ticus without complain; I have supported pa-| Boccaccio was buried in the church of St. Michad tiently the pains of imprisonment, for they were and St. James, at Certaldo, a small town in the inflicted at your command: this is no time to in- Valdelsa, which was by some supposed the place of quire whether I deserved them-the good of the re- his birth. There he passed the latter part of his public may have seemed to require it, and that life in a course of laborious study, which shortened when the republic resolves is always resolved wisely. his existence; and there might his ashes have beer. Behold me ready to lay down my life for the preser- secure, if not of honor, at least of repose. But the vation of my country." Pisani was appointed gen- "hyæna bigots" of Certaldo tore up the tombstone eralissimo, and by his exertions, in conjunction with of Boccaccio, and ejected it from the holy precincts thuse of Carlo Zeno, the Venetians soon recovered of St. Michael and St. James. The occasion, and, the ascend aney over their maritime rivals. it may be hoped, the excuse, of this ejectment was The Italian communities were no less unjust to the making of a new floor for the church; but the fact their citizens than the Greek republics. Liberty, is, that the tombstone was taken up and thrown both with the one and the other, seems to have aside at the bottom of the building. Ignorance been a national, nct an individual object: and, not- may share the sin with bigotry. It would be painful withstanding the boasted equality before the laws, to relate such an exception to the devotion of the which an ancient Greek writer considered the Italians for their great names, could it not be ac great distinctive mark between his countrymen and companied by a trait more honorably conformable to the barbarians, the mutual rights of fellow-citizens the general character of the nation. The principal seem never to have been the principal scope of the person of the district, the last branch of the house ald democracies. The world may have not yet seen of Medicis, afforded that protection to the memory an essay by the author of the Italian Republics, in of the insulted dead which her best ancestors had which the distinction between the liberty of former dispensed upon all cotemporary merit. The Marstates, and the signification attached to that word chioness Lenzoni rescued the tombstone of Boccac by the happier constitution of England, is ingeni- cio from the neglect in which it had some time lain, ously developed. The Italians, however, when they and found for it an honorable elevation in her own had ceased to be free, still looked back with a sigh mansion. She has done more: the house in which upon those times of turbulence, when every citizen the poet lived has been as little respected as his might rise to a share of sovereign power, and have tomb, and is falling to ruin over the head of one Dever been taught fully to appreciate the repose of indifferent to the name of its former tenant. It a monarchy. Sperone Speroni, when Francis Maria consists of two or three little chambers, and a low II. Duke of Rovere proposed the question, "which tower, on which Cosmo II. affixed an inscription was preferable, the republic or the principality-the This house she has taken measures to purchase, perfect and not durable, or the less perfect and not and proposes to devote to it that care and consider so able to change," replied, "that our happiness ation which are attached to the cradle and to the is to be measured by its quality, not by its duration; roof of genius. and that he preferred to live for one day like a man, than for a hundred years like a brute, a stock, or a stone." This was thought, and called, a magnificent answer, down to the last days of Italian servitude.t 32. And the crown Which Petrarch's laureate brow supremely wore, Stanza Ivii. lines 6, 7, and 8. This is not the place to undertake the defence of Boccaccio; but the man who exhausted his little patrimony in the acquirement of learning, who was among the first, if not the first, to allure the science and the poetry of Greece to the bosom of Italy; who not only invented a new style, but founded, or certainly fixed, a new language; who, besides the esteem of every polite court of Europe, was thought worthy of employment by the predominant republic of his own country, and, what is The Florentines did not take the opportunity of more, of the friendship of Petrarch, who lived the Petrarch's short visit to their city in 1350 to revoke life of a philosopher and a freeman, and