerably Venus; and she knows how to make it as powerful trary order of instruction; for knowledge is exfine for new beer, and in flavour, exactly like ale talisman to preserve conjugal esteem and domestic tremely apt to puff up the minds of young students, who are soon satisfied with their own acquirements. I think the goddesses all excelled in the arts of Many have been taught to rest in second causes, female industry, except the hoyden Diana; and and many have been confused by such an erroneous you know she always continued a spinster. The application of abstract terms, as ascribes almost heroines of old time shone at the loom and distaff, divine powers to the passive instruments of the and were so passionately attached to these occupa Almighty. When we have learned to distinguish I believe it possible to make as good liquor from tions, that it is even recorded they sighed at being between the Creator and created; when we have malt in this country, as in England, but that in our called to look at martial beaux. The history of the obtained sufficient knowledge of the limits of huclimate much more vigilance is required to have it fair Nausica proves, that the operation of washing an understanding, to beware of pushing our ininvariably good, principally because the great and clothes was not only venerable and salutary, but quiries into those regions of obscurity, where reigns sudden changes of temperature, render malting really dignified. The Goddess of Wisdom descends the "God who hideth himself," when our faith is much more precarious. Should the saccharum of from Olympus to order a Princess to superintend too firmly built to be shaken by those difficulties the sweet potato prove to be a competent substitute the suds; and gives as the ostensible reason, that and objections which lurk at the threshold of scifor that of germinated grain, the quality will proba-such a housewife occupation would expedite the ence, and prove dangerous stumbling blocks to prebly be less variable, since its development requires time of her nuptials. cipitation and self-conceit, then, and not till then, but little skill and vigilance. I recommend this book of the Odyssey to our we may attempt to become philosophers: for the Besides, as it exists naturally in the plant, it may treble refined second-rate elegantes, who consider fruit of the tree of knowledge must not be gathered be had where it would be almost impossible to make, laundress as a more reproachful name than courte- in preference to the fruit of the tree of life. or procure malt. Hops, the other material for beer, re-zan; reminding them at the same time that the Great caution should be used in the selection of quire only picking and drying to perfect them for use."Father of verse" and first of mortal bards has im-authors from which we receive scientific instrucThey are indigenous to the United States, and mortalized that employment which they call servile tion. French writers have, generally, a pleasant may, no doubt, be raised in any part of our territory. and degrading; a convincing proof, that only false method of conveying information; but many of I have dried in my evaporating oven, some of the taste will consider that to be contemptible which their works (as also several popular German prosweet potatoes in slices. It seems to me that in is useful. The most distinguished women of our ductions of this kind,) are so tinctured with deism, this state they will keep a long while, and may country have handed down their names to poste- as to be unsafe preceptors; especially to inexpebe useful in making leaven for bread. They may rity, by excelling in works of taste and ingenuity.rience, which is ever more apt to be charmed by take the place of the malt necessary in a certain But we need not search old annals to describe wit and elegance, than attentive to argumentative proportion, to render distillers' wash fermentable. the tapestry and embroidery of our Matildas and deductions. My knowledge of the sciences is by The yest yielded by the potato beer, appeared in Marys; industry and taste still claim an intimate much too limited to permit me to state what books odour and flavour, to resemble that from malt beer alliance with royalty; and where they cannot excite would be most proper for tyros. I would only adsurprisingly, and the quantity, in proportion, was