: condition that he pass his honor-faugh | show of danger. On reaching the grot-his pledge, to give me, within a week, to, however, his nervous system gave the meeting so often demanded; and his way, and his conductress, to convey her eluding which should he persist in doing impression of his debility, assured me emso-will brand him par excellence as a per- phatically, that he was "physiquement jured coward! ! !” mort!" She found it necessary to chafe his limbs with brandy. After reposing for an hour in the grotto, he was enabled to regain the chalet, whence, after a suitable gratuity to his benefactress, he returned, as fast as four horses could carry him, to Geneva. Many an additional jeer, outrage, and indignity did they perpetrate on their helpless foe before they took their departure. He, it would appear, behaved all through with unresisting calmness, while his caitiff servant fled at the first From the North British Review. THE RISE OF THE PAPAL POWER.* and procedure of the Church of Rome, so eminently combined as in the authors of the volumes before us. In perusing them, we have often felt how inadequately the importance and value of books may be represented by their size. Ir requires no ordinary ability, and no common attainments, to qualify a man for grappling effectively with the subject of Popery. The ramifications of the Romish system are so vast and intricate, its errors harmonize so closely with corrupt propensities, its perversions of Divine truth Oxford looked with good reason, on the come so directly across the path of the late Professor Hussey as one of her ablest most momentous doctrines of the Gospel, and most learned sons. As the editor of its history is so interwoven with records Socrates and Bede, he had gained the of the world and of human opinion for gratitude of ecclesiastical students. The more than a thousand years, its polemical little volume, whose title is given above, literature is so varied and extensive-in is the only original work which he puba word, it touches human life, and history, lished during his fourteen years' occuand literature, and philosophy, and poli-pancy of the Church History Chair at Oxtics, at so many points, that to take a clear and comprehensive survey of so vast a topic, demands an amount and versatility of powers and acquirements which but very few possess. It is rare, indeed, to meet with the requisite qualifications for embarking successfully in the Popish controversy, and expounding the principles *The Rise of the Papal Power. By ROBERT HUSSEY, B.D., Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Oxford. Parkers. Pp. 209. Modern Romanism, British and Continental. A Popular View of the Theology, Literature, and Practical Workings of Popery in our Time. By the Rev. JAMES A HUIE, Wooler. Edinburgh. ford. It is valuable as tracing, with much ability and general accuracy, the rise of the Papal power-the successive assumptions of the Roman See. Mr. Hussey assumes that Papal Infallibility is unquestionably a tenet of the Romish Church, and that she is to this day bound by all the persecuting edicts of the medieval Pontiffs. Logically, we have no doubt she is so. Nor do those who while they repudiate the principle of the Pope's infallibility, claim it for the General Councils, escape from the dilemma, because the fact of the martyrdom of Huss and Jerome of Prague by the Council of Constance pledges the concilianists to the doctrine that it is right to put "heretics" to death. In a Romanist controversial pamphlet, recently forwarded to us, we observe an attempt made to set the death of Huss in a new light. It is stated that the Church had no hand in the matter, but that it was demanded as a political necessity! In point of style, Professor Hussey had not the graphic power which belongs to his successor in the Chair of Ecclesiastical History, the accomplished biographer of Arnold. All must, however, share the regret which, since his death, has so often been expressed by Oxonians, that he was taken away from his labors when not more than fifty years of age. In this little work he has left the proof that, had he been spared, he might have done much good service in the Popish controversy. No one can peruse Mr. Huie's book without perceiving how extensive a course of reading its author must have gone through before he could write it, and how thoroughly he has the results of his reading at his command. But while he gives evidence of an uncommonly extensive and familiar acquaintance with patristic and mediæval literature, it is not from these sources alone, or chiefly, that he has taken his view of Romanism, as exhibited in this volume. It is from its movements in our own day, at home and abroad. And here Mr. Huie has looked with his own eyes, not with those of others-has collected his own facts, and made his own reflec tions, not borrowed them from previous writers on the Popish controversy. And to this we owe, in a great measure, the pleasant air of freshness which pervades the volume. The controversy with Rome is at once a wide and a well-wrought field, in which it is not easy to find a corner which has not been recently cropped. But Mr. Huie has produced a work in which even well-informed men will find much that is by no means familiar, and will discover a deep significance in many circumstances which they may possibly have hitherto dismissed from their minds as trifling or accidental. Obviously in these one hundred and fifty pages we have the elaborate result of long years of careful reading and keen observation-reading ranging over the literature of many centuries, and of various languages; and observation keeping a watchful eye upon the Church of Rome throughout all her borders, and in all her machinations. VOL. XLVI.