are not 66 novel and unheard-of claims! No! these injuries themselves in the position of commanders and to new and lately received," and, however entertain no proposition which could be seen, in unheard-of by him they have been protested against, any way, to impede the full authority of such an again and again, by men who have grown high in officer over the entire command and discipline of professional honor and usefulness, and grey in the the ship, and many measures, just in themselves, public service, from before a time when many, who were rejected, lest they should, remotely, have this would now monopolize all the privileges of rank, tendency. The code prepared by this board has were scarce "muling and puking in the nurse's been submitted to sea-officers of every rank and of arms." The protest has failed, not because it was the highest intelligence, and it has received their made in hostility to our sea brethren, but in a con- approbation, as not only consistent with discipline, fiding reliance upon their expressed sympathies and but as contributing to it. It greatly enlarges and flattering assurances; whereas, had the wrongs defines the duties of medical officers, as none but and injuries of the U. S. Navy medical corps been medical officers would be competent to do, and the thrown before the country, they would have aroused whole action of the board is marked by a deference the indignation of every liberal mind against the to the general interests of the service. Of 74 petty feeling which permitted them, the entire articles, but three relate to rank in the Navy, and medical profession would have felt it a duty to these contain the following provisions: come to the rescue, and the present indignities Commanding officers, of whatever grade, shall would long ago have ceased to exist. The charge always take precedence of all medical officers of hostility, brought against men who have endured under their command." Again: "The rank of so much, rather than proclaim the injustice done medical officers shall not entitle them to command, them, has a boldness of ungrateful misconception, or control, any commission or warrant officer, (but equalled only by its injustice, particularly when the rights asked are essential to real discipline and the public good, and are not more promotive of the comfort of the medical corps, than of that of seaofficers. medical officers.)" Thus making every sacrifice to the most sensitive vanity of the most juvenile member of the service, and while providing for the proper respectability and just social position of the medical corps, of a military service offering every This "Official Military Seaman" assures us, with security for subordination. "An Official Military most bitter truth, that the board of sea-officers, Seaman" has been particularly fortunate in hearing which framed the new and unjust regulations pro- complaints against the measures of the board, which posed for the government of the Navy, took noth- he so lauds, from but one grade; as our experience ing from the "rights, privileges, dignity, or inde- has been so different, that we have heard those pendence," of the medical corps. Grant it; they measures ridiculed and disapproved of by every would have performed the task of taking nothing from grade of the naval service, and we are prepared nothing if they had, inasmuch as no such "rights, to show, when the proper time for the discussion privileges, dignity, or independence," have any leg- comes, that there are points in the proposed code islative existence in the Navy, and this board took destructive of the interests of the entire naval sergood care not to fulfil the promise of hope, by con- vice, and in which the people, at large, are inteferring any. He takes a strange method of elicit-rested; points which show the " quo animo" of the ing respect for the labors of this board, when he whole code and leave it a matter of but little surinforms the public that, instead of being indepen-prise, that rules should be applied to the medical dent in its action and debates, important measures corps, directed more by an assuming vanity, which were submitted to it with "marks of the highest would humiliate all fellow laborers, than by an endisapprobation," and complacently assures us that larged view of the public good. Upon the subject "it only remained for the board to confirm this of rank, respecting which we are treated with such authoritative judgment." Comment upon this is a broken philosophic essay, we think that little unnecessary; every independent mind at once set- more need be said, as it is above the debate of my tles the full value of that board. Instead, how- opponent and myself, having been settled upon ever, of admitting his inference, that the pencil more comprehensive principles, than he seems to marks indicated Judge Upshur's disapprobation, we understand, by every military authority, and by the think it more fair to infer that he deemed the board usages of all well-organized military services. incompetent to the discussion of the measures, and The present discussion and the confusion which his calling a medical board, soon after, upon these marks our Navy, the only service destitute of a very measures, strengthens our inference. defined rank for all its grades, is alone a proof of As" an Official Military Seaman" has told us its necessity. This writer, with a characteristisome of the secrets of this board of sea-officers, cally limited view of his subject, seems to think and more we know, we will, in return, tell him some that a medical officer has no