emulation at least rouse commendable, though hum-vise the young student to make fondness of princias great. In raising bread it was found equally ef ble imitation. ple an essential requisite in inquiries of this sort; ficacious. made from malt. I have computed that five bushels of potatoes, would produce as much wort as three bushels of malt; but I suppose that the residue would, as food for cattle, be worth half as much as the potatoes employed. I propose the word suavin, from the Latin suavis, sweet, to distinguish the syrup of the sweet potato. *In passing to this state, there should be a loss in gravity of about 4 per cent. order. I feel great pleasure in the expectation, that do- and never to venture on the perusal of a deistical ing nothing will speedily be as vulgar as being no-author, (however celebrated,) unless she be guided thing; and that those to whom useful employment in her studies by some judicious friend, who will is a positive duty, will be obliged to have recourse point out the objectionable passages and detect to it in order to be thought genteel. In one parti-the fallacies which they are intended to support.cular, I think the legislature might interfere with [Mrs. West. SPORTING OLIO. ། GODOLPHIN ARABIAN. (From the Petersburg Intelligencer.) produce the next spring was a colt, afterwards call heavier than the combustible; and that consequent- I am also desirous to obtain the pedigree of Hob Nob; to which I would add that of Tryall, two of our earliest imported horses. DEAR SIR, AUTHOR OF "ANNALS OF THE TURF." MISCELLANEOUS. COTTON BAGGING. Paterson, N. J. July 17, 1827. article. Extracted partly from the January [1827] number of the Paris Journal de Connaissances usuelles et Pratiques. I have read, with pleasure, Mellish's interesting account of the manner in which the Godolphin Arabian was obtained and brought to England. Wind has sometimes been employed in land transBut "Mellish" must pardon me in saying that his account portation. For several centuries it has been used of this celebrated horse, instead of reconciling, only for that purpose in China. As the Chinese do altends to increase the difficulties of what is, or is not most every thing by human labour and have but to be believed of his curious history. Lawrence, in few beasts of burthen, they resort a great deal to his splendid History of the English Blood Horse, hand-carts and wheelbarrows; which have but comsays that the Arabian was given, after his arrival in paratively been recently borrowed from them by England, to a Mr. Williams, of the St. James' cofsome countries of Europe, though even not yet unifee house, and through whom Lord Godolphin obversally adopted. Observing, that the wind urged tained him. If, according to Mellish's account, I formerly made cotton bagging 20 ounces avoir-forward boats upon the sea and rivers, they thought Lord Godolphin was so highly impressed with the depoise to the yard; but the price of cotton being of attaching small sails to their carts and barrows, high form and value of this Arabian, why did he then at 30 to 32 cents, it was required to weigh 24 and found that much labour was thus saved. This keep him as a mere teazer, a station to which The same increase of weight took place expedient, which prevails very generally in China, their most ordinary stallions are consigned? One in the Scotch bagging, for the same reason; the we ourselves might copy with advantage, whenever account represents the Godolphin Arabian as a strength of the cloth was not so much increased by circumstances are favourable. The story, some time ago in the English papers mere drudge, being actually employed in draw-it, but the planter received 45 cents for what cost ing carts along the streets of Paris. of a carriage drawn by enormous kites from LonIf the writer could see the bales made from cot-don to Bristol, and sometimes at the rate of twenty miles an hour, appears to have been a hoax. Lawrence, ounces. him 25 to 40. MEN RAISED BY MERIT. in his further history of this horse, says that he was "no beauty," but that he had very excellent ton arriving here, he would not recommend the and prominent points, and wonders that Lord Go-planters to make use of it; they are very much torn, dolphin, being so great an amateur and skilful and evidently will not bear the transportation. sportsman as he was, should have