-NO. II. After a rapid historical sketch of Popery from the Reformation to the close of the eighteenth century, Mr. Huie enters upon the consideration of Modern Romanism in Britain. He exhibits the reviving zeal and energy of the Romish priesthood about thirty years ago, and notices their anticipations of better days than they had seen for many generations; develops the character, and estimates the influence, of Tractarianism in promoting the cause of Popery; discusses the lack of "pulpit power" among the clergy of the Church of Rome, and points out the causes of the deficiency, and its bearing upon her attempts at proselytism; presents the statistics of Romanism in Britain in connection with chapels, schools, convents, etc.; explains her weakness, as acknowledged by the Dublin Review, "in that middle element which forms the sinewy strength and motive power of every social body-the mercantile, professional, manufacturing, and trading classes ;" and unfolds, with the freedom and precision which only an intimate and extensive acquaintance with the subject can impart, the distinctive characteristics of the literature which modern Romanism has originated, and now wields in her service. It is here, as much as any where, that our author's strength lies; and it is here that some of the freshest glimpses of Popery, which his book affords, are to be found. He notices, in a brief but able and graphic manner, the Popish periodical literature of the time, and presents to us vivid sketches of the more prominent Romish writers, from Cardinal Wiseman down to Priest Keenan of Dundee, photographing, as it were, Dr. Newman, Archdeacons Wilberforce and Manning, and others. Passing to France, he displays the same familiarity with the movements and attitude of Romanism in that country, and especially with the modern French literature, both of Popery and Protestantism. Then turning to Germany, we have topics of equal interest handled with no less ample knowledge and vigor of touch. We commend Mr. Huie's work to our readers. The general glance which we have given at its contents will indicate that there is no other volume, in the British literature of the Popish controversy, in which the same topics are dealt with. 18 From the Dublin University Magazine. A FUNERAL CROSSING A STREAM. "WHEN thou walkest through the waters, I will be with thee." On the hill a little cottage chamber, With a coffin placed upon the bed In the glen, a wild stream in the autumn, The old woman, at last, has heard the music of heaven Has heard the music of heaven come rolling grandly— That smile of wonderful beauty, as if the spirit Had found the Some One it was waiting for. Now o'er the death-sheet, old man, thy snowy hair be bowed, And put thy white lips down a little unto the white, white shroud; Ensainted and encrowned So long as they fling their diadems Then, go out and weep, old man! Down the hill the solemn funeral passes, And the old man paces on before; And you hear the plunging of the waters In the glen, the echo and the roar. Through the lane the bearers are passing, and solemnly And that sweet singer of central autumn, the robin- Presently comes his little outbursting of music, To think that the tiny bird should be singing, and singing, With grander music frozen at his feet. Now to the wild brook come they, swollen with October rain, Cold with the breath of the north wind, dashed with a wine-dark stain. The bearers pause one moment-then like a mystic dream The funeral train sweeps blackly o'er the hoarse and whitened stream; And on they pass in silence to where the little bell Is tolling in the church below, like a spirit invisible. And sweet eternal chimes Of texts that are sweeter than anthems In any cathedral chanted, Go rolling along the deepest recesses Of poor hearts sorrow-haunted, And the old man findeth peace! And as the robin sang up in the tree, The music they sing, who once have been sinful— And so the coffin crossed the waters So the spirit crossed the waves of death So it crossed the cold and gloomy water And as the text from the Apocalypse Fell sweeter than anthems among the limes, Fell sweet on the ears of the blessed. And on to the grave in the lime-tree walk: From Titan. ART AND SCIENCE ABROAD. FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS RELATING TO THE SILK-WORM. THE ladies are beginning to think that capable of accumulation year after year, the outcry about the disease of the silk- so that the stock of raw and manufactured worm, and the deterioration of the mul-material existing at any given moment berry, was one of those ruses which specu- | may possibly be the accumulated product lators will occasionally adopt in order to of many annual crops, and that the sucserve a temporary purpose. They tell us cess or failure of a single year, or even that they can get a superb silk dress, or three or four years in succession, does not a yard of satin ribbon, or any other arti- materially affect the quantity