duties, or relations, in of those of the board of medical officers, convened a military service but those of a professional chaunder authority of Judge Upshur. When these racter: he asserts, that these can be as well perofficers met, their first resolution was, to place formed without rank as with it: true, as much to the satisfaction of the individuals benefitted by his physical qualifications; but, with strange and deservices, but not as much to the satisfaction of termined perversity, this examination, which in him, whose life is passed in a position of social reality, constitutes a claim to superior position, is humiliation, and if he has had any observation in alleged as a reason why the Assistant Surgeon military life, he must know that positive, or assimi- should take a station inferior to those who come lated, rank regulates social relations. It is con- into the service from civil life without any test of trary to all reason to place a man in a military fitness whatever, and he tells us, with a great apatmosphere, surround him by a military organiza-pearance of wisdom, that it is the "peculiar prition, hold him amenable to all its laws and cere-vilege" of other civil officers to be considered, at monies, try him by its courts, and yet throw him the moment of their admission, “qualified to perinto contempt, by withholding from him a military form all their duties." Why they have this "pecuposition consistent with his character and duties. liar privilege," and why it entitles them to a better The rank asked by the medical corps of the position, is what we want to know? Why men, Navy is inferior to that assigned the same corps just entering the service, should take a position in other services, and inferior to that which many over those who have been in it ten years, requires sea-officers think ought to be assigned it in the a better reason than a mere statement of the injusNaval service. An enlarged and liberal policy tice. The medical officers desire to be relieved from would teach our sea-brethren to give the medical this injustice and not to have others "placed under corps the highest military position consistent with them," or "in a state of retaliative subordinaits character and duties, inasmuch as the corps, the only one out of the general line, consists of four distinct grades, and, by giving it a high military character, its interests are more firmly united with the general military interests of the service, instead of being kept dissevered from them by a life of dissatisfaction and unhappiness. Holding these common interests, and with its friendships in the service, the medical corps has an extended and active communion with a large, powerful and organized professional fraternity spread out over the whole country, and already do we see leading medical journals speaking, with eloquent indignation, of the position of the medical corps in the Navy, and one individual, with a name eminent in the walks of literature, lending it the influence of his graceful pen. That men of the years, character, and acquirements of the older surgeons of our service have but one opinion as to the wrongs done them, is one strong evidence of the necessity for improvement, which a liberal service would not overlook. Men will not be driven from a position which has its defined rights, by those who seek to destroy them, and as long as they can feel and act, will efforts be made to obtain justice, while there is a power, of which all are common servants, to privileges and humiliate all associates? He is pardecide the question of right. ticularly startled by the fact, that the humble mediIt is somewhat amusing to see how this "Offi-cal corps, instead of lying quiet, with the foot upon cial Military Seaman," when he cannot find an its neck, should undertake, under the authority of error, or an argument, to sustain his position, will an eminent jurist, to make laws for itself. As he make a ready use of those truths and arguments is in search of truth, and appears to be lamentably which are against him. With accustomed inaccu- in want of it, if he will apply to the Surgeon Gene racy, he asserts, that the position of an Assistant ral of the Army, we have no doubt that gentleman Surgeon is one of apprenticeship. This is not so will send him the book containing the separate code in our service in the British service it is. An for the government of the medical corps of the Assistant Surgeon, in the U. S. Navy, must be a Army, from which that proposed by the Navy fully qualified physician and surgeon, of, at least, board has been chiefly constructed, and the Hon. 21 years of age, and he is submitted before admis-John C. Calhoun will, perhaps, inform him that sion, to an examination more rigid than is required he deemed such a code essential to efficiency, for the assignment of a diploma, and which closely rather than "novel," "startling" and "alarming." tests, not only his intellectual, but his moral and Whenever such a Secretary presides over the tion," (p. 454.) These assertions are contradicted by the clause we have already quoted upon the subject of rank, proposed by medical officers themselves, and prohibiting them from exercising command, or control, over any other officers. But, again, it is said the medical officer ought not to count his service as an assistant, because the Lieutenant does not count his as a midshipman, but the remarkable difference between them is not taken into consideration. The Leiutenant enters the service as a boy, acquires his profession in it, and is very justly sustained by the government in the