been indebted to If any planter will contract with me, I will enchance for a discovery of his valuable qualities. gage to deliver him 500 bales, of 60 yards each, There is one part of the history, and the most ma per annum, 42 inches wide, to weigh not less than terial of this celebrated horse, in which all concur, 20 ounces avoirdupoise to the yard, at 25 cents per that he proved himself the most valuable stallion yard, delivered and payable in New York. Mr. and application. Watt, the improver of the Steam that ever covered in England or any other country; cloth; and in New Orleans it was pronounced quite McLenahan, of your city, has had samples of our as all the finest horses, whether racers, foal getters, or brood mares, that have flourished for the last equal to the Scotch. century, have partaken more or less of his valuable blood. I am, truly and respectfully, It would afford me pleasure to give the desired J. S. Skinner, Esq. information respecting the list of horses which Mellish has subjoined to his essay. Jenny Cameron was not imported by Col. Byrd, but by the hon. John Tayloe, the father of the preent Col. Tayloe. She was got by Cuddy, a son of old Fox, out of the famous Miss Bellvoir, &c. Jeny Cameron had a filly by old Valiant, called Pom-a padour. Dabster was an imported horse, whose pedigree I am unacquainted with. Kouli Khan, I have understood, was got by Batt & Macklin's Young Fearnought. JOHN TRAVERS. Extracted partly from the Journal des Connaissances became one of the greatest men in the civilized Dr. Franklin, who from a Journeyman Printer world: and whose life, written by himself, is a beautiful illustration of what may be effected by industry est gifts ever bestowed on the human race by man, Engine, and thereby the donor of one of the greatwas a mathematical instrument maker, in a very humble sphere. His labours have benefitted mankind to the extent of thousands of millions; and his own family, by upwards of one million sterling,* Sir Richard Arkwright, the great improver of the Cotton Mill, was a common Barber. The great Dr. Hutton, was a Coal Porter. Huddart an eminent mathematician and machinist, and known from his improveSTAHL THE CHEMIST. ments in the manufacture of cordage, was a Shoe Ernest Stahl was born, in Germany, in 1660. At Maker. Brindley, a man brought forward by the very early age he displayed a great taste for che- Duke of Bridgewater, from the humble condition of mical inquiries. In 1723, he published his "Princi-a common laborer, unable to read or write, became ples" of that science, and became the father of a the greatest Civil Engineer of his day, for the connew theory that prevailed for a long time after him. struction of Canals.-Bramah was a common Joiner, He supposed that all combustible substances con- and established himself as a machinist in London, tained a matter which he called phlogiston; that the where he became celebrated for his various invenseparation of this matter from the bodies in which tions, among which his Hydrostatic Press, and his it resided, was what produced fire; and that to their Locks, stand pre-eminent.-Leslie, who fills a profesvarious combinations might be traced many other sor's chair in the University of Edinburgh, was a phenomena. Unfortunately like too many other common Shepherd Boy. Stevenson, who built the eminent men of his time, and of our own, he suffer-Light House on the Bellrock, (which is dry only once ed himself to become so much enamoured of his or twice for a few hours in the year,) a work of great As regards the pedigree or character of the rest fancied discovery, that although he was very obser- difficulty and merit, was a Tinplate worker. of the horses mentioned by Mellish, I am wholly vant and collected numerous important facts from unacquainted with them. I would thank Mellish to experiments, he distorted them all into the shapes give me,* (either by private letter or through the that seemed best to suit his new system. His coIntelligencer,) such information as he possesses re temporaries and disciples, with the same enthusigarding the character of the stock imported by Dr asm that gathered them, in later times, around the Charles Mayle, near the Great Bridge, in No folk chairs of Kant, Fichte, Arndte and Jahn, lavished county. Besides the imported horse Carver, Dr. upon him every mark of admiration, and