THE HISTORY

OF

CIVILISATION IN SCOTLAND.

OF

CIVILISATION IN SCOTLAND.

BY

JOHN MACKINTOSH, LL.D.

Author of "The Story of Scotland," "The Revolution of 1688 and Viscount Dundee,"
"The Highland Land Question Historically Considered," Etc.

ALEXANDER GARDNER,

Publisher to Her Majesty the Queen,

PAISLEY, AND 26 PATERNOSTER SQUARE, LONDON.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XIII.

SECTION I.

The Rise and Progress of the Reformation.

A new point of Departure-Mechanical Inventions-Aspiration for

Unity and Independence; Modern Languages-Revival of Clas-

sical Literature-Revival of Art...........

Roman Catholic Church of the Middle Ages-Her vast Organisation,

Wealth, and Power-She controlled Education, and subjected

the Human Mind.........

Outline of the prevailing Belief of Roman Catholicism—Angels,

Demons, Witchcraft-Worship of Saints, Images, and Relics-

Ideas of Hell and of Heaven.....

PAGE

1-3

3-6

6-14

Political Power of the Church in different Countries-The French

Nobles; Oppression of the Peasantry-State of Germany; Re-

bellions of the Peasantry.....

14-17

Influence of Literature in Germany; Satirical Attacks upon the

Church-Inquisition in Spain-State of Italy...

17-20

20-22

22-24

Morals of the Priesthood and the Religious Orders........

Influences sapping the Authority of Catholicism; Dante, Boccaccio,

Savonarola-Influence of the Vernacular Literature................

Printing and Publication of the Bible-Early Translations of Scrip-

ture into the Modern Languages.....

Awakening of the Moral Consciousness; Enthusiasm of the early

stages of the Movement-Relation of the Reformation to Philo-

sophy........

Significance of the Revolt from Rome-Eras of the Reformation in

different Nations-Proceedings of Luther; his Writings-Early

Protestant Literature-Principle of the Reformation.......

25-27

27-31

31-35