mean time. The medical officer, on the contrary, enters as an adult, and has acquired the fitness for his public duties out of his own pocket, while supporting himself. These are not opinions, but facts, which speak their own argument. Our author affords, with every step he takes, the most conclusive evidence, that his observation has been confined to the most narrow limits. He sees something novel, startling and alarming in usages, older, perhaps, than the service, and in acts, essential to efficiency. But what is the efficiency of the service compared with the gratification of that selfishness and vanity which would monopolize all Navy, then will the usurping propensities of "an | ciates; they have rather thought themselves entiOfficial Military Seaman" hide themselves in shame, tled to the aid and support of their associates; but, and the present anarchy and confusion be at an if hostility is to come, let it come, the quicker the end. Does this gentleman not know that our ma- better; friend and foe will then be marked; and, rine corps not only has a code of its own, but tries professions separated from practice, the medical its own officers? corps will be released from the delicacy which The charge of exclusive legislation, coming has hitherto retarded its interests, and the public from one of a grade which has controlled the ser- be benefitted by the information laid before it, and vice and monopolized its privileges, against those its searching eyes will find where lies the rottenwho are only asking for enough to secure their ness of Denmark. We are threatened with the comfort, has such a spirit of daring recklessness influence of the power of numbers, and our defeat and disregard of the true relations of the parties in characteristic, quarter-deck arrogance predicted. as to prohibit all reply. It is the more remarkable This threat betrays the ferocious spirit from which for its boldness, when it is fresh in the minds of the medical corps requires protection, it is a fitting those acquainted with the subject, that the talented argument to sustain unfounded assertions, and has editor of the U. S. Gazette detected this very the merit of being the most conclusive the author spirit infringing upon civil privileges out of the has advanced. It is the spirit which would answer service, and, with vigorous pen, lashed it back into reason, law, right and justice, with the marine its proper domain, to devour, we suppose, more guard, double irons and the bayonet. The power ravenously, all within its reach, if the disposition of numbers! that influence may prove to be a of "an Official Military Seaman" represents that power crumbling from its very height, and when of his brethren; but we cannot believe it. the nation's eye is directed to the unwieldly strucWe now approach, with feelings of reluctant ture, to every rotten and worthless constituent, in mortification, the following taunt applied to medi- just indignation it may strike it over, rather than cal officers: "They were the first to have their bear the oppressive burden longer. We admit the pay increased." To relieve the writer from the superiority of numbers, when we see some grades charge of being wanting in justice, gratitude, gene- with two thirds of its members drawing large salarosity and magnanimity, we must suppose him to ries from the public without rendering it one parbe as grossly ignorant of the facts in this matter ticle of return, and many who are so much more as we have proven him to be in those previously" official," than either "military," or seaman-like, noticed, and we answer the taunt by the following in their qualifications, as to occupy the rank, which piece of history. The bill of 1835, proposed to constitutes their chief merit, from the sole circumincrease the pay of each Surgeon $22.50 per stance of having lived long enough to forget every annum, and that of Lieutenants $123-42. As re-duty but that of signing the Purser's receipt roll. lates to Surgeons it became a law, but with regard We cannot wonder that such should regard the to Lieutenants it was amended so as to increase claims of useful officers to the same rank with the pay of each $300 per annum. The Surgeons themselves as a most alarming presumption. This were requested not to urge a proportioned increase, writer has had much to learn in relation to his own lest the Lieutenant's bill would be endangered, and service, and he may yet learn that, in a country of they complied with the request. Does this, again, free investigation, no service is advanced by mealook like hostility to sea-officers? Our attention sures of injustice, and their zealous support but renwas, for the first time, called to this paper yester-ders them conspicuous and facilitates their termiday and we have been obliged to go over it rapidly nation. He may learn, too, that men are never in the midst of professional engagements; but we driven from the defence of their rights and privihave shown that the writer's most prominent and leges by the influence of power and persecution. positive assertions are contradicted by established You may go on to persecute, humiliate and degrade facts in every case, and his most triumphantly the medical officers of your ships; they have been paraded arguments are against himself. The medieal corps of the Navy is in a position as unjust to the corps, and as injurious to the interests of the service, as it is peculiar to the naval service; a position, contrary to all military principles, and If the friendship of our sea-brethren is to be the usages of well-organized