accorded Mayle had two imported mares, which were sold at him with one acclaim the title of "Sublime." In the his sale in the year 1776-the one a bay, the other same way, that for many years, the German meta- *It is calculated that Watt's improvement of the steam a chestnut mare. The latter was bought by Wm. physicians confined themselves to being commen- engine is at present an annual saving of labor to Great Edwards, and carried to his residence, Hick's ford, tators on Kant, so the chemists laboured for fifty Britain of 25 millions sterling! And that, with a popuGreensville county, and put to old Fearnought, then years, only to demonstrate and establish the dociation of 14 millions, she is equal in resources, with owned by, and standing at Mr. Edwards'. The trines of Stahl. Indeed, they soon spread over Eu-assistance of the steam engine, to a population of 117 rope. But, about the period of the French revolu which Great Britain holds among the nations of Europe, millions! This will explain the power and the rank He can obtain my name from the Editors of the In- tion, Lavoisier completely overturned them, by being in resources actually superior to all that could elligencer. proving that the product of combustion was often unite against her. There was a mare called Stately, got by the imported horse Sober John, out of an imported mare. Nonpareil, I think, was got by old Fearnought. Spangloss was got by Junius, out of a Jolly Roger and Fearnought mare. Junius, by Col. Tayloe's Yorick. SINGULAR INSTANCE OF CANINE SAGACITY. One of the early settlers of this country, having been in the practice of visiting Connecticut for a number of years, on the annual return of the first of May, on which occasions a dog, which he had brought with him on his first removal in this state, was a party in his sojourns. This individual died about three years since; since which the dog has regularly peregrinated to his native state-that land of pumpkins, beauty, and happiness. THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, JULY 27, 1827. RINALDO. tion of the river this high up, is good, the depth of water being sufficient for steam boats and brigs at its lowest stage. The land affords convenient and excellent spring water, and as to the healthiness of the place, I would only observe, that for nearly or quite three The first journey of this animal, after the death years past, there has not been a fever in my family that has made the attendance of a physician necessary. My of his master, caused serious apprehensions for his At the particular instance of some gentlemen who reasons for wishing to sell this property are, that my safety: in fact, he was given up as a "gone dog." have valuable mares, RINALDO, that capital son of force is too weak to work it to the advantage of which He, however, returned, after an absence of about Sir Archy, bred by the hon. John Randolph, will be it is susceptible, and I wish to live more retired. I the same extent as that of his deceased master's brought to stand in the immediate neighbourhood have several lots in the village of Jackson, handsomely visits. On the return of the same season, he "took of Baltimore, during the month of August. situated, that I would also sell I think there is good leave of absence," and has recently returned, much He will be at the Stone Tavern on the Frederick from 50 to 100 hands, and this can be easily added to, land enough in the tracts before mentioned, to work travel worn and foot-sore, from the same pious pilroad, three miles from Baltimore, on Monday, and as there are public lands adjoining, that are yet to come grimage, somewhat disaffected at the dereliction in until Tuesday afternoon-at Beam's old Tavern on into market-Terms, one-third a the time of purchase, politics of his "steady habit" friends. the Reisterstown road, Wednesdays, Thursdays and the remainder in two equal annual instalments, with [Rochester Telegraph. Fridays-and on Saturdays at Potter's Canton Race approved security. Negroes of good qualities and chaCourse. He will cover at $15 the mare for the racter, would be taken at a fair valuation in part, and a month, or $10 the single leap, to be paid at the time. liberal deduction made, if the purchaser would pay He has proved himself an uncommonly sure getter down one-half, or the whole of the price at the time of of superior