who died the decree which confiscated the property of his in the pursuit of knowledge, such a man might father, who had been banished shortly after the have found more consideration than he has met with exile of Dante. His crown did not dazzle them; from the priest of Certaldo, and from a late English but when in the next year they were in want of his traveller, who strikes off his portrait as an odicus, conassistance in the formation of their university, they should be suffered to rot without a record. That temptible, licentious writer, whose impure remains repented of their injustice, and Boccaccio was sent to Padus to entreat the laureate to conclude his English traveller, unfortunately for those who have Wanderings in the bosom of his native country, to deplore the loss of a very amiable person, is bewhere he might finish his immortal Africa, and yond all criticism; but the mortality which did not enjoy with his recovered possessions, the esteem of protect Boccaccio from Mr. Eustace, must not deall classes of his fellow-citizens. They gave him end Mr. Eustace from the impartial judgment of the option of the book and the science he might is successors.-Death may canonize his virtues, not condescend to expound: they called him the glory his errors; and it may be modestly pronounced that of his country, who was dear, and would be dearer he transgressed, not only as an author, but as a to them; and they added, that if there was anything man, when he evoked the shade of Boccacio in com unpleasing in their letter, he ought to return among pany with that of Aretine, amidst the sepulchres tem, were it only to correct their style. Petrarch of Santa Croce, merely to dismiss it with indignity. Hemed at first to listen to their flattery and to the As far as respects entreaties of his friend, but he did not return to Florence, and preferred a pilgrimage to the tomb of Laura and the shades of Vaucluse. • The Greek dat he was to vous. See the last chapter of the End of the gives of Helicamasans, ↑ * 5 moto da magnifica risposta," &c. Serami Vita del Tasso, lib. 2 pg. 14, edit, 2. Bergamo. !*kgü kimdur, siė lecito ancor l'esortarti, a compire l'immortal beti arvense d'incontrare cel nostro stile cosa che ti diapi#4, 340 de t' suere un atro motivo ad excudire i dader della tua patria." les, fai, tom. par. Lib. pag. 70. "I flagello de' Principi, Il Divin Pietro Aretino," • Classical Tour, cap. ix, vol. i. p. 355, edit. 3d. "Of Boccaccio, the modern Petronius, we say nothing; the abuse of genius is more odious and more contemptible than its absence; and it imports little where the impore remains of a licentious author are consigned to their kindred dust. For the same reason the traveller may pass unnoticed the tomb of the malignant Aretino." This dubious phrase is hardly enough to save the tourist from the suspicion of another blunder respecting the burial-place of Aretine, whose tomb was in the church of St. Luke at Venice, and gave rise to the famous controversy of which some notice is taken in Bayle. Now the words of Mr. Eustace wond lead us to think the tomb was at Florence, or at least was to be somewhere recognized. Whether the inscription so much disputed was ever written of the tomb cannot now be decided, for all memoria! of this auther has csap peared from the church of St. Luke. "I have it is of little import what censure is passed upon a siffler si l'on prêtendoit convaincre Bociace a cox comb who owes his present existence to the n'avoir pas ête honnête homme, puis qu'il a fait le above burlesque character given to him by the poet Decameron." So said one of the best men, and whose amber has preserved many other grubs and perhaps the best critic, that ever lived--the very worms; but to classify Boccaccio with such a per- martyr to impartiality. But as this information, son, and to excommunicate his very ashes, must of that in the beginning of the last century one would itself make us doubt of the qualification of the have been hooted at for pretending that Boccaccio classical tourist for writing upon Italian, or, indeed, was not a good man, may seem to come from one of upon any other literature; for ignorance on one those enemies who are to be suspected, even when point may incapacitate an author merely for that they make us a present of truth, a more acceptable particular topic, but subjection to a professional contrast with the proscription of the body, soul, and prejudice must render him an unsafe director on all muse of Boccaccio may be found in a few words occasions. Any perversion and injustice