European Society 1500-1700

agrarian agricultural Amsterdam Antwerp areas aristocracy army authority became began bourgeois bourgeoisie bullion capital Castile Catalonia Catholic cent Christian Church claimed Cossacks Counter Reformation countryside court crisis crown debts Dutch early modern Europe early seventeenth century economic élite emigration England English estates European exports feudal France French Fronde gentry Germany harvest Holland important income increase industry inflation investment Italy king labour land landlords late sixteenth century live lords marriage medieval merchants monarchy Naples Netherlands nobility nobles oprichnina Paris parish Parlement Parliament peasantry peasants period political popular population price revolution produce profit Protestant rebellion rebels Reformation refugees régime region religious rents revolt rising rose royal rural seigneurs serfdom silver sixteenth century slaves social Spain Spanish status szlachta taxation taxes Thirty Years War towns trade traditional United Provinces uprising urban village wealth western Europe witchcraft