in actual excle made of the same material, quite asistence-the quantity available for daily good and quite as cheap at the present use. It is quite possible that the flowing moment as they could before the silk robes which surround your graceful forms, failure was spoken or thought of. But and which you so greatly embellish and dear ladies-dearest of all "dear readers" a word with you! You must remember that silk is one of those articles of the slowly perishable kind, and is therefore adorn, may have been the products of worms, of men, of looms, which have long ceased to exist. And it may be-we sincerely hope it will be-that long before you are deprived of your silks and satins, your ribbons and your robes, by the highness of their price, the labors of naturalists and philosophers will have resulted in a complete revival and firm reëstablishment of the art of silk production. Although silk producers throughout the south of Europe are interested in this question, it is chiefly in France and Italy that researches are made and experiments conducted in a truly systematic and scientific manner. Two objects have shared the attention of investigators; one, the improvement and cure of the existing race of silk-worms; the other, the discovery and acclimation of new species of silk-worms adapted to European culture. In reference to the first object we have two or three reports in the Comptes Rendus of the Paris Academy of Sciences which we must briefly condense into one. Of several gentlemen specially commissioned to inquire into the matter, MM. Quatrefages and Guérin Méneville give us the most definite and detailed information; and as their opinions are at variance with, if not opposed to each other, we get from their reports as good an impression of the real state of the question as we are likely to obtain any where. M. Guérin Méneville says, amongst other things: "I have already, several times, shown that the malady of the mulberry is one of the principal causes of the epidemic among silk-worms. I have studied it each year in the south of France and in Italy, and I have noticed that it shows itself always, and under various forms, in the localities where the silk-worm malady prevails. Since last year, I have remarked feeble traces of the disease upon the rare mulberries cultivated round about Paris; and I have shown again this year, that the disease la gattine has infected the silkworms reared in the Jardin des Plantes at the request of the Société Impériale d'Acclimatation. This fact, coinciding with the affection of the mulberries, goes to demonstrate the direct connection between the disease of the vegetable and that of the animal which it nourishes." On the other hand, M. de Quatrefages having visited various parts of France, and conducted a great number of observations and experiments of a highly interesting character, comes to the conclusion that the malady of the silk-worm is not to be attributed to bad food; inas much as he found the mulberry trees every where in good condition. This inference is scarcely satisfactory: for, from the first, it has been suspected that the very luxuriance of the trees-that is, the forced luxuriance-was the cause of the malady. The greater quantity of leaves on a given tree, and the increased juiciness of the leaves, were supposed to be dearly compensated for by the inferiority of the juice. The disease of the worm, called by M. de Quatrefages the maladie de la tache, (spot disease,) from the spots which appear on the worm affected by it, is that variety of the disorder from which the worms mostly suffer. These spots are too small to be seen with the naked eye, and can only be detected by the aid of a magnifying glass, which fact will perhaps explain why the malady escaped the notice of silk-growers till some days after the animal had shed its fourth skin. In all the stages of its existence, and in all parts of its substance the spots are to be found. When arrived at the moth state, the spots destroy the antennæ, the legs, and the wings. At first, the body of the worm appears to be completely covered with a yellowish matter, which gradually becomes darker and collects into tubercles, which are the spots from which the malady derives its name. Various methods have been tried for the cure of the worms infected. M. de Quatrefages names four, the operation of which he had had opportunities of observing. Twenty-seven trays were so infected that death reduced them to four; and each one of these trays was made the object of one particular mode of treatment. The first was fed in the ordinary way upon mulberry leaves; they received no particular care in their treatment, and spun a certain quantity of cocoons which yielded two hundred and ten grammes of silk. The second was fed with moistened leaves, and thrived very indifferently; they spun but few cocoons, and they were worthless. The third was fed on sugared leaves, and did well; they spun their cocoons sooner than the others, and in greater quantity, as well as of superior quality, yielding three hundred and ninety-two grammes of silk. The fourth was altogether deprived of food for a considerable time: at the expiration of twenty-four hours some of them spun several imperfect cocoons, and the others began to shrivel up and diminish in size; but on being afterwards fed on sugared leaves, they speedily re |