may be from the virtuous, the patriotic cotemporary, who made what is vulgarly called "a case of con- thought one of the tales of this impure writer science," and this poor excuse is all that can be worthy a Latin version from his own pen. offered for the priest of Certaldo, or the author of remarked elsewhere," says Petrarch, writing to the Classical Tour. It would have answered the Boccaccio, "that the book itself has been worried by purpose to confine the censure to the novels of Boc- certain dogs, but stoutly defended by your staff and caccio, and gratitude to that source which supplied voice. Nor was I astonished, for I have had proof the muse of Dryden with her last and most harino- of the vigor of your mind, and I know you have nious numbers might perhaps have restricted that fallen on that unaccommodating incapable race of censure to the objectionable qualities of the hun-mortals who, whatever they either like not, or knowt dred tales. At any rate the repentance of Boccaccio not, or cannot do, are sure to reprehend in others; might have arrested his exhumation, and it should and on those occasions only put on a show of learnung have been recollected and told, that in his old age and eloquence, but otherwise are entirely dumb." ↑ he wrote a letter to his friend to discourage the It is satisfactory to find that all the priesthood do reading of the Decameron, for the sake of modesty, not resemble those of Certaldo, and that one of them and for the sake of the author, who would not have who did not possess the bones of Boccaccio would an apologist always at hand to state in his excuse not lose the opportunity of raising a cenotaph to that he wrote it when young, and at the command his memory. Bevius, canon of Padua, at the beof his superiors. It is neither the licentiousness ginning of the sixteenth century, erected at Arqua, of the writer, nor the evil propensities of the reader, opposite to the tomb of the Laureate, a tablet, in which have given to the Decameron alone, of all the which he associated Boccaccio to the equal honors works of Boccaccio, a perpetual popularity. The of Dante and of Petrach. establishment of a new and delightful dialect conferred an immortality on the works in which it was first fixed. The sonnets of Petrarch were, for the same reason, fated to survive his self-admired Africa, the "favorite of kings." The invariable traits of nature and feeling with which the novels, as well as the verses, abound, have doubtless been the chief source of the foreign celebrity of both authors; but Boccaccio, as a man, is no more to oe estimated by that work, than Petrarch is to be regarded in no ever, had the father of the Tuscan prose been known church, designed for the mausoleum of the Dukes only as the author of the Decameron, a considerate birth to no emotions but those of contempt for the of Tuscany, set round with crowns and coffins, gives writer would have been cautious to pronounce a sentence irreconcilable with the unerring voice of many ages and nations. An irrevocable value has never been stamped upon any work solely recommended by impurity. other light than as the lover of Laura. Even, how 34. What is her pyramid of precious stones! Stanza lx. line 1. and expires with his grandson; that stream is pure Our veneration for the Medici begins with Cosmo only at the source; and it is in search of some memorial of the virtuous republicans of the family that we visit the church of St. Lorenzo at Florence. The tawdry, glaring, unfinished chapel in that The lavish vanity of a race of despots, whilst the pave ment slab, simply inscribed to the Father of his Country, reconciles us to the name of Medici. It was very natural for Corinna to suppose that the The true source of the outery against Boccaccio, statue raised to the Duke of Urbino in the capella which began at a very early period, was the choice but the magnificent Lorenzo is only the sharer of a de' depositi was intended for his great namesake; of his scandalous personages in the cloisters as well coffin half hidden in a niche of the sacristy. as the courts; but the princes only laughed at the decay of Tuscany dates from the sovereignty of the gallant adventures so unjustly charged upon queen Medici. Of the sepulchral peace which succeeded Theodelinda, whilst the priesthood cried shame upon the debauchees drawn from the convent and Italy, our own Sidney has given us a glowing but a to the establishment of the reigning families in the hermitage; and most probably for the opposite faithful picture. reason, namely, that the picture