services. In a long converted into hostility, because we ask for jusperiod of service, we have been most grossly de- tice, their friendship may readily be spared, and if ceived, if such is not the opinion of the majority the medical corps must be driven into enmity to of sea-officers, who are conscious of any dignity defend its rights against a narrow and illiberal of character, not dependant upon the coat they policy, then may the certain consequences of such wear. In asking to be relieved from this position, a policy be upon the heads of its authors. But we medical officers have asked for nothing conflicting hope, and we believe that this "Official Military with the rights and privileges of their sea-asso- Seaman" has misrepresented every class of sea tempered by the uses of adversity and can bear much without losing the character, which has hitherto sustained them, without protecting laws and usages. A SEA-GOING SURGEON. A DAY ON COOPER RIVER.* officers, as much as he has misstated and misunder-first settlers of Carolina, and their descendants stood the subjects he treats; but we end, as we still remain. The family of Landgrave Smith, began, in an assurance of our belief in the honesty "perpetual and hereditary noble and peer" of of his views, as their error is amply justified by Carolina, under Mr. Locke's celebrated constituhis want of correct information, and we trust that tion, (with which family, as Dr. Irving informs us, better knowledge will lead to better feelings. those of Mr. Otis and President Adams are connected by blood,) the Broughtons of Mulberry Castle, (doubtless descendants of those Lancashire knights of the same name, who figure in the wars of the Roses,) and others of gubernatorial rauk in the colony, have received from Dr. Irving a fuller notice, while many, of less note, are sketched in Works of the kind, to which the above little fewer words. Landgrave Smith's residence is production belongs, are rare in our country, par- still, after the lapse of a century and a half, in the ticularly in the south. The scenery in which our possession of his descendant, while Comingtee land abounds, occasionally diverts the foreign tou-" has never been out of the Ball family, the great rist from his observations on "Men and Man-grand-father of the present proprietor having been ners," or is described in the pages of a Northern Monthly, by some wanderer for health, or for pleasure, to our hospitable shores. But we can, at present, recollect no work by a Southerner, which" retreat" of Sir Edgerton Leigh, and all in a clusprofesses to relate the local history and paint the features of his own native land, or to hold up the portrait to those already familiar with its lineaments. On this account alone then-as the pioneer in this department of our Southern Literature-ed Carolina families, in Fairlawn Barony, once the were this work deserving of our cordial reception; but it needs no such weak title; its intrinsic merit and interest are of the highest order, and it well repays perusal. born there in 1709”—a length of possession which must be exceedingly rare in this country. Here is Dean Hall, the residence of Sir John Nesbitt, the ter on "French Quarter Creek," the homes of the high-minded and enthusiastic Huguenots. The ancient seats of the Middletons, the Izards, Heywards, Pinckneys, Rutledges and other distinguish domain of Sir John Colleton and of Sir Nathaniel Johnson, and the mansions of the Huguenot Du Tarts, the Hugers, Ravenels, Prioleans, etc., which mark the character of the stream, are all so many Dr. Irving, of Windsor, St. James' Santee, (well monuments of the olden time, and throw light on known to all who have mingled in the refined and the history of that favorite royal colony. Nor is polished society of Charleston, as one of those ac- the work destitute of local anecdotes of more genecomplished gentlemen and ripe and elegant scholars, ral interest: a ghost story-if we forget not, two, who abound, though unseen afar, in this land of the or three,—a tale of a man, who kept his own iron sunny clime), gives us here, in a most attractive coffin by him for years, during his life, whose shape and easy, classic style, but without the osten-"body, after his death, according to the instructation of "antiquarian lore," diverting and useful tions contained in his will, was put in this coffin information concerning the past history and present and was consumed to ashes in it—it was then prostate of the country on Cooper River, in the im- perly secured and locked and the key thrown into mediate vicinity of Charleston. He takes us with the middle of Cooper river!"—the history of “one him, not only from the bustle and noise of the city of that respectable class of grey-headed family into the leisure and quiet of a planter's mansion, servants" now almost extinct--and many other enbut also from the prosaic interests of the present livening episodes diversify the narrative. back into the poetic past. The part of Carolina But we must close our notice of this exceedwhich he describes is its oldest settlement; here ingly clever and entertaining book. We return was the earliest refuge of the Huguenots, and here to its talented author our acknowledgements, as a still, many of their wealthy descendants reside. part of his public, for the rich treat he has afforded Anecdotes of that olden time, when the gay noblesse us, and hope this is but the commencement of a of that aristocratic colony was at the height of its series of "Visits to Remarkable Places," after the power and prosperity, as also of that struggle, in manner of William Howitt, which, issuing from which their order sacrificed their privileges on the so able, elegant a pen, will instruct us in the local altar of liberty, and periled their all," animis opi-history of our sister state, at the same time that busque parati," for their country's weal, unite with it assists us to while away pleasantly a tedious hour. descriptions of local scenery, mansions, agricultural information, etc., etc., to give the most varied interest to his sketches. Family history mingles largely, and not without justice, with the other matter. Many ancient families were among the By John B. Irving, M. D., Charleston S. C.