Otto Hahn and the Rise of Nuclear Physicsand less as the emanation unden\'ent radioactive decay, and it became motion less after about 30 seconds. Since this process was occurring very rapidly, Hahn and Sackur marked the position of the pointer on a scale with pencil marks. As a timing device they used a metronome that beat out intervals of approximately 1. 3 seconds. This simple method enabled them to determine that the half-life of the emanations of actinium and emanium were the same. Although Giesel's measurements had been more precise than Debierne's, the name of actinium was retained since Debierne had made the discovery first. Hahn now returned to his sample of barium chloride. He soon conjectured that the radium-enriched preparations must harbor another radioactive sub stance. The liquids resulting from fractional crystallization, which were sup posed to contain radium only, produced two kinds of emanation. One was the long-lived emanation of radium, the other had a short life similar to the emanation produced by thorium. Hahn tried to separate this substance by adding some iron to the solutions that should have been free of radium, but to no avail. Later the reason for his failure became apparent. The element that emitted the thorium emanation was constantly replenished by the ele ment believed to be radium. Hahn succeeded in enriching a preparation until it was more than 100,000 times as intensive in its radiation as the same quantity of thorium. |
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Índice
FROM RUTHERFORD TO HAHN | 1 |
THE NUCLEAR ELECTRON HYPOTHESIS | 19 |
NUCLEAR PHYSICS COSMIC RAYS AND ROBERT MILLIKANS RESEARCH PROGRAM | 69 |
THE DISCOVERY OF FISSION AND A NUCLEAR PHYSICS PARADIGM | 91 |
5 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CONDITIONS FOR THE DISCOVERY OF NUCLEAR FISSION BY THE BERLIN TEAM | 135 |
OTTO HAHN SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY | 167 |
THE POLITICS OF BRITISH SCIENCE IN THE MUNICH ERA | 181 |
WHY HAHNS RADIOTHORIUM SURPRISED RUTHERFORD IN MONTREAL | 201 |
THE FIRST EXAMPLE OF NUCLEAR ISOMERISM | 213 |
NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN CANADA IN THE 1930s | 221 |
241 | |
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able actinium activity alpha particles appeared atomic barium Berlin beta Bohr called Cambridge Chadwick charge chemical complex concluded continued cosmic rays Curie decay developed difficulties discovery discussed disintegration early electron elements emission energy evidence example existence experimental experiments fact Fermi field Figure fission Frederick Soddy German Hahn's half-life hydrogen hypothesis ideas important Institute interest International isotope known laboratory later letter Lise Meitner London mass matter McGill University measurements Meitner method Millikan Nature neutron noted Nuclear Physics nucleus Otto Hahn period Phys physicists political position possible Press problem Proc proton published question radiation radioactive radiothorium radium rays reactions reported Rutherford scientific scientists seemed separated Society Strassmann Structure substance suggested theoretical theory thorium tion took transformation University uranium World wrote York