was faithful to the tions of Florence, and other cities of Tuscany, the Notwithstanding all the sedi life. Two of the novels are allowed to be facts use- horrid factions of Guelphs and Ghibelins, Neri and fully turned into tales, to deride the canonization of Bianchi, nobles and commons, they continued popu rogues and laymen. Ser Ciappelletto and Marcelli nus are cited with applause even by the decent Mu-lous, strong, and exceeding rich; but in the space tatorit The great Arnaud, as he is quoted in of less than a hundred and fifty years, the peaceable Rayle, states, that a new edition of the novels was nine parts in ten of the people of that province. reign of the Medices is thought to have destroyed proposed, of which the expurgation consisted in and omitting the words "monk " "nun," Among other things it is remarkable, that when and tacking the immoralities to other names. The lit-Philip the Second of Spain gave Sienna to the erary history of Italy particularizes no such edition: Duke of Florence, his ambassador then at Rume but it was not long before the whole of Europe had sent him word, that he had given away more than but one opinion of the Decameron: and the absolu- • Eclaircissement, &c., &c., p. 638, edit. Basle, 1741, in the Supplement tion of the author seems to have been a point settled at least a hundred years ago. "On se feroit] • "Non enim ubique est, qui în excusationem meam cons irgens dicat, juveais scripsit, et majoris concuus imperio." The letter was addressed to Magh inard of Cavalcanti, marshal of the kingdom of Sicily. See Tiraboschi, Storia, &c., tom, v. par. ii. lib. iii. pag. 525, ed. Ven. 1795. ↑ Dissertazioni sopra le Antichità Italiane, Dimm, Ivili. p. 25%, tom. iii. edit. Millan, 1751. to Bayle's Dictionary. ↑ "Animadverti alicubi librum ipsum canum dentilaus lac-saitum, tue linea baculo egregie tuäque voce defensam. Nec miratus suum: nam et vires le genii tui novi, et scio expurtus esses hominum genus incalens et ignarum, qui quicquid ipsi vel nolimit vel nesciunt, vel non possunt, in aliis repretendunt ( art hoc unum docti et arguti, sed elingues ad reliqua." Epist. Joan. Bub cativ, Opp. tom. i. p. 540, elit. Basil. Cosma Medices, Decreto Publico, Pater Par 15 Corinne, liv. xvill, cap. iii. vol. ill. page 248. 650,000 subjects; and it is not believed there are round tower close upon the water; and the undu now 20,600 souls inhabiting that city and territory. lating hills partially covered with wood, among Pisa, Pistoia, Arezzo, Cortona, and other towns which the road winds, sink by degrees into the that were then good and populous, are in the like marshes near to this tower. Lower than the road proportion diminished, and Florence more than any. down to the right amidst these woody hillocks, When that city had been long troubled with sedi- Hannibal placed his horse, in the jaws of or rather tions, tumults, and wars, for the most part unpros- above the pass, which was between the lake and perous, they still retained such strength, that when the present road, and most probably close to BorCharles VIII. of France, being admitted as a friend ghetto, just under the lowest of the "tumuli.”✦ with his whole army, which soon after conquered On a summit to the left, above the road, is an old the kingdom of Naples, thought to master them, circular ruin which the peasants call "the Tower the people, taking arms, struck such a terror into of Hannibal the Carthaginian." Arrived at the him, that he was glad to depart upon such condi- highest point of the road, the traveller has a partial tions as they thought fit to impose. Machiavel re- view of the fatal plain, which opens fully upon him ports, that in that time Florence alone, with the as he descends the Gualandra. He soon finds him Val d'Arno, a small territory belonging to that self in a vale enclosed to the left and in front and city, could, in a few hours, by the sound of a bell, behind him by the Gualandra hills, bending round bring together. 