-1842. In the printing department, the method of saturating the where the paper is placed, and then suddenly forcing the paper with water, by exhausting the air in the chamber water upon it, by which every pore is instantly filled is quite ingenious and effective.-Visit to the Bank of England. TO MY HUSBAND. BY MARIA GERTRUDE BUCHANAN. I've left the mother on whose breast my infant head was laid, Around whose knees my bounding steps in childhood oft have played, Into whose ear, I poured the hopes of girlhood's fleeting flower, A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM. FOUNDATION OF THE ORDER. [Concluded.] On the twenty-third of July 1099, eight days after the capture of Jerusalem, which it had cost Europe more than a million of people to reduce, the crusaders assembled together to elect a king to govern them. Five nobles only were present, who, from their birth, their fortunes and rank, could possibly hope for this honor; and these five were Godfrey of Buillon, Tancred of Italy, Raymond of Toulouse, and the Counts of Flanders and The good—the loved ones--they with whom through Learn-Normandy. Godfrey was proclaimed by the asseming's paths I've strayed, And whose affection was my stay in dreary sorrow's hour. I've left the sisters-they, with whom full many years were spent, Of childhood's April smiles and tears-its guileless merri ment: When on our brows youth's coronal in circling beauty played. I've left the brother-him whose mind full oft has guided mine, And led me through fair mystic paths to Ancient Wisdom's shrine, Unrolled the page of olden lore and gave unto mine eyes skies. I've left no father's tender care-his spirit rose on high, What knew I then of sin, or death, or darkness of the tomb? I've left them all—they whose pure love was like a mantle cast Around my blast; form to shield it well from sorrow's chilling I've left them all, whose voices dear ne'er uttered one harsh word, That could have, in my throbbing heart, grief's bitter foun tain stirred. bled band, with hardly a dissenting voice, and though he refused to be styled their king, or to wear a diadem, where Christ had worn a "crown of thorns," still he consented to act as their chief, and to be called by his subjects the "advocate and defender" of our Saviour's tomb. We cannot take leave of this prince, who bore so prominent a part in this crusade, and was the founder of the Latin rule in the Holy Land, without saying a word of his person and character, as we have found it recorded by Robert, the Monk. "He was," says this writer, "beautiful in countenance, tall in stature, agreeable in his discourse, admirable in his morals, and, at the same time, so gentle, that he seemed better fitted for the Monk, than the Knight; but, when his enemies appeared before him, and the combat approached, his soul became filled with mighty daring; like a lion, he feared not for his person; and what shield; what buckler could resist the fall of his sword!" Godfrey's rule was of short duration. Hardly had he been a year in the I've left them all, and I have come, my husband, to thy Holy Land, before he was seized with a fever of breast, In future life, the only place whereon my head must rest the country, which proved fatal after a few days' illness. Singular it is, that these crusaders, the same men, who, when fighting in Hungary, or storming the walls of Nice, of Antioch, and Jerusalem, had not feared the poisoned darts of their enemies, and, when victorious, had committed every And, though at that sad parting hour burst forth the fount of excess, even to that of wounding children at their I've left the loves-the hopes-the cares of all my former years, * In reference to the horrid excesses committed, when Jerusalem was taken, to which allusion was made in the former article, Fuller says, that "this massacre was no slip of an extemporary passion, but a studied and premeditated act ;" and that "the execution was merciless upon sucking children, whose not speaking spake for them, and on women, whose weakness is a shield to defend them against a valiant man." It may be asked, where were the bishops and priests, that they did not interfere to save the with thee, beside the wave of dark affliction's lives of those, who, either from their advanced age, or Oh! never may the golden links of our affection's chain With the fair chain around God's throne-chain of Immor Decatur, Ga., July, 1843. VOL. IX-67 youth, or sex, were helpless? Persons there were present, dressed in the garb of the church; but they were as bigoted, as immoral, and as much lost to any sense of humanity, as the brutal soldiers, or the titled Lords, by whom they were surrounded. The Infidels and Jews alike were murdered, and Jerusalem was only a Christian city, when all who had dwelt in it before the siege had perished. The number of Saracens, who were massacred at this time, is not certainly known. The archbishop of Tyre says, that |