colts, and there is not on the side of the sale. Any further information can be had that may be dam (Miss Ryland by Gracchus, Duette by Silver-wanted, by letter addressed to me at Jackson, Clarke county, Alabama. tail, full bred son of Clockfast, Vanity, Celer, Mark July 27. Anthony, Jolly Roger,) as well as on that of his sire, a better bred horse in America, nor any other country-nor any of better limbs, figure, bone, si new and action. A colt by him, out of a common mare of good size, could not fail, with care, to make a superior horse for the saddle or harness. For any further particulars, apply to Robert Parker & Son, at the Three Tun Tavern, head of Pratt-street. P. S. Pasturage may be had for mares at a reasonable rate, but no liability for accidents. MAGNOLIA. Near Fish creek, in Virginia, ten or twelve miles from Ohio, there is a grove of the lofty magnolia, and in the season of flowering, they fill the wilder ness with delicious fragrance for several miles round. The leaves are more than three feet in length, and of a proportionate width. There are no other trees of the kind within five hundred miles. It has been stated, that the magnolias in Florida, have been smelt the distance of sixty miles. RICE. A new machine for separating the grain of rice from its husks, has been invented in Italy. It consists of two fluted cylinders, set in motion by an hydraulic wheel These cylinders, revolving on a horizontal plan, detach the grain from the panicles. It subsequently passes across a wooden hurdle, while the straw is separated by the movement of the machine. RECIPES. RUBBING CHEESE WITH RED PEPPER, PRESERVES IT will touch it." AGAINST MITES. PRESERVATION OF GRAIN, &c. FROM MICE. your Rinaldo was six years old this spring; a beautiful dark bay, near sixteen hands. Offers for the purchase of half of him, or to farm him for next year, will be received by the Editor of the American Farmer. A correspondent wishes to learn when Old Florizel, that was sired by Diomed, died-and from whom, and for what price, he can get a fine tho rough bred young mare. S. B. SHIELDS. BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. Reported for the American Farmer, by Lewis Sutton & Co. nearly as the last week; Maryland common is getting TOBACCO Continues to be in good demand, and prices scarce; Ohio is plenty-much shipping lately, which still continues to take off the tobacco. One crop of 7 hhds. Maryland tobacco, made by Dr. T. J. Lawrence on Herring bay, Anne Arundel county, sold to the highest bidder on Thursday, 26th inst. at No. 3 State warehouse, for $6.50 round. Seconds, as in quality, $3.00 a 6.00-common crop, 6.00-Fine red, 6.00 a 8.00-Yellow and red, 7.00 a 3.50 a 3.75-Do. red, 4.25 a 4.50-good red, 5.00 a 10.00-Yellow, 5.00 a 10.00-Fine Yellow, 12.00 a 15.00-Virginia fat, 3.50 a 7.00-Rappahannock, 3.50Kentucky, fine, 3.50 a 5.00--do. wrapping, 6.00 a 8 00. CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. FLOUR-Howard-st. super, $5.00-City mills, 4.50 a 4.75-Susquehanna, $4.00 a 4.50-CORN MEAL, per cwt., 1.12 a 1.25--WHEAT, best white, .85 a 90common,.75 a 80-ordinary, good .70 a.75-Corn. .46 a .50-RYE, .63 a .65-OATS, .20 a .25-Barley, 1.00A letter from Samuel Wood to Thomas L. Win- VALUABLE ALABAMA LANDS FOR SALE CLOVER seed, 4.00 a 4.50-TIMOTHY, 3.00-FLAXSEED, throp, Esq. published in the Massachusetts Agricul I offer for sale, my well known establishment, situ- 90-COTTON, Virginia, 9.00 a 10.00-Upland, 10.00 a tural Repository, vol iv, page 374, states, that "redated on the Tombeckbe river, about 10 miles above the 11.00-North Carolina, 9.00 a 10.00-Louisiana, 11.00 a pepper, so called, is a complete antidote against city of Mobile. On the west side of the river there are 13.00-Missouri, 10.00 a 11.00-WooL, common 18.00 a flies impregnating cheese so as to produce maggots 480 acres of high swamp land, said, by those acquaint- 22.00-do. crossed, 22.00 a 24.00-half blood, 24.00 a Take one and put it into a delicate piece of linen, ed with the river lands, to be equal to any tract on it 26.00-three-quarters, 28.00 a 30.00-full blood, 30.00 a moisten it with a little fresh butter, and rub The growth, consisting principally of oak, hickory, 35.00-FISH, Herrings, No. 1, p. bbl. 2.374 a 2.50 Shad, cheese frequently. It not only gives a very fine mulberry, sassafras, magnolia, poplar and the like, is 6.00 a 7.00-Mackerel, 4.50 a 5.25 a 6.00-BACON, best an evidence of its fertility and exemption from inunda- hams, 9.00 a 10.00-hog round, 5.50 a 6.50-middlings, colour to your cheese, but it is so pungent that no fly tion. On the east side, and immediately between the 6.00 a 6.50-WHISKEY, per hhd..29-per bbl...30a31 [NE. Farmer. village of Jackson and the river, there are 459 acres.