135,000 well-armed men; whereas in a segment larger than a semicircle, and running now that city, with all the others in that province, down at each end to the lake, which obliques to the are brought to such despicable weakness, emptiness. right and form the chord of this mountain a c. poverty, and baseness, that they can neither resist The position cannot be guessed at from the plains of the oppressions of their own prince, nor defend him Cortona, nor appears to be so completely enclosed or themselves if they were assaulted by a foreign unless to one who is fairly within the hills. It then, enemy. The people are dispersed or destroyed, and indeed, appears "a place made as it were on purthe best families sent to seek habitations in Venice, pose for a snare," locus insidiis natus. "Borghetto Genoa, Rome, Naples, and Lucca. This is not the is then found to stand in a narrow, marshy pass effect of war or pestilence; they enjoy a perfect close to the hill and to the lake, whilst there is no peace, and suffer no other plague than the govern- other outlet at the opposite turn of the mountains ment they are under." From the usurper Cosmo than through the little town of Passignano, which down to the imbecile Gaston, we look in vain for is pushed into the water by the foot of a high rocky any of those unmixed qualities which should raise acclivity." There is a woody eminence branching a patriot to the command of his fellow-citizens. down from the mountains into the upper end of the The Grand Dukes, and particularly the third Cos- plain nearer to the side of Passignano, and on this mo, and operated so entire a change in the Tuscan stands a white village called Torre. Polybius seems character, that the candid Florentines, in excuse for to allude to this eminence as the one on which Hansome imperfections in the philanthropic system of nibal encamped and drew out his heavy-armed AfLeopold, are obliged to confess that the sovereign fricans and Spaniards in a conspicuous position. was the only liberal man in his dominions. Yet From this spot he despatched his Balearic and light that excellent prince himself had no other notion of armed troops round through the Gualandra heights national assembly, than of a body to represent to the right, so as to arrive unseen and form an the wants and wishes, not the will, of the people. 35. ambush among the broken acclivities which the road now passes, and to be ready to act upon the left flank and above the enemy, whilst the horse An earthquake reel'd unheededly away. shut up the pass behind. Flaminius came to the Stanza Ixiii. line 5. lake near Borghetto at sunset; and, without send"And such was their mutual animosity, so intent ing any spies before him, marched through the pass care they upon the battle, that the earthquake, which the next morning before the day had quite broken, startkrese in great part many of the cities of Italy, so that he perceived nothing of the horse and light which turned the course of rapid streams, poured troops above and about him, and saw only the back the sea upon the rivers, and tore down the very heavy-armed Carthaginians in front on the hill of wurtains, was not felt by one of the combatants." Torre. The consul began to draw out his army Such is the description of Livy. It may be doubted bethe modern tactics would admit of such an ab in the flat, and in the mean time the horse in ambush occupied the pass behind him at Borghetto. Thus the Romans were completely enclosed, havThe site of the battle of Thrasimene is not to be ing the lake on the right, the main army on the hill mistaken. The traveller from the village under of Torre in front, the Gualandra hills filled with Cortons to Casa di Piano, the next stage on the the light-armed on their left flank, and being preway to Rome, has for the first two or three miles, vented from receding by the cavalry, who, the farther around him, but more particularly to the right, that they advanced, stopped up all the outlets in the flat land which Hannibal laid waste in order to in- rear. A fog rising from the lake now spread itself duce the Consul Flaminius to move from Arezzo. over the army of the consul, but the high lands On his left, and in front of him, is a ridge of hills were in the sunshine, and all the different corps in bending down towards the lake of Thrasimene, ambush looked towards the hill of Torre for the called Lavy montes Cortonenses," and now order of attack. Hannibal gave the signal, and and the Gualandra. These hills he approaches moved down from his post on the height. At the at this sta, a village which the itineraries pretend to same moment all his troops on the eminences be have then so denominated from the bones found hind and in the flank of Flaminius, rushed forwards there, but there have been no bones found there, as it were with one accord into the plain. The Rovi the battle was fought on the other side of mans, who were forming their array in the mist, the hill. From Ossaja the road begins to rise a suddenly heard the shouts of the enemy among Ettle, but does not pass into the roots of the mountams notil the sixty-seventh milestone from FloTenue The ascent thence is not steep but perpetual, and continues for twenty minutes. The lake is lib. en seen below on the right, with Borghetto, a "Equites ad ipsas fauces saltus tumulis apte tegentibus locat." T. Livi "Ubi maxime montes Cortenenses Thrasimenus subit." Ibid. 5. Τὸν μὲν κατὰ πρόσωπον τῆς πορείας λόφον αὐτὸς κατε • Be For rarund, επιμ. ή και εχεί, ραg. 208, edit. 1751. Silney is, λάβετο, καὶ τοὺς Λίβιας, καὶ τοὺς Ἰβηρας, ἔχων ἐπ' αὐτοῦ Her wih Lace voi Huey, one of Mr. Hume's "despicable" writers. KATESTORTORédevar. Hist. lib. iii. cap. 83. The account in Polybius a 17-xting and shanorum, eado intentus pugne animus, ut eur., not so easily reconcil ble with present appearances as that in Livy; he tak » pri staren urtium talis magnas partes prostravit, avertitque of hills to the right and left of the pass and valley; but when Flaminiu In are fluminibus invexit, muntes lapsu ingens' proruit, entered he had the lake at the right of both. 7. lib. 23 cap. xii. "A tergo et super caput decepere iladi." T. Liv. &c. 38. hem, on every side, and before they could fall into either from above or below, it is worth al. the cas their ranks, or draw their swords, or see by whom cades and torrents of Switzerland put togetner. they were attacked, felt at once that they were sur- the Staubach, Reichenbach, Pisse Vache, fall of Ar rounded and lost. penaz, &., are rills in comparative appearance. 01 There are two little rivulets which run from the the fall of Schaffhausen cannot speak, not yet Gualandra into the lake. The traveller crosses the having seen it. first of these at about a mile after he comes into the plain, and this divides the Tuscan from the papal An iris sits amidst the infernal surge. territories. The second, about a quarter of a mile Stanza Ixxii. line 3. further on, is called the bloody rivulet," and the peasants point out an open spot to the left between Of the time, place, and qualities of this kind of the "Sanguinetto' and the hills, which, they iris, the reader may have seen a short account in a say, was the principal scene of slaughter. The note to Manfred. The full looks so much like "the other pa of the plain is covered with thick set hell of waters," that Addison thought the descent olive-trees in corn grounds, and is nowhere quite alluded to by the gulf in which Alecto plunged into level except near the edge of the lake. It is, in- the infernal regions. It is singular enough that deed, most probable, that the battle was fought near two of the finest cascades in Europe should be ar this end of the valley, for the six thousand Ro- tificial-this of the Velino, and the one at Tivoli. mans, who, at the beginning of the action, broke The traveller is strongly recommended to trace the through the enemy, escaped to the summit of an Velino, at least as high as the little lake called Pie eminence which must have been in this quarter, di Lup. The Reatine territory was the Italian otherwise they would have had to traverse the whole Tempe, and the ancient naturalist, among other plain and to pierce through the main army of Han- beautiful varieties, remarked the daily rainbows of the lake Velinus. + A scholar of great name has nibal. 39. The thundering lauwine. The Romans fought desperately for three hours, devoted a treatise to this district alone. but the death of Flaminius was the signal for a general dispersion. The Carthaginian horse then burst in upon the fugitives, and the lake, the marsh about| Borghetto, but chiefly the plain of the Sanguinetto and the passes of the Gualandra, were strewed with dead. Near some old walls on a bleak ridge to the left above the rivulet, many human bones have been repeatedly found, and this has confirmed the pretensions and the name of the "stream of blood." Stanza lxxiii. line 5. In the greater part of Switzerland the avalanches are known by the name of lauwine. 40. I abhorred Too much, to conquer for the poet's sake, Every district of Italy has its hero. In the north some painter in the usual genius of the place, and the foreign Julio Romano more than divides Mantua with her native Virgil. To the south we hear of Roman names. Near Thrasimene, tradition is These stanzas may probably remind the reader still faithful to the fame of an enemy, and Hanni- of Ensign Northerton's remarks: "D-n Homo, bal the Carthaginian is the only ancient name re- &c., but the reasons for our dislike are not exactly membered on the banks of the Perugian lake. the same. I wish to express that we become tired Flaminius is unknown; but the postillions on that of the task before we can