--LIVE STOCK, beef on the hoof, 5.00-Hogs, do. 4.00A part of this overflows, but by eddy water, that is al- Lambs, 1.50 a 2.00-Veal, 3.00-Butter, .15 a .25. ways off in time for a corn crop, and leaves a sediment Mr M-Donald, of Scalpa, in the Hebrides, hav that raises and enriches it. A sample of the sugar cane, ing, some years ago, suffered considerably by mice, now growing on it, proves the capacity of the soil to put at the bottom, near the centre and the top of produce that valuable article. The improvements conA Report, accompanied with sundry letters on the each stack or mow, as it was raised, three or four sist of about 80 acres of cleared land, now in cultiva- causes which contribute to the production of Fine Seastalks of wild mint with the leaves on, and never af- tion, in corn and cotton-a peach and apple orchard, island Cotton, by Whitemarsh B. Seabrook, concluded ter had any of his grain consumed. He then tri- just beginning to bear-a large warehouse, within a of the Grasses which afford the best culms, or straw ed the same experiment with his cheese, and other few paces of the river-a fifty saw gin, house and for the manufacture of straw Bonnets, equal to the articles kept in store and often injured by mice, screw, of the best materials, and only built eighteen finest Leghorn, from G. Sinclair's Hortus Gramineus, months ago-dwelling house-smith shop, with tools-No. 16, concluded-Prospect of Crops in New York, and with equal effect, by laying a few leaves green barn, negro houses, kitchen, and other necessary out-Pennsylvania and Maryland-On saving Garden Seeds or dry, on the article to be preserved. From these houses-a saw and grist mill, within sixty paces of the by gentlemen's gardeners, by an Old Gardener-Silk results it must be inferred, mice have an antipatby dwelling, and not more from the river. The former Worms in New Orleans-On the Saccharum of the to the smell of mint; if so, it may be worth experi was built for the express purpose of sawing cypress Sweet Potato, and its fitness to make Beer, by Robert ment to scatter a few drops of oil of peppermint in lumber, nearly 100,000 feet of which, it cut the last seaHare, M. D., Professor of Chemistry in the University pantries and places where they frequent, as the ef-son--and the profits of the latter has furnished provi- of Pennsylvania-On Female Employments and Duties fect will probably be the same. -On the Godolphin Arabian-Manufacture of Cotton [Min. Jour. sions enough in the bread line, for two such families as mine, which consists of the rise of thirty in number.- Bagging in Paterson, N. J.-Stahl the Chemist-Wind The state road leading from the seat of government to employed to propel land Carriages-Men raised by MeMobile, the United States federal road from Washing-rit-Singular instance of Canine Sagacity--Magnoliaton to New Orleans, and the north-western road from Rice-Recipes, To preserve Cheese from Mites; To prePensacola, all cross the river at this place, and make it serve Grain, &c. from Mice; Cure for the Ring-wormthe most valuable ferry on it. Two eastern and two western mails pass weekly, and as it is decidedly on the nearest and best route from Washington to New Orleans, it is admitted by every unprejudiced person, that the great national turnpike contemplated to be made by government, will cross at this place. The naviga CURE FOR THE RING WORM. Take the root of the common yellow, or wild dock; wash it clean, bruise it, or cut it in very thin slices; put it in a cup, or other small vessel, and add vinegar sufficient to cover it. Let it stand a day or two, then apply the moisture to the ring worm, by rubbing it with a piece of the root, two or three times a day, for a few successive days, and it will effect an entire care. Editorial-Advertisement-Prices Current. Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Tor, corner of St. Paul and Market-sts., where every description of Book and Job Printing is handsomely executed. |