comprehend the beauty, road have been taught to show the very spot where that we learn by rote before we can get by heart; Il Console Romano was slain. Of all who fought that the freshness is worn away, and the future and fell in the battle of Thrasimene, the historian pleasure and advantage deadened and destroyed, by himself has, besides the generals and Maharbal, pre- the didactic anticipation, at an age when we can served indeed only a single name. You overtake neither feel nor understand the power of composi the Carthaginian again on the same road to Rome. tions which it requires an acquaintance with life, as The antiquary, that is, the hostler, of the posthouse well as Latin and Greek, to relish, or to reason at Spoleto, tells you that his town repulsed the vic- upon. For the same reason we never can be aware torious enemy, and shows you the gate still called of the fulness of some of the finest passages ol Porta di Annibale. It was hardly worth while to Shakspeare, ("To be, or not to be," for instance,) remark that a French travel writer, well known by from the habit of having them hammered into us at the name of the President Deputy, saw Thrasimene eight years old, as an exercise not of mind but in the lake of Bolsena, which lay conveniently on of memory: so that when we are old enough to en his way from Sienna to Rome. joy them, the taste is gone, and the appetite palled. In some parts of the Continent young persons are taught from more common authors, and do not read the best classics till their maturity. I certainly do not speak on this point from any pique or aversion towards the place of my education. I was not ■ slow, though an idle boy; and I believe no one could, or can be more attached to Harrow than I have at ways been, and with reason;-a part of the time passed there was the happiest of my life; and my preceptor (the Rev. Dr. Joseph Drury) was the best and worthiest friend I ever possessed, whose warnings I have remembered but too well, though too latewhen I have erred, and whose counsels I have but followed when I have done well or wisely. If ever this imperfect record of my feeling towards him should reach his eyes, let it remind him of one whe never thinks of him but with gratitude and venera tion-of one who would more gladly beast of hav "Reatini me ad sua Tempe duxerunt." icer. epád, ail A12, 27. ib. iv. ↑ "In eodem lacu nullo non die apparere arcus." Plin. list, Nat. cap. Izü. Akl. Manut, e Reatius urbe agroque, ap. Sallengre, Theazur. Bu p. 773. ing been his pupil, if, by more closely following his injunctions, he could reflect any honor upon his in structor. 41. The Scipios' tomb contains no ashes now. Stanza lxxix. line 5. For a comment on this and the two following stanzas, the reader may consult Historical Illustra'ions of the Fourth Canto of Childe Harold. 42. The trebly hundred triumphs. Stanza Ixxxii. line 2. Orosius gives three hundred and twenty for the number of triumphs. He is followed by Panvinius; and Panvinins by Mr. Gibbon and the modern writ43. of Rome. Winklemann is leath to allow an he roic statue of a Roman citizen, but the Grimani Agrippa, a cotemporary almost, is heroic; and naked Roman figures were only very rare, not abso lutely forbidden. The face accords much better with the "hominem integrum et castum et gravem," † than with any of the busts of Augustus, and is toc stern for him who was beautiful, says Suetonius, at all periods of his life. The pretended likeness tc Alexander the Great cannot be iscerned, but the traits resemble the medal of Pompey. The objectionable globe may not have been an ill-applied flattery to him who found Asia Minor the boundary, and left it in the centre of the Roman empire. It seems that Winkelmanu has made a mistake in thinking that no proof of the identity of this statue, with that which received the bloody sacrifice, can be derived from the spot where it was discovered. § Flaminius Vacca says sotto tra cantina, and this cantina is known to have been in the Vicolo de' Leutari near the Cancellaria, a position corresponding exactly to that of the Janus before the basilica of Certainly were it not for these two traits in the Pompey's theatre, to which Augustus transferred ife of Sylla, alluded to in this stanza, we should re- the statue after the curia was either burnt or taken gard him as a monster unredeemed by any admira- down. Part of the Pompeian shade, ¶ the portible quality. The atonement of his voluntary resig- co, existed in the beginning of the XVth century, nation of empire may perhaps be accepted by us, as and the atrium was still called Satrum. So says it seems to have satisfied the Romans, who, if they Blondus.** At all events, so imposing is the stern had not respected must have destroyed him. There majesty of the statue, and so memorable is the sould be no mean, no division of opinion; they story, that the play of imagination leaves no room must have all thought, like Eucrates, that what for the exercise of the judgment, and the fiction, it had appeared ambition was a love of glory, and a fiction it is, operates on the spectator with an ef that what had been mistaken for pride was a real fect not less powerful than truth. grandeur of soul. ers. 3 thou, whose chariot roll'd on Fortune's wheel, &c. Stanza lxxxiii. line 1. 44. And laid him with the earth's preceding clay. 46. And thou, the thunder-stricken nurse of Rome! Stanza lxxxviii. line 1. Un the third of September, Cromwell gained the Ancient Rome, like modern Sienna, abounded victory of Dunbar; a year afterwards he obtained most probably with images of the foster-mother of "his crowning mercy of Worcester; and a few her founders, but there were two she-wolves of whom fears after, on the same day, which he had ever history makes particular mention. One of these, esteemed the most fortunate for him, died. 45. And thou, dread statue! still existent in of brass in ancient work, was seen by Dionysius ++ at the temple of Romulus, under the Palatine, and is universally believed to be that mentioned by the Latin historian, as having been made from the money collected by a fine on usurers, and as standing under the Ruminal fig-tree The other was that • Storia delle Arti, &c., lib. ix. cap. 1, pag. 321, 322, tom. ¡i. ↑ Cicer. Epist. ad. Atticum, xi. 6. ‡ Published by Causeus in his Museum Romanum. The projected division of the Spada Pompey has which Cicero §§ has celebrated both in prose and already been recorded by the historian of the De-verse, and which the historian Dion also records as eine and Fall of the Roman Empire. Mr. Gibbon having suffered the same accident as is alluded to found it in the memorials of Flaminius Vacca, + by the orator. The question agitated by the antiand it may be added to his mention of it that Pope Julius III. gave the contending owners five hundred crowns for the statue; and presented it to Cardral Capo di Ferro, who had prevented the judgment of Solomon from being executed upon the Sueton. in vit. August. cap. 31, and in vit. C. J. Crear, cap. 83. Appian In a more civilized age this statue was ex-says it was burnt down. See a note of Pitisens to Suetonius, pag. 224. posed to an actual operation for the French who arted the Brutus of Voltaire in the Coliseum, resolved that their Cæsar should fall at the base of that Pompes, which was supposed to have been sprinkled with the blood of the original dictator. The nine-foot hero was therefore removed to the ribus lupe posuerunt." Liv. Hist. lib. x. cap. Ixix ana of the ampitheatre, and to facilitate its transfurt anffered the temporary amputation of its right year U. C. 455, or 457. $$"Tum statua Natte, tum simulacra Deorum, Romnlusque et Remus cum altrice bellua vi fulminus ictis conciderunt." De Divinat. ii. 20. “TacThe republican tragedians had to plead that tus est ille etiam qui hanc urbem condidit Romulus, quem inauratum in Capi Germ was a restoration: but their accusers do not tolio parvum atque lactantem, uberibus lupinis inhiantem fuisse meministis." here that the integrity of the statue would have In Catilin. i. 8. protected it. The love of finding every coincidence bas discovered the true Cæsarian ichior in a stain Dear the right knee: but colder criticism has reerted not only the blood but the portrait, and asgned the globe of power rather to the first of the anrors than to the last of the republican masters ** Szt, *oma chatnotes toutes mes idées de la façon dont je vous vois w it my gem vom avea de l'arlition, mais aucun amour pour la ivory a hemi quan endte áme était haute; mais je ne soupçonnois pas 1="— duge de Sylla et d'Encrate. * Mereda, man. ivi, pag. 9, ap. Montfaucec, Darium Italicum "Hic silvestris erat Romani nominis altrix Η! Ἐν γὰρ τῷ καπητολίῳ ἀνδριάντες τὲ πολλοὶ ὑπὸ κεραυ νῶν συνεχωνεύθησαν, καὶ ἀγαλματα ἄλλα τε, καὶ Διὸς ἐπὶ kíopos idovμévov, sikóv TË TIS AUKAÍVNS OÙVITE TO Pápe Kal ro Ponú idpopéen Erean. Dion. Hist. lib. xxxvii. pig. 37 edit. Rob. Steph. 1548. He goes on to mention that the letters of the columu on which the laws were written were liquefied and cecome durdod. All the the Romans did was to erect a large statue to Jupiter, looking |